Bøker utgitt av Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc

Polycomb Group Proteins is a comprehensive volume detailing the mechanisms that are key to the management of genome function in many different contexts, from embryonic stem cells to terminal differentiation. The book discusses the regulation of cell lineages, cell proliferation, apoptosis, X chromosome inactivation, and most major genome programming choices. In the last few years, the biochemical understanding of PRC1-type complexes has greatly expanded in terms of the number of components involved and the intricacies of their interactions. The functionalities of these various complexes and their components are not all well understood, but recent work has shown an important division of labor and roles in the recruitment of stable binding in the ability to lay the groundwork of histone modifications and in the epigenetic maintenance of repressed states. In an effort to provide clarity in this topical research area, the book provides a cluster of chapters that deal with variant PRC1 complexes, their taxonomy, their components, their interactions, and what is known of their functions. Provides topical coverage on accessory components that are known to be involved in PcG recruitment in Drosophila and their less understood role in mammalsIncludes dedicated sections on PRC1 complexes and PRC2 complexes for quick referenceFeatures the role of RNA molecules in different aspects of Polycomb proteins involvement in epigenetic regulation, beginning with the key role of the Xist RNA in recruiting and spreading PcG complexes on the inactive X chromosome

In a world increasingly challenged by the need to integrate and understand highly specialized knowledge in a multidisciplinary way, this book is innovative and perhaps unique in addressing this challenge. It focuses on ideas, strategies, techniques and practices spanning many disciplines at the interface of agriculture with: forestry, horticulture, plant physiology, genetics, ecology, soil science, food science, economics, and the social and environmental sciences as delivered by intensified and enriched agroforestry. Multifunctional Agriculture addresses this complexity, using case studies and insights from the needs of African farmers whose livelihoods are constrained by complex interactions between social, environmental and economic factors and problems underlying agricultural sustainability in Africa. This book, therefore, provides an important resource for those trying to understand the role of agriculture in the achievement of the new Sustainable Development Goals by providing easily implementable, practical and effective methodologies and practices. Provides a single-source, comprehensive insight into agroforestry/ multifunctional agriculture, it''s potential, challenges, and progressHelps readers understand and assess potential opportunity through implementationIncludes case studies and real-world insights that address common situations and the practical application of best practicesExplores the role of multi-functional agriculture in mitigating climate change impacts, providing value-story beyond crop production

The Competitiveness of Tropical Agriculture: A Guide to Competitive Potential with Case Studies describes and synthesizes existing methodologies for evaluating competitiveness in agriculture, introduces extensions and refinements, and provides a novel approach based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. As exports of tropical fruit, nuts, and other high-value crops have been growing very rapidly from developing countries, but often encounter serious obstacles in their value chains, this book demonstrates how national agricultural policy is oftentimes not guided by considerations of inherent competitiveness. In addition, the book presents case studies that illustrate the application of these approaches using quantitative frameworks. A concluding chapter introduces policy considerations for competitiveness from work in Jordan, Colombia, Estonia, Peru, and elsewhere, also discussing the role of specific policies in raising competitiveness sustainably and its role in reducing rural poverty.Presents evaluations of 105 agricultural products, including crops, livestock outputs, aquaculture products, and forestry productsExplores insights not found in other competitiveness studies, including spatial variation within a country for the same crop, relation to the use of skilled labor, and above all, the role of value chain issues in determining competitivenessIncludes analysis of results, such as assessing sector-wide effects on employment and income of policies that help align the sector with its competitive advantage

Physical Activity and the Aging Brain: Effects of Exercise on Neurological Function is a complete guide to the manifold effects of exercise and physical activity on the aging brain. Cognitive decline and motor impairment, onset of diseases and disorders, and even changes in family structure and social settings that occur as we age can all impact activity levels, yet continued physical activity is crucial for successful neurological functioning. This book examines the role that exercise and physical activity play in halting or modulating the deleterious effects of these numerous aging concerns by first examining the current state of research into how exercise manifests physical changes in the brain. It then discuss how physical activity combines with other lifestyle factors to benefit the aging brain, including nutrition, computerized brain training, and social engagement. Most significantly, it also covers how physical activity can serve as therapy to help alleviate the symptoms of various neurological diseases impacting aging populations, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer''s disease and age-related cognitive decline. The book provides broad coverage of the effects of exercise and physical activity on the aging brain, its therapeutic effects, and the many factors that influence the aging process.Presents research scientists with a complete understanding of the role of exercise in healthy brain agingConsiders the roles of nutrition, the mind-body connection, and other lifestyle factorsPresents a major resource for exercise and physical activity in the neurological health of older adultsProvides a synopsis of key ideas associated with the many aspects of physical activity, along with lifestyle factors that can modify neurological diseases and age-related neurological decline

