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Pediatric Food Preferences and Eating Behaviors reviews scientific works that investigate why children eat the way they do and whether eating behaviors are modifiable. The book begins with an introduction and historical perspective, and then delves into the development of flavor preferences, the role of repeated exposure and other types of learning, the effects of modeling eating behavior, picky eating, food neophobia, and food selectivity. Other sections discuss appetite regulation, the role of reward pathways, genetic contributions to eating behaviors, environmental influences, cognitive aspects, the development of loss of control eating, and food cognitions and nutrition knowledge. Written by leading researchers in the field, each chapter presents basic concepts and definitions, methodological issues pertaining to measurement, and the current state of scientific knowledge as well as directions for future research. Delivers an up-to-date synthesis of the research evidence addressing the development of children''s eating behaviors, from birth to age 18 yearsProvides an in-depth synthesis of the basic eating behaviors that contribute to consumption patternsTranslates the complex and sometimes conflicting research in this area to clinical and public health practiceConcludes each chapter with practical implications for practicePresents the limits of current knowledge and the next steps in scientific inquiry

Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties and Applications covers the theoretical and experimental aspects related to design, synthesis, fabrication, processing, structural, morphological, optical and electronic properties on the topic. In addition, it reviews surface functionalization and hybrid materials, focusing on the advantages of these oxide nanostructures. The book concludes with the current and future prospective applications of these materials. Users will find a complete overview of all the important topics related to oxide nanostructures, from the physics of the materials, to its application. Delves into hybrid structured metal oxides and their promising use in the next generation of electronic devicesIncludes fundamental chapters on synthesis design and the properties of metal oxide nanostructuresProvides an in-depth overview of novel applications, including chromogenics, electronics and energy

Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms: Concepts and Controversies: Volume 2 not only covers all the new technologies used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, it also tests their response on plants, algae and micro-organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Unlike most works in the field, the book doesn''t focus exclusively on the higher organisms. Instead, it explores the smaller life forms on which they feed. Topics include the impacts of plant development, how different nanoparticles are absorbed by biota, the impact different metals-including silver and rare earth metals-have on living organisms, and the effects nanoparticles have on aquatic ecosystems as a whole. As nanotechnology based products have become a trillion-dollar industry, there is a need to understand the implications to the health of our biota and ecosystems as the earth is increasingly inundated with these materials. Covers the issues of nanoparticles on more simple organisms and their ecosystemsDraws upon global experts to help increase understanding of the interface mechanisms at the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and even genomic and proteomic level between ENPs and biological systemsProvides a critical assessment of the progress taking place on this topicSheds light on future research needs and scientific challenges that still exist in nanoparticle and living organism interactions

Ethanol: Science and Engineering reviews the most significant research findings in both ethanol production and utilization. The book''s contents are divided into four parts, beginning with an explanation of the chemical reactions involved during the conversion of ethanol to more complex molecules. Other sections focus on various processes and their potential use, the modelling of various chemical processes, and finally, their economic and environmental impact. The book includes the most advanced production processes, new technologies, applications, and the economic role ethanol plays today. The book will be great for researchers and engineers in both academic and industry. The idea of using ethanol as a fuel is one of the most promising options in the arena of alternative fuels because of it versatile use as an intermediate for producing hydrogen via reforming reactions, direct fuel cells feed and/or its production from biomass, which is also considered a sustainable feedstock.Reviews ethanol production methods from biomassDiscusses the potential of ethanol as a viable future fuelIncludes hydrogen production methods using ethanol in catalytic reforming processesOutlines the various technologies based on ethanolIncludes ethanol powered fuel cells

