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Classification Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Computer Aided Diagnosis covers the most current advances on how to apply classification techniques to a wide variety of clinical applications that are appropriate for researchers and biomedical engineers in the areas of machine learning, deep learning, data analysis, data management and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems design. The book covers several complex image classification problems using pattern recognition methods, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Bayesian Networks (BN) and deep learning. Further, numerous data mining techniques are discussed, as they have proven to be good classifiers for medical images. Examines the methodology of classification of medical images that covers the taxonomy of both supervised and unsupervised models, algorithms, applications and challengesDiscusses recent advances in Artificial Neural Networks, machine learning, and deep learning in clinical applicationsIntroduces several techniques for medical image processing and analysis for CAD systems design

Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels addresses advanced technologies for converting waste to biofuels and value-added products. Biovalorisation has several advantages over conventional bioremediation processes as it helps reduce the costs of bioprocesses. Examples are provided of several successfully commercialized technologies, giving insight into developing, potential processes for biovalorisation of different wastes. Different bioprocess strategies are discussed for valorising the wastes coming from the leather industry, olive oil industry, pulp and paper, winery, textile, and food industries, as well as aquaculture. A section on biorefinery for hydrocarbons and emerging contaminants is included to cover concepts on biodesulfurization of petroleum wastes, leaching of heavy metals from E - waste, and bioelectrochemical processes for CO2. Chapters on algal biorefinery are also included to focus on the technologies for conversion of CO2 sequestration and wastewater utilization. Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels can be used as course material for graduate students in chemical engineering, chemistry, and biotechnology, and as a reference for industrial professionals and researchers who want to gain a basic understanding on the subject.Covers a wide range of topics, from the conversion of wastes to organic acids, biofuels, biopolymers and industrially relevant productsBridges the gap between academics and industryWritten in a lucid and self-explanatory styleIncludes activities/quiz/critical questions

Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease will provide a review of the current state of understanding of mechanobiology and its role in health and disease. It covers: Current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, A review of diseases that with known or purported mechanobiological underpinnings; The role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; Experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena; Computational models in mechanobiology. Presents our current understanding of the main molecular pathways by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuliProvides a review of diseases with known or purported mechanobiological underpinningsIncludes the role of mechanobiology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicineCovers experimental methods to capture mechanobiological phenomena

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 63, covers the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques that have made it possible to rapidly isolate and determine the structures and biological activity of natural products. The book highlights these new and exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. As natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects, this book is an ideal resource on the material presented. Focuses on the chemistry of bioactive natural productsContains contributions by leading authorities in the fieldPresents sources of new pharmacophores

Power: Police Officer Wellness, Ethics, and Resilience collectively presents the numerous psychic wounds experienced by peace officers in the line of duty, including compassion fatigue, moral injury, PTSD, operational stress injury, organizational and operational stress, and loss. Authors describe the negative repercussions of these psychic wounds in law enforcement decision-making, job performance, job satisfaction, and families. The book encompasses evidence-based strategies to assist law enforcement agencies in developing policy programs to promote wellness for their personnel. The evidence-based techniques presented allow officers to get a more tangible and better understanding of the techniques so that they apply those techniques when on and off-duty. This book is an excellent resource for police professionals, police wellness coordinators, early career researchers, mental health professionals who provide services to law enforcement officers and their families, and graduate students in psychology, forensic psychology, and criminal justice.Provides reader with evidence-based strategies to promote officer wellnessCovers compassion fatigue, moral injury, PTSD, operational stress, and moreWritten by established scholars and professionals from a law enforcement context

Smart Nanoconcretes and Cement-Based Materials: Properties, Modelling and Applications explores the fundamental concepts and applications of smart nanoconcretes with self-healing, self-cleaning, photocatalytic, antibacterial, piezoelectrical, heating and conducting properties and how they are used in modern high-rise buildings, hydraulic engineering, highways, tunnels and bridges. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists and civil engineers who are looking to enhance the properties of smart nanomaterials to create stronger, more durable concrete.Explores the mechanisms through which active agents are released from nanocontainers inside concreteShows how embedded smart nanosensors, including carbon cement-based smart sensors and micro/nano strain-sensors, are used to increase concrete performanceDiscusses the major challenges of integrating smart nanomaterials into concrete composites

