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Provides up-to-date coverage of essential concepts and the latest research trends in epistemology A Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the philosophical study of knowledge and justified belief. This extensively revised edition strengthens the treatment of longstanding and contemporary debates, integrating interdisciplinary discussions that link epistemology with cognitive science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of normativity, and social and political philosophy. More than 50 entirely new survey chapters address recent developments in epistemology, such as the ethics of belief and the epistemology of inquiry, while an extended "Epistemology A-Z" with over 100 new entries provides both in-depth analysis and concise definitions of key concepts, arguments, and historical figures. This classic volume is a vital resource for advancing understanding of epistemological concepts and their real-world applications. Throughout the text, logically structured entries and cross-referenced topics allow for quick and efficient lookup of all information. An indispensable reference for those engaging with one of philosophy's most vital fields, Companion to Epistemology: Improves the range of coverage of underrepresented philosophers and traditions, including non-Western approaches, women philosophers, and emerging voices in the field Captures the evolving state of epistemology while supplying conceptual tools to engage with its complex landscape Delivers in-depth coverage of applied epistemology, relevant for practical and theoretical applications Provides critical analysis of new and underexplored areas, such as the epistemology of attention Supports interdisciplinary research with entries connecting epistemology to ethics, cognitive science, and metaphysics Edited by a team of leading scholars, Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition is a must-have for undergraduate and graduate students in epistemology, philosophy, ethics, or cognitive science programs, as well as educators and scholars in need of a wide-ranging reference for use in advanced research or teaching.

GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND ELDERLY CARE Lecture Notes Ninth Edition An essential resource for meeting the needs of an ageing patient population As the global population ages, geriatric medicine is steadily becoming one of the most important areas of medical research and care. Healthcare systems in developed countries are adapting to this shift in the population, and doctors are finding that a larger and larger proportion of their patients are older. Current medical training often does not include adequate coverage of geriatric medicine, and students may well find they require more extensive resources for meeting older patients' needs. Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care meets this need with a set of comprehensive but straightforward introductions to the foundational concepts of geriatric medicine. Combining a user-friendly format with extensive high-quality figures and illustrations, it is a must-have resource for medical students looking to deepen their knowledge of a widening area of essential care. Now thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest research and medical knowledge of ageing and elder care, this is an essential contribution to the popular Lecture Notes series. Readers of the ninth edition of Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care will also find: New chapters on the 'science of ageing' including immunosenescence and rejuvenation research, and geriatric oncologyFull coverage of the British Geriatrics Society and European undergraduate curriculumsA companion website with appendices, key revision points for each chapter and further readings Lecture Notes: Geriatric Medicine and Elderly Care is ideal for medical students and Foundation Year doctors in most specialties who are treating frail older people. It also provides a starting point for revision for higher specialty examinations in geriatric medicine. Anki Revision Cards A set of 'Anki App' digital revision cards is available to go with this textbook. The cards contain the material from the self-test questions in the book. Anki App is a cross-platform mobile and desktop flashcard app that can support your studies (see www.ankiapp.com). It uses an algorithm to present cards you know less well more frequently. You can keep the cards on your mobile device and study them in your downtime. Visit www.lecturenoteseries/paediatrics to download the card set to your device.

The Handbook of Asian Englishes provides wide-ranging coverage of the historical and cultural context, contemporary dynamics, and linguistic features of English in use throughout the Asian region. This first-of-its-kind volume offers a wide-ranging exploration of the English language throughout nations in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Contributions by a team of internationally recognized linguists and scholars of Asian Englishes and Asian languages survey existing works and review new and emerging areas of research in the field. Edited by renowned scholars in the field and structured in four parts, this Handbook explores the status and functions of English in the educational institutions, legal systems, media, popular cultures, and religions of diverse Asian societies. In addition to examining nation-specific topics, this comprehensive volume presents articles exploring pan-Asian issues such as English in Asian schools and universities, English and language policies in the Asian region, and the statistics of English across Asia. Up-to-date research addresses the impact of English as an Asian lingua franca, globalization and Asian Englishes, the dynamics of multilingualism, and more. Serving as an important contribution to fields such as contact linguistics, World Englishes, sociolinguistics, and Asian language studies, The Handbook of Asian Englishes is an invaluable reference resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and instructors across these areas.

