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The Gut-Brain Axis: Dietary, Probiotic, and Prebiotic Interventions on the Microbiota, Second Edition presents the most advances on how the gut microbiome influences central nervous system and brain function introduced in the first edition. The book also describes how environmental influences which affect the microbiota, including, diet, exercise, and early-life, impact on the gut-brain axis. The second edition contains new chapters on metabolomics and the gut-brain-axis; dietary factors in the maintenance of a healthy brain ; the role of gut microbes in neurodegenerative disorders; the link between exercise and the gut-brain-axis; and infant Nutrition, the microbiome and neurodevelopment. In addition, the second edition presents coverage of mechanisms underlying neurological disease; approaches to investigate the role of the microbiome in brain and behavior, and 'next generation' probiotics and prebiotics. The Gut-Brain Axis: Dietary, Probiotic, and Prebiotic Interventions on the Microbiota, Second Edition continues to be the "go-to? resource for further exploration of the microbiota.

Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Knowledge, Therapeutic Treatments, and Future Directions provides the most updated research findings and defines the current data gaps on metabolic fatty liver disease. The book extensively covers key areas in metabolic fatty liver disease research, including epidemiology (adults and children), economic burden, patient-reported outcome burden, natural history, current treatments, current diagnostic methods, controversies (NAFLD/MAFLD), current guidelines, fatty liver disease in the presence of other liver diseases as well as guidance on future research. This book will provide translational researchers with a current and comprehensive resource dedicated to all aspects of research in metabolic fatty liver disease, identify current gaps in research and make future research recommendations. It also offers clinicians a look at important background information in metabolic fatty liver disease and thoroughly reviews the latest research in this area to inform treatment outcomes.

Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: An Evidence-based, Multidisciplinary Approach provides researchers and practitioners with a complete and comprehensive source of information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and controversies concerning sleep disordered breathing in infants. Written by an interdisciplinary team of authors, chapters consolidate information on the evaluation and management of pediatric sleep disordered breathing (SDB) currently fragmented across different specialties. Principles of surgery for SDB as well as non-medical approaches, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are covered, and a section dedicated to controversies in pediatric SDB discusses clinical cases and future trends for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Less-Supervised Segmentation with CNNs: Scenarios, Models and Optimization reviews recent progress in deep learning for image segmentation under scenarios with limited supervision, with a focus on medical imaging. The book presents main approaches and state-of-the-art models and includes a broad array of applications in medical image segmentation, including healthcare, oncology, cardiology and neuroimaging. A key objective is to make this mathematical subject accessible to a broad engineering and computing audience by using a large number of intuitive graphical illustrations. The emphasis is on giving conceptual understanding of the methods to foster easier learning. This book is highly suitable for researchers and graduate students in computer vision, machine learning and medical imaging.

Quantitative Perfusion MRI: Techniques, Applications, and Practical Considerations, Volume 11 clearly and carefully explains the basic theory and MRI techniques for quantifying perfusion non-invasively in deep tissue, covering all aspects of perfusion imaging, from acquisition requirements to selection of contrast agents and appropriate pharmacokinetic models and for reliable quantification in different diseases and tissue types. Specifically, this book enables the reader to understand what microvascular functional parameters can be measured with perfusion MRI, learn the basic techniques to measure perfusion in different organs, apply the appropriate perfusion MRI technique to the organ of interest, and much more. This complete reference on quantitative perfusion MRI is highly suitable for both early and experienced researchers, graduate students and clinicians wishing to understand how quantitative perfusion MRI can apply to their application area of interest.

COVID-19 Viral Sepsis: Impact on Disparities, Disability, and Health Outcomes introduces the concepts of viral sepsis, its origins, and its implications. COVID-19 is a leading cause of viral sepsis with considerable impact on morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 can potentially impact patient outcomes. The book opens with an overview of sepsis and viral sepsis. The discussion continues with an introduction to COVID-19 and related topics on its epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, mild to moderate disease management, and the critical care treatment of COVID-19 patients. Sequelae of COVID-19, long-term consequences, challenges, current landscape, and future preparedness round out the coverage. COVID-19 Viral Sepsis: Impact on Disparities, Disability, and Health Outcomes is a valuable resource with contributions from experts on the front line of the COVID-19 crisis providing insight and key principles in the recognition, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis due to COVID-19.