Social Impacts of Smart Grids: The Future of Smart Grids and Energy Market Design explores the significant, unexplored societal consequences of our meteoric evolution towards intelligent, responsive and sustainable power generation and distribution systems-the so-called ''smart grid''. These consequences include new patterns of consumption behavior, systems planning under increasing uncertainty, and the ever- growing complexities involved. The work covers the historical impact of the transformation, examines the changing role of production and consumption behavior, articulates the principles and options for socially responsible smart grid power market design, and explores social acceptance of the smart grid. Where relevant, it examines adjacent literatures from P2P electricity markets, electric vehicles, smart homes and smart cities, and related ''internet of energy'' developments. Finally, it provides insights into mitigating the likely social consequences of our integrated low-carbon energy future.Evaluates the connections between the concept of sustainability and the social impacts of the smart gridsAnalyzes emerging trends in smart grids connected with trends towards the sharing economyInvestigates environmental degradation awareness and environmental stewardship goals associated with smart gridsExplores how to mitigate social challenges with effective smart grid power market designIntegrates energy stewardship and social acceptance literatures into the discussion of the smart grid

Energy Transformation towards Sustainability explores how researchers, businesses and policymakers can explore and usefully improve energy systems and energy consumption behavior, both to reflect the reality of climate change and related environmental degradation and to adapt to the expanding periphery of renewable energy technologies. It introduces the reader to a suite of potential policy pathways to the necessary transformation in societal energy consumption, usage and behavior. Solutions discussed include energy efficiency, energy security, the role of political leadership, green public policy, and the transition to renewable energy sources. International contributions address the range and depth of current research from a position of advocacy for ''energy stewardship'' as the driver of this transformation. Case studies illustrate the range of various countries to diminish energy use. Finally, policy avenues are covered in depth.Reviews the interrelationship between economic growth, energy consumption and climate changeUses a wide variety of case studies to support practical implementation across national energy systemsHighlights a wide spectrum of urgent issues, including threats related to energy use and secure and sustainable developmentContains contributions that reflect a breadth and depth of scholarship from international backgrounds

Two Dimensional Nanostructures for Biomedical Technology: A Bridge between Materials Science and Bioengineering helps researchers to understand the promising aspects of two dimensional nanomaterials. Sections cover the biomedical applications of such nanostructures in terms of their precursors, structures, morphology and size. Further, detailed synthetic methodologies guide the reader towards the efficient generation of two dimensional nanostructures. The book encompasses the vital aspects of two dimensional nanomaterials in context of their utility in biomedical technology, thus presenting a thorough guide for researchers in this area. Details the latest on the structure, morphology and shape-size accords of two dimensional nanomaterialsIncludes synthetic strategies with feasibility for sustainabilityReports on two dimensional nanostructures in biomedical technology, including bio-imaging, biosensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering

Elements of Numerical Mathematical Economics with Excel: Static and Dynamic Optimization shows readers how to apply static and dynamic optimization theory in an easy and practical manner, without requiring the mastery of specific programming languages that are often difficult and expensive to learn. Featuring user-friendly numerical discrete calculations developed within the Excel worksheets, the book includes key examples and economic applications solved step-by-step and then replicated in Excel. After introducing the fundamental tools of mathematical economics, the book explores the classical static optimization theory of linear and nonlinear programming, applying the core concepts of microeconomics and some portfolio theory. This provides a background for the more challenging worksheet applications of the dynamic optimization theory. The book also covers special complementary topics such as inventory modelling, data analysis for business and economics, and the essential elements of Monte Carlo analysis. Practical and accessible, Elements of Numerical Mathematical Economics with Excel: Static and Dynamic Optimization increases the computing power of economists worldwide. This book is accompanied by a companion website that includes Excel examples presented in the book, exercises, and other supplementary materials that will further assist in understanding this useful framework.Explains how Excel provides a practical numerical approach to optimization theory and analyticsIncreases access to the economic applications of this universally-available, relatively simple software programEncourages readers to go to the core of theoretical continuous calculations and learn more about optimization processes

