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This is a classic novel set in the late Ottoman Empire. Oshagan's Remnants: The Way of the Womb, Book 1 (Mnatsortats in the original Armenian) is his magnum opus and the culmination of a series of powerful, innovative novels on Muslim-Christian, and especially Turkish-Armenian, relations in the Ottoman Empire. Remnants is a literary reconstruction of the pre-genocide world of the Armenians told through the horrific collapse of a family, the Nalbandians. The author intended the novel to be divided into three parts (Part I: The Way of the Womb; Part II: The Way of Blood; Part III: Hell) but was unable to write the third part, which was to be devoted to the extermination of the Armenians, depicting the twenty-four hours during which the Armenian population of Bursa was annihilated. This is by far one of the most important, innovative novels ever written on the Ottoman Empire and social relations among its diverse Muslim and Christian populations. This work has been translated into English by a preeminent scholar and mainstream translator, G. M. Goshgarian.

In this volume of selected essays and interviews, the author explores a number of fundamental issues regarding Armenia's foreign and security policies and scrutinizes the political culture as the framework within which positions have been defined and solutions have been sought. The previously published and unpublished material collectively analyze the political thinking that characterized the response to challenges the Third Republic faced and failed to address from the standpoint of statehood versus a vague but powerful nationalism. The author achieves this difficult task by studying themes such as Armenia and Armenians as agents of their own history as opposed to the dominant sense of victimhood, maximalism confused with patriotism, the role of mediators and other states as saviors, the comfort zone of illusions and legends as opposed to hard realism and pragmatism. Libaridian argues that the dominant but faulty framework led leaders of the state and Diaspora to a policy that bet on war rather than peace, a second Karabakh war that Armenia lost in 2020, a war that should have been avoided.

From interracial love and sectarian violence to the prospects of Islamo-Christian women's solidarity, the stories and essays in this volume unveil many forgotten features of Ottoman history and Armenian memory. Penned by writer and social advocate, Zabel Yessayan (1878 - 1943?) - now the most recognized author of her generation -, they span the period just prior to the First World War, through the Armenian Genocide, and ultimately the exclusionary 1923 founding of today's Turkey. These hitherto unread, unrecognized, or unknown pieces present the pressing need for unity across imposed identities in the struggle against the horrors of social inequality. As she wrote in support of Muslim women's rights and Armenians' claims for justice, Yessayan also produced this rare and rich archive of the love, hate, and intimacy that de¿ned much of Ottoman subjecthood.

Lewis Einstein was the ¿rst United States of¿cial to publicly speak against the genocide of Armenians and his diaries foreshadowed much of what Ambassador Morgenthau wrote in his memoirs a year later. Both works supported each other in giving us invaluable insights into how, and how well, American of¿cials were informed of the Armenian Genocide in 1915. Einstein published his account, as Sarafian's introduction shows, because he disagreed with United States policy on the Armenian issue. EInstein wanted the United States to break diplomatic ties with Ottoman Turkey and threaten war to stop the carnage.

This work examines the provenance of an interview conducted with Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk by Karl Emil Hildebrand, published in the US in 1926. The interview's significance is twofold. Firstly, Mustafa Kemal's acknowledgement of Turkish culpability in Armenian massacres and secondly his assertion that a last-minute confession by a prominent female conspirator thwarted the 1926 Izmir assassination attempt on his life. Leading Turkish scholar, Professor Turkkaya Ataöv, asserts that the interview is an Armenian fabrication made in support of false claims of genocide. New evidence, revealed here, establishes the provenance of the interview. Mustafa Kemal's acknowledgement of Ottoman guilt is confirmed. It is also contended that the Izmir plot conspirator who alerted Mustafa Kemal was Turkey's leading feminist and PRP member, Halide Edib. This revelation challenges the prevailing narrative that Mustafa Kemal exploited the attempted assassination to silence innocent PRP members who had no knowledge of the plot.

This work is the most detailed report on what happened to Armenians in the Ottoman province of Van in 1915. It was published in Yerevan in 1917 and remains a critical source in its own right. A-Do [Hovhannes Ter Martirosian] personally investigated the events in question and described many incidents in their harrowing details. He pinpointed April 16, 1915 as the beginning of genocidal attacks against Armenians. These attacks were not entirely unexpected and many Armenians fought back and defended their communities, most notably in the city of Van. A-Do's report also covered the establishment of a provisional Armenian government during the first Russian occupation of this region, as well as the great exodus of Armenians to the Caucasus when the Russians withdrew.

A geographic and demographic gazetteer showing the demographic profile of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.

Mavi Kitap'ı oluşturan belgeleri toplamak ve karşılaştırmalarını yapmak aylarımı aldı. Yayımlandıktan sonra da kitapta anlatılanlar uzun süre aklımdan çıkmadı. Hiç durmaksızın düşüncelerimi meşgul eden yalnızca kurbanların çektiği acılar ve canilerin işlediği suçlar değil, aynı zamanda insanların, bu soykırım faillerinin yaptıklarını nasıl yapabildiği sorusuydu. [Ermeni Soykırımı] üzerinde yaptığım çalısma ... Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Nazilerin çok daha geniş çapta ve çok daha büyük bir soğukkanlılıkla işlediği soykırım suçunun bile silemediği izler bıraktı belleğimde.Özel ya da kamusal alanda olsun, kişisel ya da kişisel olmayan nitelikte olsun, işlenmiş her büyük suç, milliyetle sınırlandırılamayacak bir sorunu ortaya koyar. Bu, bizi insan doğasının derinliklerine götüren bir sorundur. 1915 yılında Türkiye'de yapılan soykırım bana 'Ilk Günah' gerçeğini yeniden hatırlattı -Arnold Toynbee, Acquaintances (Oxford, 1967)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

"Lawrence of Arabia" was one of the most famous figures to emerge from World War I. His Venezuelan contemporary, Rafael De Nogales, remains almost completely unknown outside of his native country. One fought with the Arabs against the Turks; the other fought with the Turks against Arabs, Armenians, Australians, British and Russian forces. Comparing and contrasting the careers of the two men helps clarify differences and similarities in historical narrative and analysis of a formative period of world affairs.