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Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. The World Health Organization reports that in 2016, nearly 2 billion adults were overweight and that worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Obesity: Global Impact and Epidemiology is an important tool in proving a link to new knowledge, serving researchers and clinicians. The field of obesity is evolving very quickly and there is an abundance of scientific data that has emerged and is emerging constantly. Researchers and physicians need new updated information about the epidemiology and global impact of obesity that come from authors that have a wide perspective in the field. For health professionals and researchers, there is a need to understand how obesity begins. While a simple question, the answer is very complex. Serves as a starting point for in-depth discussions in academic settings, leading to revised and updated treatment options for practicing obesity-treatment specialistsOffers practical information about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesityUpdated important source of information for clinicians and scientists in the field of obesity

Smart Cities for Technological and Social Innovation establishes a key theoretical framework to understand the implementation and development of smart cities as innovation drivers, in terms of lasting impacts on productivity, livability and sustainability of specific initiatives. This framework is based on empirical analysis of 12 case studies, including pioneer projects from Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and more. It explores how successful smart cities initiatives nurture both technological and social innovation using a combination of regulatory governance and private agency. Typologies of smart city-making approaches are explored in depth. Integrative analysis identifies key success factors in establishing innovation relating to the effectiveness of social systems, institutional thickness, governance, the role of human capital, and streamlining funding of urban development projects. Cases from a range of geographies, scales, social and economic contextsExplores how smart cities can promote technological and social innovation in terms of direct impacts on livability, productivity and sustainabilityEstablishes an integrative framework based on empirical evidence to develop more innovative smart city initiativesInvestigates the role of governments in coordinating, fostering and guiding innovations resulting from smart city developmentsInterrogates the policies and governance structures which have been effective in supporting the development and deployment of smart cities

Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles, Second Edition, features the requirements for processing each material type, explains the manufacture of different categories of components, and analyzes different component joining techniques. The properties of all materials, metals, polymers and composites currently used are included along with how each one influences structural design. The new edition also contains refinements to manufacturing processes in particular hot stamping of boron steel and aluminum alloy, and new chapters on designing lightweight automotive structures & lightweight materials for powertrains and electric vehicles. With its distinguished editor and renowned team of contributors, this is a standard reference for practicing engineers involved in the design and material selection for motor vehicle bodies and components as well as material scientists, environmental scientists, policy makers, car companies and automotive component manufacturers. Fully updated including emphasis on optimized production methods for steels, aluminum alloys, polymers and polymer compositeCovers aspects related to the production of environmentally acceptable leading-edge automobilesExplores the manufacturing process for light alloys including metal forming processes for automotive applications as well as new developments in steel technology that are making advanced high strength steels more attractive for lightweight vehicles

Analytical Pyrolysis of Natural Organic Polymers, Second Edition, Volume 20  describes the methodology of analytical pyrolysis, the results of pyrolysis for a variety of biopolymers, and several practical applications of analytical pyrolysis on natural organic polymers and their composite materials. The book describes the results of pyrolysis for biopolymers and some chemically modified natural organic polymers. In addition, the many applications of analytical pyrolysis are covered in detail, including topics such as polymer detection used in forensic science, structure elucidation of specific polymers, and identification of small molecules present in polymers (anti-oxidants, plasticizers, etc.). Assembles all essential information on the pyrolysis of natural polymers in one volume, together with the techniques and instrumentation usedCovers advances and developments over the last 20 years, including discussions on the many different types of apparatus commercially availableIncludes reference lists in every chapter to guide readers on a path to further study

Nanoporous Materials for Molecule Separation and Conversion cover the topic with sections on nanoporous material synthesis and characterization, nanoporous materials for molecule separation, and nanoporous materials for energy storage and renewable energy. Typical nanoporous materials including carbon, zeolite, silica and metal-organic frameworks and their applications in molecule separation and energy related applications are covered. In addition, the fundamentals of molecule adsorption and molecule transport in nanoporous materials are also included, providing readers with a stronger understanding of the principles and topics covered. This is an important reference for anyone exploring nanoporous materials, including researchers and postgraduate students in materials science and chemical engineering. In addition, it is ideal for industry professionals working on a wide range of applications for nanoporous materials.Outlines the fundamental principles of nanoporous materials designExplores the application of nanoporous materials in important areas such as molecule separation and energy storageGives real-life examples of how nanoporous materials are used in a variety of industry sector