"The first volume of the Handbook of Historical Linguistics is the best-worn handbook among many in my office and even though it's almost 20 years old, I still consult it often. Still, historical linguistics is a very different field today than it was in 2003 and this new volume fully reflects and engages with the state of the art. It's a completely new book, a worthy successor, and I look forward to wearing out this second volume." Joseph Salmons, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA "This is an important resource for right now and far into the future. In its breadth and depth it has everything we could ask for and more, a comprehensive survey in 24 chapters written by the world's foremost scholars. It unites time-honored fundamentals of historical linguistics and progressive lines of ongoing research." Lyle Campbell, University of Hawai'i at M¿noa, USA This brand-new, second volume of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics is a complement to the well-established first volume, initially published in 2003. It includes extended content allowing uniquely comprehensive coverage of the study of language(s) over time. Though it adds fresh perspectives on several topics previously treated in the first volume, this Handbook focuses on extensions of diachronic linguistics beyond those key issues. This Handbook provides readers with studies of language change whose perspectives range from comparisons of large open vs. small closed corpora, via creolistics and linguistic contact in general, to obsolescence and endangerment of languages. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, the chapters of this Handbook cover new topics such as the origin of language, the evidence from language for reconstructing human prehistory, the relevance of the study of present-day language for studying language in the past, and the benefits of linguistic fieldwork for historical investigation. Unique to this volume is a chapter that discusses in detail a large number of highly specific predictions as to the future of a widely spoken language-variety, thereby focusing long-term attention on thirty changes in the lexicon, phonology, morphology, and morphosyntax of North American English. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II, is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, researchers, and professional linguists, as well as all those interested in the history of particular languages and the history of language more generally.

Discusses interrelations or confluences among communication flows as the Four Flows Model of organizational communication The Four Flows Model illustrates how communication makes an organization what it is, presenting in-depth information on the Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO). Written by a team of renowned experts in the field, this comprehensive resource is designed for all those involved in the study of organizations, particularly advanced students and researchers in Business, Sociology, Communication Studies, and the subdiscipline of Organizational Communication. Organized into twelve substantial chapters, the text clearly and thoroughly explains all key aspects of Four Flows Theory (4F) and provides a theoretical grounding in its parent, Structuration Theory (ST). The book draws upon original research and evidence to demonstrate that organizations are not constituted in merely one way, but rather by four analytically different yet interconnected characteristic flows: Membership Negotiation, Self-Structuring, Activity Coordination, and Institutional Positioning. Throughout the book, the authors describe their theoretical developments through discussion of other key schools of CCO thinking, as well as important issues such as critical perspectives on organizing. Articulating the significance of the Four Flows Theory for CCO scholarship, this innovative volume: Discusses interrelations or confluences among flows and explores relations of the Four Flows Model with alternate perspectives Emphasizes the need to ask broader questions in CCO theorizing regarding the ways socio-material things are constituted Lays out the context of 4F theory and identifies the key issues CCO theories should address Describes how conlocutions allow sensitive exploration of relations Introduces the concept of transtruction to Structuration Theory, explaining how communication produces and reproduces organizations Highlighting the importance of studying organizations as novel social entities that rule the world, The Four Flows Model: The Communicative Constitution of Organizations is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses on Organizational Communication, Structuration Theory, Organizational Communication, Management, Organizational Studies, and Public Administration, as well as an invaluable reference work for researchers and practitioners in the field.

The "software" that structures our financial systems and, through them, the broader economy, is made up of certain basic concepts that guide how we think. These concepts include money, finance, investment, credit, and - above all - capital. This conceptual software manifests itself in our current "operating system" of institutions and practices. But our concepts and the system itself are radically out of date as representations of monetary, financial, productive and distributive reality. Robert Hockett shows that this mismatch has serious consequences and argues that it's time for a complete overhaul of our economic understanding.The underlying conceptual problem, Hockett contends, is that we miss the extent to which our financial systems are deeply and ineradicably public. Money is an inherent emanation of our basic social contract; capital in turn emerges as almost entirely publicly generated. Our systems of finance and investment must therefore be publicly and democratically determined. Leaving them in the hands of private powers means resigning ourselves to current health and income inequalities, ever-more-frequent financial crises, and economic stagnation and decline - to say nothing of social and political deterioration across the developed world.Lucid and passionately argued, Making Capital Democratic is a seamless blend of philosophy and economics that calls for profound intellectual and institutional changes that would befit a democracy that is democratic in more than just name.