Acquisition of Complex Arithmetic Skills and Higher-Order Mathematics Concepts focuses on typical and atypical learning of complex arithmetic skills and higher-order math concepts. As part of the series Mathematical Cognition and Learning, this volume covers recent advances in the understanding of children''s developing competencies with whole-number arithmetic, fractions, and rational numbers. Each chapter covers these topics from multiple perspectives, including genetic disorders, cognition, instruction, and neural networks. Covers innovative measures and recent methodological advances in mathematical thinking and learningContains contributions that improve instruction and education in these domainsInforms policy aimed at increasing the level of mathematical proficiency in the general public

Modeling of Microscale Transport in Biological Processes provides a compendium of recent advances in theoretical and computational modeling of biotransport phenomena at the microscale. The simulation strategies presented range from molecular to continuum models and consider both numerical and exact solution method approaches to coupled systems of equations. The biological processes covered in this book include digestion, molecular transport, microbial swimming, cilia mediated flow, microscale heat transfer, micro-vascular flow, vesicle dynamics, transport through bio-films and bio-membranes, and microscale growth dynamics. The book is written for an advanced academic research audience in the fields of engineering (encompassing biomedical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and electrical), biology and mathematics. Although written for, and by, expert researchers, each chapter provides a strong introductory section to ensure accessibility to readers at all levels. Features recent developments in theoretical and computational modeling for clinical researchers and engineersFurthers researcher understanding of fluid flow in biological media and focuses on biofluidics at the microscaleIncludes chapters expertly authored by internationally recognized authorities in the fundamental and applied fields that are associated with microscale transport in living media

Water Purification, a volume in the Nanotechnology in the Food Industry series, provides an in-depth review of the current technologies and emerging application of nanotechnology in drinking water purification, also presenting an overview of the common drinking water contaminants, such as heavy metals, organics, microorganisms, pharmaceuticals, and their occurrences in drinking water sources. As the global water crisis has motivated the industry to look for alternative water supplies, nanotechnology presents significant potential for utilizing previously unacceptable water sources. This books explores the practical methodologies for transforming water using nanotechnologies, and is a comprehensive reference to a wide audience of food science research professionals, professors, and students who are doing research in this field.Includes the most up-to-date information on nanotechnology applications and research methods for water purification and treatment Presents applications of nanotechnology and engineered nanomaterials in drinking water purification to improve efficiency and reduce cost Provides water purification research methods that are important to water quality, including precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, and ion exchange Covers the potential risks of nanotechnology, such as the toxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials in water and how to minimize risks based on research studies

Microsized and Nanosized Carriers for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Formulation Challenges and Potential Benefits provides a unique and complete overview of novel formulation strategies for improvement of the delivery of NSAIDs via encapsulation in microsized and nanosized carriers composed of different materials of natural and synthetic origin. This book presents the latest research on advances and limitations of both microsized and nanosized drug carriers and NSAIDs before discussing the formulation aspects of these drug carriers that are intended for oral, dermal, and transdermal administration of NSAIDs. In addition, functionality of these materials as potential excipients for microsized and nanosized carriers is discussed and debated. Practical solutions for improving effectiveness of these drugs are included throughout the book, making this an important resource for graduate students, professors, and researchers in the pharmaceutical sciences.Covers a wide range of microsized and nanosized carriers in one resource, including particulate carriers (microparticles, nanoparticles, and zeolites) and the soft colloidal carriers, such as micro-emulsions and nano-emulsionsPresents the reader with various formulation approaches dependent on the characteristics of the material, model drug, and desired route of administration Approaches are based on the latest research in the area and formulation strategies may have broader applications to the encapsulation of other active pharmaceutical ingredients

The Art and Science of Coffee presents the full scope of the coffee value chain, from the tree to the consumer in a unique structure providing perspective that combines the academic and the practical aspects of coffee from production to consumption. To achieve this, co-authorship for each chapter combines experts from academia and industry, giving an overview of scientific literature and the academic vision, and it shows how this knowledge applies in practical situations and how science is of value to improve practices and processes. The Art and Science of Coffee guides the reader through every step of coffee production, starting at the farmer and the agricultural practices and the post-harvest processes and the influence on quality and concluding with the consumer and product acceptability measures. The book is the most complete reference available for the coffee value chain. Present coffee from Farm to Frappe Addresses agricultural and production practices, sustainability, social impact of coffee production and consumer acceptabilityIntegrates research and real-world practices for applicable understanding and appreciation