Performance Evaluation: The Science of Multidimensional Risk Measurement, Second Edition, presents an updated, comprehensive exploration of portfolio evaluation. Based on the authors' Performance Evaluation and Attribution of Security Portfolios (2012) this Second Edition adds four new chapters and updated content throughout in its practical approach to measuring manager skills and using recent statistical techniques to solve investment problems. Added are new factor models, including the newly developed q-factor model and the new models of Fama and French; new examples; and new work on qualitative considerations used in performance evaluation. Highly detailed, Performance Evaluation: The Science of Multidimensional Risk Measurement, Second Edition, combines academic rigor with practical applications and guidance for applications of diverse approaches.

Ecosystem and Territorial Resilience: A Geoprospective Approach provides a full review of the geoprospective approach and how it can be used in planning for and implementing environmental and territorial resilience measures. The geoprospective approach is a way to predict and assess for future risks, and is a comprehensive method for identifying and addressing potential change impacts. In addition to the main concepts and methods of this approach, the book presents applications and case studies for different spatio-temporal scales and problems related to the degradation of socio-ecosystems, as well as applying the geoprospective approach to environmental and urban planning. The book offers an interdisciplinary perspective, tying in concepts and techniques from geography, including spatial analysis methods, modelling, and GIS, to address issues of ecological impacts of climate change, urban risk and resilience, land use changes, coastal impacts, and sustainable development and potential of adaptability. This book is a unique and integral resource for policy makers, environmental and territorial managers, scientists, engineers, consultants, and graduate students interested in anticipating future change in socio-ecosystems. . Introduces the geoprospective approach to assess the impact of global changes on socio-ecosystems, and potential risk situations for ecosystems and society . Includes geographical techniques such as spatial analysis methods, modeling, and GIS to address various climate change issues and to detect vulnerabilities vs adaptive capacities of spatial systems . Provides case studies as well as interviews with planners and policy makers regarding their views on territorial planning and expectations of the geoprospective

Pulse Foods: Processing, Quality and Nutraceutical Applications, Second Edition, provides up-to-date information on emerging technologies for the processing of whole pulses, techniques for fractionating pulses into ingredients, their functional and nutritional properties, as well as their potential applications, so that the food industry can incorporate pulses into new food products. Since the first edition, significant developments have occurred in various aspects of pulse, pulse chemistry, processing and applications. This second edition provides thorough and authoritative coverage of pulse quality, technology and nutraceutical applications. Pulse Foods: Processing, Quality and Nutraceutical Applications, Second Edition, will continue to be an important resource for academics, students, researchers and industry professionals in providing essential details on various aspects of pulse foods. Fully revised and updated with new chapters on nutritional and health properties, storage and pre-processing, extraction technologies and sustainability topicsAddresses processing challenges relevant to legume and pulse grain processorsDelivers insights into the current state-of-art and emerging processing technologiesIn depth coverage of developments in nutraceutical applications of pulse protein and carbohydrate based foods

Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: Its Future Management is a much-needed text for water resources managers, water, catchment, estuarine and coastal scientists, and aquatic ecologists. The book first provides a summary of the Murray-Darling River system: its hydrology, water-related ecological assets, land uses (particularly irrigation), and its rural and regional communities; and management within the Basin, including catchments and natural resources, water resources, irrigation, environment, and monitoring and evaluation. Additionally, the recent major water reforms in the Basin are discussed, with a focus particularly on the development and implementation of the Basin Plan. Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: Its Future Management then provides an analysis of the next set of policy and institutional reforms (environmental, social, cultural and economic) needed to ensure the Basin is managed as an integrated system (including its water resources, catchment and estuary) capable of adapting to future changes. Six major challenges facing the Basin are identified and discussed, particularly within the context of predicted changes to the climate leading to an increased frequency of drought and a hotter and dryer future. Finally, a ''road map'' or ''blueprint'' to achieve more integrated management of the Basin is provided, together with some ''key lessons'' of relevance to others involved in the management of multijurisdictional river Basins. Provides a consolidated account of the Murray-Darling Basin system; an area of global relevance to those interested in rebalancing river systems where the water resources have been over allocated Offers a detailed analysis of the current system and its management, with a focus on water and ecosystem managementDiscusses a number of key challenges, particularly those related to climate change, facing future reforms to the Murray-Darling Basin PlanProvides a blueprint for changes needed to ensure the Basin is managed as an integrated whole (from catchment to coast)