Ecophysiology of Pesticides: Interface between Pesticide Chemistry and Plant Physiology is the first comprehensive overview of the physical impact of this increasingly complex environmental challenge. Designed to offer state-of-the-art knowledge, the book covers pesticide usage and its consequences on the ecophysiology of plants. It includes the challenge of policymaking in pesticide consumption and a risk analysis of conventional and modern approaches on standard usage. In addition, it summarizes research reports pertaining to the physio-ecological effects of pesticides, discusses the environmental risks associated with the over-utilization of pesticides, and covers pesticide usage on the micro-flora and rhizosphere. This book is a valuable reference for plant ecologists, plant biochemists and chemists who want to study pesticide consumption and its biochemical and physiological evaluation effects on plants. It will also be of immense help to university and college teachers and students of environmental biotechnology, environmental botany and plant ecophysiology. Contains comprehensive coverage of topics on pesticides, environmental ecology and strategies for pesticide controlPresents all data available on the intensification of pesticide stress on non-target organismsIncludes an appendix of products containing active ingredients

Multi-robot Exploration for Environmental Monitoring: The Resource Constrained Perspective provides readers with the necessary robotics and mathematical tools required to realize the correct architecture. The architecture discussed in the book is not confined to environment monitoring, but can also be extended to search-and-rescue, border patrolling, crowd management and related applications. Several law enforcement agencies have already started to deploy UAVs, but instead of using teleoperated UAVs this book proposes methods to fully automate surveillance missions. Similarly, several government agencies like the US-EPA can benefit from this book by automating the process. Several challenges when deploying such models in real missions are addressed and solved, thus laying stepping stones towards realizing the architecture proposed. This book will be a great resource for graduate students in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Robotics, Machine Learning and Mechatronics.Analyzes the constant conflict between machine learning models and robot resourcesPresents a novel range estimation framework tested on real robots (custom built and commercially available)

Artificial Intelligence for Computational Modeling of the Heart presents recent research developments towards streamlined and automatic estimation of the digital twin of a patient''s heart by combining computational modeling of heart physiology and artificial intelligence. The book first introduces the major aspects of multi-scale modeling of the heart, along with the compromises needed to achieve subject-specific simulations. Reader will then learn how AI technologies can unlock robust estimations of cardiac anatomy, obtain meta-models for real-time biophysical computations, and estimate model parameters from routine clinical data. Concepts are all illustrated through concrete clinical applications.Presents recent advances in computational modeling of heart function and artificial intelligence technologies for subject-specific applicationsDiscusses AI-based technologies for robust anatomical modeling from medical images, data-driven reduction of multi-scale cardiac models, and estimations of physiological parameters from clinical dataIllustrates the technology through concrete clinical applications and discusses potential impacts and next steps needed for clinical translation

Herbal, Bio-nutrient and Drug Titration According to Disease Stages in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, the first volume in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, provides a comprehensive guide to improving outcomes with cardiovascular medicine therapy options. Coverage includes the three types of medicines used in disease stage treatment, Chinese medicine, nutritional supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. All sections are organized according to drug class in western medicine and chapters in each section are organized according to disease stage, providing ease in navigation and reference within the book. This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and western medicine as well as provide a clear, structured base to guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration between Chinese and Western medicine practitioners.Integrates Western and Chinese Medicine for a realistic and complete scope of cardiology treatment, establishing the basis for standardization and rationale of inclusion of Traditional Chinese Medicine in cardiologyPresents a structure for prescribing herbal formulas and nutritional supplements with or without pharmaceutical drugsExamines diet and lifestyle according to constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine to prevent the progression of disease and/or maintain health before or after chronic stages

Mechanisms of Action in Disease and Recovery in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, volume six in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, presents the structure, function and pathology of the cardiovascular system from Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine perspectives. Sections discuss cardiac acu-anatomy, including cardiac cells and heart structure, gastrointestinal cells and mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine structures, and more, while other chapters cover the qi, yin and yang roles in cardiac rhythm and pumping actions and the pathology of the heart and vascular system and the zang and fu relationship with other body organs. This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base that will guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration between Chinese and Western medicine practitioners. Provides evidence for the mainstreaming of acu-meridian theory and pathophysiologyExplores the detailed connection between heart dysfunction and the disease mechanisms of other organ systemsCombines western medicine anatomy and pathophysiology with TCM aspects of essence, qi, blood and body fluid concept, production and function to explain the cardiovascular system dysfunction, it''s independent role and dependent interactions with the functions of other organ systems