Starch Industries: Processes and Innovative Products in Food and Non-Food Uses is the third volume of the "Underground Starchy Crops of South American Origin" book series. Organized in five volumes, this series brings information on the applied level of producing and using starch from a range of plants grown in tropical and subtropical areas that have South American origin. This book presents starch extraction and its food and non-food uses, using large and small industrial processes. The methods and equipment of these technologies are analyzed in detail, so that it is easy to be understood by a diverse public, increasing the visibility of the great potential of use of starchy tubers, rhizomes and roots, and improving processing options. Specifically in processing cassava, which is the only cultivation done on a commercial scale in South America, it is possible to extract starch in industries equipped with equipment, comparable to that of China, Thailand and Vietnam. This title also explores the extraction of smaller starches, such as canna starch, sweet potato and arrowroot from South China, which does not sell starch but transforms it into food paste in small extruders. Edited by a team of experts with a solid background on starch extraction research, the books are aimed at all those involved in research and development, new technological processes, quality control and legislation in the field of starch.

Translational Sports Medicine covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies these principles to the design of translational investigations. This title is an indispensable tool in grant writing and funding efforts with its practical, straightforward approach that will help aspiring investigators navigate challenging considerations in study design and implementation. It provides valuable discussions of the critical appraisal of published studies in translational sports medicine, allowing the reader to learn how to evaluate the quality of such studies with respect to measuring outcomes and to make effective use of all types of evidence in patient care. In short, this practical guidebook will be of interest to every medical researcher or sports medicine clinician who has ever had a good clinical idea but not the knowledge of how to test it. Readers will come to fully understand important concepts, including case-control study, prospective cohort study, randomized trial and reliability study. Medical researchers will benefit from greater confidence in their ability to initiate and execute their own investigations, avoid common pitfalls in translational sports medicine, and know what is needed in collaboration.

Machine Learning: A Constraint-Based Approachprovides readers with a refreshing look at the basic models and algorithms of machine learning, with an emphasis on current topics of interest that includes neural networks and kernel machines. The book presents the information in a truly unified manner that is based on the notion of learning from environmental constraints. For example, most resources present regularization when discussing kernel machines, but only Gori demonstrates that regularization is also of great importance in neural nets. This book presents a simpler unified notion of regularization, which is strictly connected with the parsimony principle, and includes many solved exercises that are classified according to the Donald Knuth ranking of difficulty, which essentially consists of a mix of warm-up exercises that lead to deeper research problems. A software simulator is also included. Presents fundamental machine learning concepts, such as neural networks and kernel machines in a unified mannerProvides in-depth coverage of unsupervised and semi-supervised learningIncludes a software simulator for kernel machines and learning from constraints that also includes exercises to facilitate learningContains 250 solved examples and exercises chosen particularly for their progression of difficulty from simple to complex

Cases in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics (LGG) Practice instructs readers in the lab-based diagnosis of genetic conditions, including inborn and acquired disorders using cytogenetics and molecular genetics technologies. This entirely case-based book covers a wide range of genetic cases, from prenatal to postnatal and oncology genetic disorders which lab professionals and geneticists encounter daily in the diagnostic field. Each disorder discussed includes a section on clinical background, clinical indication, tests ordered, laboratory tests performed, test results, results with interpretations, future testing and recommendations, and references. The book will help lab professionals understand and navigate clinical cases using an integrative approach, and thoroughly understand the methodologies and interpretations involved in high complexity genetic testing.

Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Characterization, Waste Management, Reuse and Recycle, Author‿s Statement on the Sustainability of Nuclear Decommissioning, Volume Six presents a selection of global case studies that focus on a range of technologies for the decontamination, dismantling, spent fuel treatment and recycling of nuclear decommissioning. The book presents best practices by analyzing errors and inadequacies, leading the reader to sound decision-making. The events covered in this publication range from national and local legislation, to regulatory positions, statements or recommendations, licensing steps and transition phases. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operators, waste managers, researchers and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to Michele Laraia‿s reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning. Alongside the other case studies books in this series, readers will obtain an understanding of various key case studies-what happened and what we can learn from them, to help supplement, solidify and strengthen their understanding of the topic.

Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, Third Edition describes the fundamental principles of soil and water relationships in relation to water storage in soil and water uptake by plants. The book explains why it is important to know about soil-plant-water relations, with subsequent chapters providing the definition of all physical units and the SI system and dealing with the structure of water and its special properties. Final sections explain the structure of plants and the mechanisms behind their interrelationships, especially the mechanism of water uptake and water flow within plants and how to assess parameters. All chapters begin with a brief paragraph about why the topic is important and include all formulas necessary to calculate respective parameters. This third edition includes a new chapter on water relations of plants and soils in space as well as textbook problems and answers.