Emerging Paradigms in Urban Mobility: Planning, Finance and Implementation explains the types of new urban mobility planning paradigms that are emerging throughout the world, along with their potential to transform the transportation landscape. As half of the world''s 7 billion people now live in cities, thus causing severe road congestion, increased air pollution, energy insecurity and sustainability problems in cities and the planet itself, this book presents new paradigms that are emerging to address these problems, along with other topics of note, including economic efficiency, health, the well-being of cities and their residents, urban mobility transformations, and the role of social media. In addition, the book looks at Integrated Corridor Management and how it improves the people-moving performance of multi-modal transport systems in high demand urban corridors and how countries balance the mobility benefits of motorcycles with the environmental and safety threats they pose. Provides previously unpublished research on new approaches to integrating governance, the changing role of IT, and shared mobility initiativesLinks transportation and land use, climate change, and poverty reduction and gender, going well beyond the technical issues of transport planning Highlights successful factors that have worked and how they can be tailored to different contextsIncludes learning aids, such as case studies, text boxes and chapter openers and summaries

Unlike other books, courses and training that expect an analyst to piece together individual instructions into a cohesive investigation, Investigating Windows Systems provides a walk-through of the analysis process, with descriptions of the thought process and analysis decisions along the way. Investigating Windows Systems will not address topics which have been covered in other books, but will expect the reader to have some ability to discover the detailed usage of tools and to perform their own research. The focus of this volume is to provide a walk-through of the analysis process, with descriptions of the thought process and the analysis decisions made along the way. A must-have guide for those in the field of digital forensic analysis and incident response.Provides the reader with a detailed walk-through of the analysis process, with decision points along the way, assisting the user in understanding the resulting dataCoverage will include malware detection, user activity, and how to set up a testing environmentWritten at a beginner to intermediate level for anyone engaging in the field of digital forensic analysis and incident response

Charge and Energy Storage in Electrical Double Layers presents the basic scientific concepts and implementation of procedures devised to obtain capacitive energy from changes in the potential of electrical double layers when the salinity of solutions is changed. Capacitive deionization- the closely connected reciprocal process-is also considered. The book covers the fundamentals of electrical double layers and ions transport in porous media, the description of promising techniques of energy extraction, and the practical problems involved in each. It is written for scientists in academia and industry, and for graduate students working in supercapacitors, capacitive mixing and deionization.Provides a didactic presentation of the fundamentals of interface science involved in charge and energy storage processesPresents a pioneering overview of the application of the properties of solid/solution interfaces to desalination and energy extractionEdited by leading specialists with vast experience in the theory and experimental characterization of charged interfaces

Metal Oxides in Energy Technologies provides, for the first time, a look at the wide range of energy applications of metal oxides. Topics covered include metal oxides materials and their applications in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, and much more. The book is written by an experienced author of over 240 papers in peer-reviewed journals who was also been recognized as one of Thomson Reuter''s "World''s Most Influential Scientific Minds” in 2015. This book presents a unique work that is ideal for academic researchers and engineers.Presents an authoritative overview on metal oxides in energy technologies as written by an expert author who has published extensively in the areaOffers up-to-date coverage of a large, rapidly growing and complex literatureFocuses on applications, making it an ideal resource for those who want to apply this knowledge in industry

Incorporating relevant theory and research from psychology (social, cognitive, clinical, developmental, and personality), mass communication, and media studies, Psychological Processes in Social Media examines both the positive and negative psychological impact of social media use. The book covers a broad range of topics such as research methods, social influence and the viral spread of information, the use of social media in political movements, prosocial behavior, trolling and cyberbullying, friendship and romantic relationships, and much more. Emphasizing the integration of theory and application throughout, Psychological Processes in Social Media offers an illuminating look at the psychological implications and processes around the use of social media. Each chapter starts with a contemporary real world example illustrating the main point of the chapterIntegrates research from the psychological sciences, mass communication and media studiesExplores emotional contagion, memes, misinformation, aggression, social identity, and relationshipsIncludes sections on gender differences in social media useHighlights the positive and negative psychological impact of social media useCultural differences in social media use featured as a cross-cutting theme in the book