Advanced Hematology in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, volume three in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, systematically observes and discusses laboratory tests which detect heart diseases and analyzes the results. It includes coverage of red and white blood cell homeostasis and advanced anatomy and physiology of the vascular system, including the biomedicine perspectives of blood and lymphatic system, and TCM perspectives of essence, qi, blood and body fluid. In addition, the book examines the immune system from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including pestilential differentiation. Case studies, lab charts and laboratory differentials according to Chinese and Western medicine perspectives are also included. Finally, the book discusses the use of lab results for assisting and/or confirming diagnoses of blood and cardiovascular disorders in both Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine. This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base to guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration.Compares medical theories in Chinese medicine and Western medicine on blood, immune system and cardiovascular diseasesProvides laboratory cases, tests and values concerning pathology of the blood and the cardiovascular system necessary for diagnosing and monitoring within integrative cardiovascular Chinese medicineIncludes coverage of advanced level blood, complement and immune systems from both Western and Chinese medicine perspectives

Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production explores the technological opportunities and challenges involved in producing economically competitive algal-derived biofuel. The book discusses efficient methods for cultivation, improvement of harvesting and lipid extraction techniques, optimization of conversion/production processes of fuels and co-products, the integration of microalgae biorefineries to several industries, environmental resilience by microalgae, and a techno-economic and lifecycle analysis of the production chain to gain maximum benefits from microalgae biorefineries.Provides an overview of the whole production chain of microalgal biofuels and other bioproductsPresents an analysis of the economic and sustainability aspects of the production chainExamines the integration of microalgae biorefineries into several industries

Single-cell Omics, Volume 2: Advances in Applications provides the latest single-cell omics applications in the field of biomedicine. The advent of omics technologies have enabled us to identify the differences between cell types and subpopulations at the level of the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, and in several other fields of omics. The book is divided into two sections: the first is dedicated to biomedical applications, such as cell diagnostics, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), circulating tumor cells, breast cancer, gliomas, nervous systems and autoimmune disorders, and more. The second focuses on cell omics in plants, discussing micro algal and single cell omics, and more. This book is a valuable source for bioinformaticians, molecular diagnostic researchers, clinicians and several members of biomedical field interested in understanding more about single-cell omics and its potential for research and diagnosis. Covers the diverse single cell omics applications in the biomedical fieldSummarizes the latest progress in single cell omics and discusses potential future developments for research and diagnosisWritten by experts across the world, it brings different points-of-view and study cases to fully give a comprehensive overview of the topic

Carbohydrate chemistry provides access to carbohydrate-based natural products and synthetic molecules as useful biologically active structures relevant to many health care and disease-related biological processes. Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Carbohydrates covers green and sustainable reactions, organometallic carbohydrate chemistry, synthesis of glycomimetics, multicomponent reactions, and chemical transformations leading to molecular diversity based on carbohydrates. These include inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase, which are relevant in controlling type 2 diabetes and sugar sulfates. Polysaccharides, which are commonly modified chemically, are also examined with contributions covering polysaccharide synthesis and modification of polysaccharides to obtain new structures and properties. Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Carbohydrates is ideal for researchers working as synthetic organic chemists, and for those interested in biomolecular chemistry, green chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and material chemistry in academia as well as in industry Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrate chemistry as green and sustainable chemistryDetails monosaccharide syntheses and transformations toward biologically active small molecular entitiesProvides the most recent findings on polysaccharide synthesis and bioapplications

Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Electrolytes, Electrodes and Interconnects introduces the fundamental principles of intermediate solid oxide fuel cells technology. It provides the reader with a broad understanding and practical knowledge of the electrodes, pyrochlore/perovskite/oxide electrolytes and interconnects which form the backbone of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) unit. Opening with an introduction to the thermodynamics, physiochemical and electrochemical behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), the book also discusses specific materials, including low temperature brownmillerites and aurivillius electrolytes, as well as pyrochlore interconnects. This book analyzes the basic concepts, providing cutting-edge information for both researchers and students. It is a complete reference for Intermediate Solid Oxide Fuel Cells technology that will be a vital resource for those working in materials science, fuel cells and solid state chemistry.Provides a single source of information on glass, electrolytes, interconnects, vanadates, pyrochlores and perovskite SOFCIncludes illustrations that provide a clear visual explanation of concepts being discussed Progresses from a discussion of basic concepts that will enable readers to easily comprehend the subject matter