The Human Microbiome in Early Life: Implications to Health and Disease presents recent research advances that have highlighted the significance of early life, possibly beginning before birth, in the establishment of both the microbiome and its role in health and disease. The book reviews current knowledge on the origins of the human microbiota in early life, presents exposures which may disturb normal microbial colonization, and covers their implications to the risk of disease. Finally, emerging means to modify the early human microbiome to improve health are discussed. Examines the timeline of the human microbiome, from before conception to infancy, with an emphasis on clinical implicationsEvaluates the effort to understand not only the composition but also the origin of the microbiomeProves the emerging means to modify the human microbiome and particularly ''the first 1000 days of life'' improve human health and prevent diseaseGenerates resources to facilitate characterization of the human microbiota to further our understanding of how the microbiome impacts human health and disease

Mathematical and numerical modelling of engineering problems in medicine is aimed at unveiling and understanding multidisciplinary interactions and processes and providing insights useful to clinical care and technology advances for better medical equipment and systems. When modelling medical problems, the engineer is confronted with multidisciplinary problems of electromagnetism, heat and mass transfer, and structural mechanics with, possibly, different time and space scales, which may raise concerns in formulating consistent, solvable mathematical models. Computational Medical Engineering presents a number of engineering for medicine problems that may be encountered in medical physics, procedures, diagnosis and monitoring techniques, including electrical activity of the heart, hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methods. The authors discuss the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling (e.g., criteria for well-posed problems); physics scaling (homogenization techniques); Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows; computational domain construction (CAD and, or reconstruction techniques based on medical images); numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results. In addition, new ideas and venues to investigate and understand finer scale models and merge them into continuous media medical physics are provided as case studies. Presents the fundamentals of mathematical and numerical modeling of engineering problems in medicineDiscusses many of the most common modelling scenarios for Biomedical Engineering, including, electrical activity of the heart hemodynamic activity monitoring, magnetic drug targeting, bioheat models and thermography, RF and microwave hyperthermia, ablation, EMF dosimetry, and bioimpedance methodsIncludes discussion of the core approach methodology to pose and solve different problems of medical engineering, including essentials of mathematical modelling, physics scaling, Constructal Law criteria in morphing shape and structure of systems with internal flows, computational domain construction, numerical modelling issues, and validation techniques used to ascertain numerical simulation results

Backstepping Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems addresses both the fundamentals of backstepping control and advances in the field. The latest techniques explored include ''active backstepping control'', ''adaptive backstepping control'', ''fuzzy backstepping control'' and ''adaptive fuzzy backstepping control''. The reference book provides numerous simulations using MATLAB and circuit design. These illustrate the main results of theory and applications of backstepping control of nonlinear control systems. Backstepping control encompasses varied aspects of mechanical engineering and has many different applications within the field. For example, the book covers aspects related to robot manipulators, aircraft flight control systems, power systems, mechanical systems, biological systems and chaotic systems. This multifaceted view of subject areas means that this useful reference resource will be ideal for a large cross section of the mechanical engineering community. Details the real-world applications of backstepping controlGives an up-to-date insight into the theory, uses and application of backstepping controlBridges the gaps for different fields of engineering, including mechanical engineering, aeronautical engineering, electrical engineering, communications engineering, robotics and biomedical instrumentation