There is no such thing as free, unconstrained speech. Laws and constitutions may protect us from the state when we speak our minds. But the state is just one possible constraint. Glenn Loury, one of America's most outspoken and important intellectuals, provides a provocative and dazzling analysis of the powerful social forces that can prevent speakers from voicing unpopular views in public forums.Every society, Loury notes, has norms to enforce. That can be a good thing: There ought to be social sanctions for, say, compulsive liars. When, however, a society shows a low degree of tolerance for speech about matters of political importance, self-censorship proliferates and public discourse and policy suffer. The answer, Loury argues, is for as many of us as possible to be braver and more human - to take a risk and unapologetically "live within the truth".Loury first presented these ideas in the 1990s in a celebrated and prophetic essay about "political correctness." In Self-Censorship he expands and updates the account, deploying his analytical powers and psychological acuity to diagnose our current political climate. The result illuminates prevailing social dynamics with the same brilliant and startling effect that made the paper an instant classic thirty years ago.

The idea of progress, one of the animating ideas of Western civilization, has now gone global. From Marxism and neoliberalism to today's mutant identity politics, it offers a framework of knowledge and confidence: an assurance that things will get better and that history is on our side. However, in doing this it creates a form of authority that is simultaneously imaginary and dishonest, resting on confidence in a future that is really contingent and unknowable. In The Progress Trap, Ben Cobley looks at this progressive mindset as a form of power, conferring a right to act and control others. 'Change', 'transformation' and the 'new' are the superior values, meaning destruction of the old: people, cultures and nature. It is a trap into which nearly all of us fall at times, so attractive are its stories and familiar its techniques. Hard-hitting but thoughtful, the book is a meditation on the sinister consequences of the progressive way of being: for ourselves, for our democracy, for our art and for the pursuit of real knowledge.

In the demonology of the contemporary city, is there anything more toxic than the expressway? Dividing neighbourhoods, depressing land values, concentrating atmospheric pollutants, the mammoth infrastructure of the expressway is now increasingly crumbling into the ground. How did we build the expressway world in the first place? And what are we going to do now with it now? This eye-opening book explores these questions partly through the great expressway abolitions of recent years, such as Boston's Central Artery (buried and covered by a park) and Seoul's Cheonggyecheon (replaced with an artificial river). But the book also uncovers the hidden stories of expressways that have become weird attractions in their own right, from London's Westway to São Paulo's Minhocão, celebrated in art and literature. Above all, the book proposes, counterintuitively, that we find ways to live with the expressway world and to adapt it to a different future, inspired by the many examples where people have already reinvented this challenging legacy on their own terms. Engaging with case studies across the world and recent thinking in the environmental humanities and architectural theory, this is a thought-provoking invitation to reconsider the most maligned structures of the recent urban past.

Navalny. Lenin. Pugachev. The Russian rebel - in his epic battle against the Leviathan of the Russian state - has enthralled readers and writers for decades. The rebel's story is almost always a sad one that ends in exile, imprisonment, or martyrdom, leaving but a seed for the future reform of the Leviathan which he or she had taken on. Why do revolts - from the Decembrist uprising to the Snow Revolution that brought Alexei Navalny to the forefront of contemporary Russian politics - seem to end up failing or producing an even worse form of despotism? In reality, the brave words and deeds of dissidents have shaped the course of Russian history more often than we might think. Through the stories of prominent rebels from the time of Ivan the Terrible to the present day, as well as her own experiences reporting on her country's decent into authoritarianism, Russian-American journalist Anna Arutunyan explores how the rebel and the Tsar defined each other through a centuries-long dance of dissent and repression. These characters and their lives not only reveal the true nature of the Russian state, they also offer hope for a future Russian democracy.

June 1940: France surrenders to Germany. The Gestapo is searching for Heinrich Mann and Franz Werfel, Hannah Arendt, Lion Feuchtwanger and many other writers and artists who had sought asylum in France since 1933. The young American journalist Varian Fry arrives in Marseille with the aim of rescuing as many as possible.  This is the harrowing story of their flight from the Nazis under the most dangerous and threatening circumstances.  It is the most dramatic year in German literary history.  In Nice, Heinrich Mann listens to the news on Radio London as air-raid sirens wail in the background. Anna Seghers flees Paris on foot with her children. Lion Feuchtwanger is trapped in a French internment camp as the SS units close in. They all end up in Marseille, which they see as a last gateway to freedom. This is where Walter Benjamin writes his final essay to Hannah Arendt before setting off to escape across the Pyrenees. This is where the paths of countless German and Austrian writers, intellectuals and artists cross. And this too is where Varian Fry and his comrades risk life and limb to smuggle those in danger out of the country. This intensely compelling book lays bare the unthinkable courage and utter despair, as well as the hope and human companionship, which surged in the liminal space of Marseille during the darkest days of the twentieth century.