Space Science and Public Engagement: 21st Century Perspectives and Opportunities critically examines the many dimensions of public engagement with space science by exploring case studies that show a spectrum of public engagement formats, ranging from the space science community''s efforts to communicate developments to the public, to citizenry attempting to engage with space science issues. It addresses why public engagement is important to space science experts, what approaches they take, how public engagement varies locally, nationally and internationally, and what roles "non-experts" have played in shaping space science. Space scientists, outreach specialists in various scientific disciplines, policymakers and citizens interested in space science will find great insights in this book that will help inform their future engagement strategies.Critically examines how expert organizations and the space science community have sought to bring space science to the publicExamines how the public has responded, and in some cases self-organized, to opportunities to contribute to space scienceOutlines future engagement interests and possibilities

Self-Healing Composite Materials: From Designs to Applications provides a unique resource on self-healing composites for materials scientists and engineers in academia, as well as researchers involved in the aerospace, automotive, wind-generation, construction, consumer goods and marine industries. There is a huge demand for self-healing composites that respond to their environment like living matter. Unlike other composites, self-healing composites are combined with carbon materials and resins to form a recoverable composite material. This book covers the manufacturing, design and characterization of self-healing composites, including their morphological, structural, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The title begins with mathematical background and then considers innovative approaches to physical modeling, analysis and design techniques, providing a robust knowledge of modern self-healing composites with commercial applications.Covers composite fabrication from polymer, nano oxides, epoxy and plasticsGives detailed examples on how self-healing composites may be usedProvides readers with a robust knowledge of self-healing compositesPresents a unified approach to these human-friendly, commercially valuable materials

Urban Freight Transportation Systems offers new insights into the complexities of today''s urban freight transport system. It provides a much needed multidisciplinary perspective from researchers in not only transportation, but also engineering, business management, planning and the law. The book examines numerous critical issues, such as strategies for delivery, logistics and freight transport spatial patterns, urban policy assessment, innovative transportation technologies, urban hubs, and the role factories play in the urban freight transport system. The book offers a novel conceptual approach for addressing the problems of production, logistics and traffic in an urban context. As most of the world''s population now live in cities, thus significantly increasing commercial traffic, there are numerous challenges for efficiently and sustainably delivering goods into cities. This book provides solutions and tactics to those challenges. Includes interdisciplinary contributors from around the globe Provides never-before-published original research to help users stay current and develop a deeper understanding of the fieldPresents the methods and results of research that is useful for both academics and practitioners

Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome covers the latest research on the biological, motivational, cognitive, situational, and dispositional factors that drive activity-travel behavior. Organized into three sections, Retrospective and Prospective Survey of Travel Behavior Research, New Research Methods and Findings, and Future Research, the chapters of this book provide evidence of progress made in the most recent years in four dimensions of the travel behavior genome. These dimensions are Substantive Problems, Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks, Behavioral Measurement, and Behavioral Analysis. Including the movement of goods as well as the movement of people, the book shows how traveler values, norms, attitudes, perceptions, emotions, feelings, and constraints lead to observed behavior; how to design efficient infrastructure and services to meet tomorrow''s needs for accessibility and mobility; how to assess equity and distributional justice; and how to assess and implement policies for improving sustainability and quality of life. Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome examines the paradigm shift toward more dynamic, user-centric, demand-responsive transport services, including the "sharing economy," mobility as a service, automation, and robotics. This volume provides research directions to answer behavioral questions emerging from these upheavals.Offers a wide variety of approaches from leading travel behavior researchers from around the worldProvides a complete map of the methods, skills, and knowledge needed to work in travel behaviorDescribes the state of the art in travel behavior research, providing key directions for future research