Tissue Elasticity Imaging: Volume Two: Clinical Applications offers an extensive treatment of the fundamentals and applications of this groundbreaking diagnostic modality. Techniques and results are presented for the assessment of breast, prostate, heart, liver and thyroid tissues. For each application, details are provided on how to perform each technique, along with methods of interpretation, diagnostic criteria, quality assurance, challenges and case studies. This book is an essential resource for all researchers and practitioners (including scientists, radiologists, urologists, fellows and residents) interested in any elasticity imaging modality. As many diseases, including cancers, alter tissue mechanical properties, it is not always possible for conventional methods to detect changes, but with elasticity images that are produced by slow tissue deformation or low-frequency vibration, these changes can be displayed. Offers the first comprehensive reference on elasticity imaging Discusses the fundamentals of technology and their limitations and solutions, along with advanced methods and future directions Addresses the technologies and applications useful to both researchers and clinical practitioners Includes an online reference section regularly updated with advances in technology and applications

Tissue Elasticity Imaging: Volume One: Theory and Methods offers an extensive treatment of the fundamentals and applications of this groundbreaking diagnostic modality. The book introduces elasticity imaging, its history, the fundamental physics, and the different elasticity imaging methods, along with their implementation details, problems and artefacts. It is an essential resource for all researchers and practitioners interested in any elasticity imaging modality. As many diseases, including cancers, alter tissue mechanical properties, it is not always possible for conventional methods to detect changes, but with elasticity images that are produced by slow tissue deformation or low-frequency vibration, these changes can be displayed.Offers the first comprehensive reference on elasticity imaging Discusses the fundamentals of technology and their limitations and solutions, along with advanced methods and future directions Addresses the technologies and applications useful to both researchers and clinical practitioners Includes an online reference section regularly updated with advances in technology and applications

Raw Milk: Balance Between Hazards and Benefits provides an in-depth nutritional and safety analysis of raw milk. This high-quality reference is comprised of contributions from global researchers highly specialized in the field. The book is divided into five sections that address the characteristics of raw milk, production guidelines and concerns, the benefits and hazards of raw milk, and the current market for raw milk. Topics include production physiology and microbiology, rules and guidelines for production, the world market for raw milk and its products, and consumer acceptance. A final section identifies future trends and research needs related to raw milk.Provides current information related to raw milk''s characteristicsPresents worldwide coverage of raw milk production and government guidelinesAddresses the benefits and hazards related to raw milk consumptionAnalyzes the worldwide economic impact of raw milk production and consumption

Hyphenations of Capillary Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry provides comprehensive coverage of capillary chromatography with mass spectrometry-both single and multidimensional approaches. The book examines nearly all capillary chromatography approaches, combined with a variety of MS forms, giving readers a wide and detailed view on current-day analytical strategies and applications. Of particular focus are novel developments in the field of MS, such as the Orbitrap, HR ToF, ToF MS with variable electron-impact energy, fast MS-MS and APGC technology. Junior scientists conducting research on mono-dimensional chromatography-MS fundamental relationships and experienced analytical chemists working in conventional capillary chromatography and classical multidimensional chromatography will find this an ideal application-based reference on the hyphenations of these domains.Combines mass spectrometry with a range of chromatographic approaches Emphasizes the importance of both capillary chromatography and mass spectrometry methods, thus stimulating separation scientists to fully exploit both analytical dimensions Authored by two of the world''s leading analytical chemists who have a total of more than 40 years of experience in research and instruction

Starches for Food Application: Chemical, Technological and Health Properties examines the scientific, technological and nutritional knowledge of different types of starches, including their production and application in food, health and the environment. The book covers the links between biosynthesis, structure and the environmental impact on processing and nutrition. In addition, it covers starch identification and evaluation methods, along with production methodologies for food application, new sources of starch, modified starches for food application, and the relationship between starch, nutrition and health.Covers all aspects of starch in relation to foods, i.e., from the production and modification of starch, to the function and application of starch in foodOffers a practical reference guide that compiles information on new sources of starch in food, starch application, modification and new starches for health benefitsBrings scientific, technological and nutritional knowledge of starch for food applications to bridge the gap between health and environment