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases and rheumatic conditions is constantly increasing. Autoimmune diseases affect approximately 7-10% of the population of the United States, while more than 50,000,000 American adults suffer from some type of arthritis. The Heart in Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases examines the complex mechanisms relating to cardiac diseases from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases can affect the coronary vessels, myocardium, pericardium, heart valves and the conduction system. The diagnosis of these unique cardiac complications necessitates medical awareness and a high index of suspicion. Increased risk of advanced atherosclerosis plays a pivotal role in the development of cardiac diseases in systemic, rheumatic and autoimmune illnesses. Yet, other complex immune medicated mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis. Patients'' optimal care requires coordination between the primary caregiver, the rheumatologist, immunologist and cardiologist. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors, recognition of high-risk patients and identification of subclinical cardiac conditions are of great importance. Moreover, regulation of inflammation, as well as abnormal immune responses and the initiation of early treatments should be the focus of patient management. A continuous attempt to identify novel therapeutic targets and change the natural history of the underlying disease and its cardiac manifestations is in progress. The book aims at providing the readers with a state of the art collection of up to date information regarding clinically important topics based on experts'' perspectives. This book was a result of an extended coordinated collaboration of one-hundred and forty distinguished scientists from thirty-one countries around the globe. A review of common, as well as unusual (yet clinically significant) medical cardiac complications of prevalent rheumatic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Focuses on aspects of pathophysiological processes, clinical presentations, screening tests, prognostic implications and novel therapeutic approaches.Presents an up-to-date "level of evidenceΓöÉ and "strengths of recommendationsΓöÉ for suggested therapies and reviews all randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and other supporting published clinical findings.

Forensic Science Reform: Protecting the Innocent is written for the nonscientist to help make complicated scientific information clear and concise enough for attorneys and judges to master. This volume covers physical forensic science, namely arson, shaken baby syndrome, non-accidental trauma, bite marks, DNA, ballistics, comparative bullet lead analysis, fingerprint analysis, and hair and fiber analysis, and contains valuable contributions from leading experts in the field of forensic science.Offers training for prosecuting attorneys on the present state of the forensic sciences in order to avoid reliance on legal precedent that lags decades behind the scienceProvides defense attorneys the knowledge to defend their clients against flawed scienceArms innocence projects and appellate attorneys with the latest information to challenge convictions that were obtained using faulty scienceUses science-specific case studies to simplify issues in forensic science for the legal professionalOffers a detailed overview of both the failures and progress made in the forensic sciences, making the volume ideal for law school courses covering wrongful convictions, or for undergraduate courses on law, legal ethics, or forensics

Motor Neuron Diseases (MND) are a group of neurological disorders that affect motor neurons in adults and in children. The fields of gene and cell therapies for motor neuron diseases are constantly evolving. Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Disease discusses the basics of the diseases and covers both advances in research and clinical trials. It gives a resource to students to learn the basics and also provides the details required for scientists and clinicians. Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the background of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig''s Disease) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), and the current understanding of their genetics and mechanisms. Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Motor Neuron Disease also details gene and cell therapies that have been developed and how some of these have been translated to clinical trials. *Provides an overview of gene and cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other motor neuron diseases *Edited by a leading Neurosurgeon and two research scientists to promote synthesis between basic neuroscience and clinical relevance. *A great resource for researchers and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, and gene and cell therapy

DNA Modifications in the Brain: Neuroepigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression begins with an historical overview of the early discoveries surrounding DNA methylation in the mammalian brain and then explores the evidence supporting a role for this epigenetic mechanism in controlling gene expression programs across the lifespan in both normal and diseased states. Chapters describe new directions and technological advances, and provide an overview of what the future holds for this exciting new field. This book is ideal for medical, graduate and advanced undergraduate students, but is also a great resource for researchers who need a broad introduction to the dynamic nature of DNA that sheds light on evolving concepts of gene-environment interaction and their effects on adaptation and neuropsychiatric disease.Provides a comprehensive overview of the many facets of DNA modificationsDiscusses the impact of this dynamic epigenetic mechanism across brain development and lifespan at behavioral, cognitive, molecular and genetic levelsContains contributions by influential leaders in the field Edited by a Neuroscientist to further promote synthesis between epigenetics, neuroscience, and clinical relevance

Education and Training for the Oil and Gas Industry: Future Energy Sources, Volume Four examines future energy sources, specifically shale gas, renewables, and unconventional energy sources. This volume explores current provision and standards in education and training in these industries, and presents vital case studies and best practices essential for the industry to move forward. The Education and Training for the Oil and Gas Industry series crystallizes the lessons and examples of best practices from ten years of interactions and engagements. It offers a blueprint for a unified, universal set of quality standards and collates the tools and techniques necessary to implement these standards in a way that all companies, training providers, educators, and governments can embrace. Provides a baseline for addressing the main problems faced by the oil and gas industryPresents input from skilled professionals, trainers, and industry-oriented researchers in the relevant technology fieldsExplores the current provision and standards in education and training, focusing on the needs of industry, academia, and policymakersPresents vital case studies and best practices essential for long-term progress in the industry

Graduate Research is an all-in-one resource for prospective and matriculated graduate students in the sciences. The newly revised edition includes updates to every chapter. Graduate Research covers a range of topics including writing and preparation of research proposals, developing and refining teaching skills, and ethics and compliance areas such as research involving human subjects and animals. Graduate Research helps readers navigate the multidimensional and interdisciplinary world of scientific research and it is an invaluable resource for graduate researchers as well as those in advising or mentoring roles.