Semi-Lagrangian Advection Methods and Their Applications in Geoscience provides a much-needed resource on semi-Lagrangian theory, methods, and applications. Covering a variety of applications, the book brings together developments of the semi-Lagrangian in one place and offers a comparison of semi-Lagrangian methods with Eulerian-based approaches. It also includes a chapter dedicated to difficulties of dealing with the adjoint of semi-Lagrangian methods and illustrates the behavior of different schemes for different applications. This allows for a better understanding of which schemes are most efficient, stable, consistent, and likely to introduce the minimum model error into a given problem. Beneficial for students learning about numerical approximations to advection, researchers applying these techniques to geoscientific modeling, and practitioners looking for the best approach for modeling, Semi-Lagrangian Advection Methods and Their Applications in Geoscience fills a crucial gap in numerical modeling and data assimilation in geoscience.Provides a single resource for understanding semi-Lagrangian methods and what is involved in its application Includes exercises and codes to supplement learning and create opportunities for practice Includes coverage of adjoints, examining the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches in multiple coordinate systems and different discretizations Includes links to numerical datasets and animations to further enhance understanding

Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Life Sciences: Principles and Applications is a systematic introduction to this rapidly expanding area of study. Underlying principles of each technique are explained in detail, along with discussions on their applications across life science disciplines. Ambient ionization has recently emerged as one of the hottest and fastest growing topics in mass spectrometry, hence this book is not just for analysts and researchers who use and study mass spectrometry. This volume would be of interest to anyone who works in or studies analytical chemistry, omics sciences (including metabolomics), pharmacokinetics, forensic science or drug analysis.Covers the most up-to-date techniques, including DART, DCBI, DESI, PESI, PSI, REIMS and laser-based ambient ionizationIncludes easy-to-understand pros and cons of each ionization technique to aid in decision-makingProvides plentiful examples of life science applications

Extractive Metallurgy of Titanium: Conventional and Recent Advances in Extraction and Production of Titanium Metal contains information on current and developing processes for the production of titanium. The methods for producing Ti metal are grouped into two categories, including the reduction of TiCl4 and the reduction of TiO2, with their processes classified as either electrochemical or thermochemical. Descriptions of each method or process include both the fundamental principles of the method and the engineering challenges in their practice. In addition, a review of the chemical and physical characteristics of the product produced by each method is included. Sections cover the purity of titanium metal produced based on ASTM and other industry standards, energy consumption, cost and the potential environmental impacts of the processes.Provides information on new and developing low cost, high integrity methods for titanium metal productionDiscusses new markets for titanium due to the decreased cost of newly developed processesCovers specific information on new methods, including the chemical and physical characteristics produced

Valorization of Fruit Processing By-products covers the most recent advances in the field of fruit processing by-products following sustainability principles. The urgent need for sustainability within the food industry necessitates research to investigate the handling of by-products with another perspective, e.g. by adapting more profitable options. This book covers the latest developments in this particular direction. It promotes success stories and solutions that ensure the sustainable management of different fruit processing by-products (namely apple, apricot, avocado, Castanea sativa, citrus, date, mango, melon, passion fruit, pineapple, pink guava, pomegranate and watermelon), giving emphasis on the recovery of polyphenols, antioxidants and dietary fiber. Written by a team of experts in food processing and engineering, chemistry and food waste, this title is the definite guide for all the involved partners, engineers, professionals and producers active in the field.Explores fruit processing techniques, scale up limitations and economical evaluation for each source of fruit processing by-productDiscusses the valorization of by-products derived from different fruitsFeatures the following fruits, including apple, avocado, chestnut, citrus, date, mango, melon and watermelon, passion fruit, pineapple, pink guava and pomegranate

Renewable energy sources (RES) are one of the important instruments that human beings can use to tackle problems created by climate change. We expect a quick expansion of RES in the next few years. One important new technology is the floating photovoltaic (FPV) which is at its very beginning but which after only 10 years from its first proposal has already reached the target of 2 GWp of plants installed. This book explores the reasons for such growth and the advantages of this new technology. FPV plants are easily integrated into any human settlements and can use available fresh water as well as salt water near coastal areas. So their geographic potential is unlimited. Furthermore, their environmental impact is limited and the managing and decommissioning of plants are very cheap. The book offers a perspective on the many facets of this technology as well as an analysis of the economic aspect and of the final electricity cost which in a short time will go down to less than 50 $ per MWh. Contributions from different authors have helped in sectors such as the raft structure, the wave impact, and the environment problems. Investigates the installation of photovoltaic systems over the water''s surfaceOffers theoretical and practical explanations on how to study, analyze and design photovoltaic energy systemsConsiders how the use of floating photovoltaic systems can work to fulfill domestic energy demand