The Technology of Wafers and Waffles: Recipes, Product Development and Knowhow is the definitive reference book addressing new product development in wafers and waffles. As a companion manual to The Technology of Wafers and Waffles: Operational Aspects, it provides a varied selection of recipes for different types of wafers, waffles, and fillings. This book discusses flat and shaped wafers, ice cream cones, cups, wafer reels, wafer sticks, stroop waffles, and North American frozen waffles. A separate chapter focuses on recipe calculations for wafer and waffle batters, doughs, and fillings, which allows estimating output, cost, and main nutrient content. Finally, there is also an overview on the patent and food science literature on wafers and waffles in chronological order.Brings a selection of recipes for different types of wafers, waffles, and fillings, along with information on relevant patents and literatureIncludes a chapter on recipe calculations for wafer and waffle batters, doughs and fillings, along with a glossary of terms in wafer and waffle science and technologyExplores recipe calculation for estimating cost and final composition in main nutrients for wafers and wafflesProvides tables that help keep nutrient targets during new product development processes

Nutritional and Health Aspects of Food in Nordic Countries provides an analysis of traditional and ethnic foods from the Nordic countries, including Norway (and Svalbard), Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands). The book addresses the history of use, origin, composition and preparation, ingredient origin, nutritional aspects, and the effects on health for various foods and food products in each of these countries. In addition, readers will find local and international regulations and suggestions on how to harmonize regulations to promote global availability of these foods.Provides insight into the varieties of food and food products available in the Nordic countriesPresents nutritional and health claims that are either based on opinion and/or experience, on scientific evidence, or on bothContains a framework to determine whether these northern European foods meet local and international regulatory requirementsOffers strategies to remedy those foods that do not meet local and international regulatory requirements

A tremendous amount of research has been performed looking at the relationship between personality and disease. Research on this topic has been spread throughout scientific journals on psychology, behavioral health, psychoneuroimmunology, oncology, and epidemiology. Personality and Disease brings this research together in one place for the first time. With contributions from world experts, the book summarizes research findings on personality as it relates to cancer, heart disease, diabetes, asthma and allergies, dementia, and more. Is there such a thing as a cancer- prone personality? Do sadness, anger, stress, or shyness affect the likelihood that we will fall ill to specific diseases? Can we protect ourselves from disease through a positive outlook? This book will address both what we know, and what we persist in believing despite evidence to the contrary, and why such beliefs persist in the face of evidence.Investigates whether and how personality affects disease generallyIncludes cancer, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, allergies, and dementiaSeparates fact from fiction, evidence from beliefsCollates research from a wide variety of scientific domainsContains international perspectives from top scholars

Forensic science has been under scrutiny for some time, since the release of the NAS report in 2009. The report cited the need for standardized practices and the accreditation of crime labs. No longer can the forensic community take the position that cross-examination in a courtroom will expose weaknesses in methodology and execution. Quality Management in Forensic Science covers a wide spectrum of forensic disciplines, relevant ISO and non-ISO standards, accreditation and quality management systems necessary in any forensic science laboratory. Written by a globally well-respected forensic scientist with decades of experience in the forensic science laboratory and on the stand, as an expert witness who is also a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. This book will be a must-have resource for all forensic science stakeholders, particularly law enforcement agents and lawyers less familiar with the impact of quality management on the reliability of scientific evidence. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary reference of scientific practices for use in the forensic laboratoryCoverage from DNA to toxicology, from trace evidence to crime scene and beyondExtensive review of ISO and non-ISO standards, accreditation, QMS and much moreWritten by a foremost forensic scientist with decades of experience in the laboratory and as an expert witness