Microfluidics-Aided Technologies: Platforms for Next Generation Biological Applications aims to provide comprehensive information of microfluidic technologies, their development and biomedical applications. The book opens with an overview of the fundamentals of microfluidics. It is followed by discussions of methods and biomedical applications of microfluidics in diagnostics, prognostics, cell engineering, gene sequencing, cellular analysis, and bioimaging. The book also explores breakthroughs in microfluidics such as 3D bioprinting, organ-on-chip technologies, and regenerative medicine. This book offers researchers an interdisciplinary perspective towards biological problems. It is a resource for advanced undergraduate, graduate students, researchers and industry scientists interested in the emergence of advance techniques and next generation microfluidics-aided technologies for applications in the biomedical and medical research.

Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogens Detection: A Rapid Detection Approach covers rapid and accurate measurement for biosensing analysis. This book is organized in a systematic way, covering basic introduction and advanced approaches in biosensing and their use in the detection of food pathogens. This compilation includes chapters such as Methods, techniques and latest developments in the detection of foodborne pathogens; Basic principles in Biosensors and bioelectronics for the foodborne pathogens; Various bio-recognition receptors used in the biosensors; Nanomaterials and signal amplification in biosensors for foodborne pathogens; electrochemical biosensors for foodborne pathogens; Optical biosensors for foodborne pathogens, and more. This book act as a comprehensive resource for researchers or scientists working in food safety, especially in microbial food spoilage detection using biosensors.

Antibiotics: Therapeutic Spectrum and Limitations provides up-to-date information on managing microbial infections, the development and types of antibiotics, the rationale for utilizing antibiotics, toxicity considerations, and the control of antibiotic resistance in one single resource. This book also aims to provide comprehensive insights and current trends on antibiotic therapies to treat microbial infections, their mechanisms of action, and the role of modern drug delivery in improving their efficacy. Written by leading experts from around the globe, the chapters in the book covers important aspects of microbial infections including hospital acquired infections and community acquired infections and adult sepsis, examines the various types of antibiotics with different mechanisms and therapeutic uses, the global challenge of antibiotic resistance, and clinical trials, regulatory considerations, and market overview of antibiotics. Furthermore, the chapters include updated literature reviews of the relevant key topics, high-quality illustrations, chemical structures, flowcharts, and well-organized tables, all of which enable better understanding by the readers.

Higher Alcohols Production Platforms: From Strain Development to Process Design comprehensively covers the production of higher alcohols, from the fundamentals to the latest research. Bringing together experts from industry and academia, the book sheds light on the practical aspects of higher alcohol production and offers a roadmap for researchers to follow. In addition to the fundamentals of higher alcohol production, readers are presented with detailed information on up and downstream processes, including microbial processes and the various production pathways available. A discussion of metabolic pathways has a dedicated chapter, as do C2, C3-C8, and C4 sugar fermentation platforms. A lifecycle assessment is also presented, addressing the energy, environmental, social and economic factors in the sustainability of higher alcohol production. Readers will find this to be a unique and comprehensive reference on the production of higher alcohols that will be of interest to students, researchers and industry professionals involved in bioenergy and renewable energy, and more.

The Foraging Behavior of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera, L.) provides a scholarly resource for knowledge on the regulation, communication, resource allocation, learning and characteristics of honeybee foraging behavior at the individual and colony level. Foraging, in this context, is the exploration of the environment around a honey bee hive and the collection of resources (pollen, nectar, water, etc.) by bees in the worker caste of a colony. Honeybees have the unique ability to balance conflicting and changing resource needs in rapidly changing environments, thus their characterization as "superorganisms? made up of individuals who act in the interest of the whole. This book explores the fascinating world of honey bees in their struggle to obtain food and resources in the ecosystem and environment around the hive. Written by a team of international experts on honey bee behavior and ecology, this book covers current and historical knowledge, research methods and modeling used in the field of study and includes estimates of key parameters of energy utilization, quantities of materials collected, and identifies inconsistencies or gaps in current knowledge in the field.

PM: Priya KumaraguruparanContact: p.kumaraguruparan@elsevier.com

Features top scholars who provide context and order to new research about mechanisms that underlie both public finance theories and applications. This title focuses on new approaches to both revenue generation and expenditures in public finance. It presents summaries of subjects in public economics that stretch from methodologies to applications.

Statistical learning and analysis techniques have become important today, given the growth in the size of heterogeneous data collections and ability to process it even from physically distant locations. This title familiarize beginners and experts with some of the techniques in this field. It is divided in two sections: Theory and Applications.