Risk Assessment for Human Metal Exposures: Mode of Action and Kinetic Approaches examines the current principles of risk assessment in human metal exposures, with a focus on Mode of Action(MOA), Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic (TKTD) considerations, and computer models. Derived from the highly respected Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Fourth Edition (2014), the book summarizes principles and methods and provides examples of how MOA -TKTD can be used. In addition, it presents tactics on how information generated by such methods can be confirmed by epidemiological data. Furthermore, it demonstrates how epidemiological data can be confirmed and evaluated by the examined models and considerations. This resource uniquely integrates several important topics, such as risk assessment, characterization, management and communication-the classic risk assessment paradigm-with mode of action, TKTD, and epidemiology, all topics related to human exposure. Written by pioneers in the field, this book is an essential reference for researchers, students and technicians in toxicology and risk assessment.Covers fundamental risk assessment concerns for the effects of metals on human healthProvides an easy-to-use structure to quickly locate specific methods Uses case studies to illustrate the methods and theories describedWritten to be understood by students, researchers and industry workers who need to conduct risk assessment in metals and human health

Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security: Technology, Institutions and Policies explores the popular ''Food versus Fuel'' debates, discussing the complex relationship between the biofuel and agricultural markets. From the importance of bioenergy in the context of climate change, to the potentially positive environmental consequences of growing second generation biofuels crops, this book provides important insights into the impact of policy, the technical implementation and the resulting impact of biofuels. The discussion of existing issues hindering the growth of the cellulosic biofuel industry and their remedies are particularly relevant for policy makers and others associated with the biofuel industry. Transferring information on bioenergy economy through the discussion of the current and emerging biofuel market, country specific case studies explain the existing biofuel policy and its consequences to both the energy and agricultural markets. Economic simulation models explain the future of the bioenergy markets. Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security: Technology, Institutions and Policies is an invaluable resource to the students, scientific community, policy makers, and investors in the bioenergy industry. Students will benefit from a variety of perspectives on major societal questions in context of the interaction between food security and bioenergy. Its review of existing literature on the biofuel marker, investment opportunities, and energy independence provides a broad overview to allow informed decision making regarding the industry.Provides an integrated overview of the world biofuel market by country, including a summary of the existing biofuel policies, role of investment opportunities, and rural development potentialDiscusses the impact of biofuels on efforts by developing countries to become more energy self-sufficient Examines the environmental consequences of biomass-based biofuel use.

Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions provides readers with an understanding of thermodynamics and phase equilibria that is required to make full and efficient use of these tools. The book systematically discusses phase diagrams of all types, the thermodynamics behind them, their calculations from thermodynamic databases, and the structural models of solutions used in the development of these databases. Featuring examples from a wide range of systems including metals, salts, ceramics, refractories, and concentrated aqueous solutions, Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Modeling of Solutions is a vital resource for researchers and developers in materials science, metallurgy, combustion and energy, corrosion engineering, environmental engineering, geology, glass technology, nuclear engineering, and other fields of inorganic chemical and materials science and engineering. Additionally, experts involved in developing thermodynamic databases will find a comprehensive reference text of current solution models. Presents a rigorous and complete development of thermodynamics for readers who already have a basic understanding of chemical thermodynamicsProvides an in-depth understanding of phase equilibriaIncludes information that can be used as a text for graduate courses on thermodynamics and phase diagrams, or on solution modelingCovers several types of phase diagrams (paraequilibrium, solidus projections, first-melting projections, Scheil diagrams, enthalpy diagrams), and more

Up and Running with AutoCAD 2019: 2D Drafting and Design focuses on 2D drafting and design, making it more appropriate for a one-semester course. The book provides step-by-step instruction, examples and insightful explanations. From the beginning, the book emphasizes core concepts and the practical application of AutoCAD in engineering, architecture and design. Equally useful in instructor-led classroom training, self-study, or as a professional reference, the book is written with the user in mind by a long-time AutoCAD professional and instructor based on what works in the industry and the classroom.Strips away complexities and reduces AutoCAD to easy-to-understand, basic conceptsTeaches the essentials of operating AutoCAD first, immediately building student confidenceDocuments commands in a step-by-step explanation, including what the student needs to type in and how AutoCAD responds Includes new exercises and projects for the AutoCAD 2019 versionOffers online bonus content on AutoCAD 3D basics