The study of gases, clusters, liquids, and solids as units or systems, eventually focuses on the properties of these systems as governed by interactions between atoms, molecules, and radicals that are not covalently bonded to one another. The stereo/spatial properties of molecular species themselves are similarly controlled, with such interactions found throughout biological, polymeric, and cluster systems and are a central feature of chemical reactions. Nevertheless, these interactions are poorly described and characterized, with efforts to do so, usually based on a particular quantum or even classical mechanical procedure, obscuring the fundamental nature of the interactions in the process. Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species addresses this issue directly, defining the nature of the interactions and discussing how they should and should not be described. It reviews both theoretical developments and experimental procedures in order to explore interactions between nonbonded entities in such a fundamental manner as to elucidate their nature and origins. Drawing attention to the extensive experience of its editor and team of expert authors, Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species is an indispensable guide to the foundational knowledge, latest advances, most pressing challenges, and future directions for all those whose work is influenced by these interactions.Comprehensively describes the nature of interactions between nonbonded species in biological systems, liquids, crystals, clusters, and in particular, water.Combines fundamental, theoretical, background information based on various approximations with the knowledge of experimental techniques.Outlines interactions clearly and consistently with a particular focus on frequency and time-resolved spectroscopies as applied to these interactions.

Solving Urban Infrastructure Problems Using Smart City Technologies is the most complete guide for integrating next generation smart city technologies into the very foundation of urban areas worldwide, showing how to make urban areas more efficient, more sustainable, and safer. Smart cities are complex systems of systems that encompass all aspects of modern urban life. A key component of their success is creating an ecosystem of smart infrastructures that can work together to enable dynamic, real-time interactions between urban subsystems such as transportation, energy, healthcare, housing, food, entertainment, work, social interactions, and governance. Solving Urban Infrastructure Problems Using Smart City Technologies is a complete reference for building a holistic, system-level perspective on smart and sustainable cities, leveraging big data analytics and strategies for planning, zoning, and public policy. It offers in-depth coverage and practical solutions for how smart cities can utilize resident''s intellectual and social capital, press environmental sustainability, increase personalization, mobility, and higher quality of life. Brings together experts from academia, government and industry to offer state-of- the-art solutions for urban system problems, showing how smart technologies can be used to improve the lives of the billions of people living in cities across the globe Demonstrates practical implementation solutions through real-life case studies Enhances reader comprehension with learning aid such as hands-on exercises, questions and answers, checklists, chapter summaries, chapter review questions, exercise problems, and more

Medicinal Plants in Asia and Pacific for Parasitic Infections: Botany, Ethnopharmacology, Molecular Basis, and Future Prospect offers an in-depth view into antiprotozoal pharmacology of natural products from medicinal plants in Asia with an emphasis on their molecular basis, cellular pathways, and cellular targets. This book provides scientific names, botanical classifications, botanical description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents and antiprotozoal activity of more than 100 Asian medicinal plants, with high quality original botanical plates, chemical structures, and pharmacological diagrams and lists hundreds of carefully selected references. It also examines the pharmacological and medicinal applications of Asian medicinal plants especially in drug development for protozoan prevention and treatment. Medicinal Plants in Asia and Pacific for Parasitic Infections is a research tool and resource for the discovery of leads for the treatment of protozoal diseases based on interrelated botanical, biochemical, ethnopharmacological, phylogenetic, pharmacological, and chemical information. A critical reference for any researcher involved in the discovery of leads for the treatment of antiprotozoal leads From Asian medicinal plantsWritten by an expert in the field, this truly unique text fills an important niche do to the increasing global interest in botanical drugsProvide scientific names, botanical classification, botanical description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of more than 100 Asian plants

Statistics and Probability in Forensic Anthropology provides a practical guide for forensic scientists, primarily anthropologists and pathologists, on how to design studies, how to choose and apply statistical approaches, and how to interpret statistical outcomes in the forensic practice. As with other forensic, medical and biological disciplines, statistics have become increasingly important in forensic anthropology and legal medicine, but there is not a single book, which specifically addresses the needs of forensic anthropologists in relation to the research undertaken in the field and the interpretation of research outcomes and case findings within the setting of legal proceedings. The book includes the application of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics in relation to topics relevant for the research and the interpretation of findings in forensic anthropology, as well as general chapters on study design and statistical approaches addressing measurement errors and reliability. Scientific terminology understandable to students and advanced practitioners of forensic anthropology, pathology and related disciplines is used throughout. Additionally, Statistics and Probability in Forensic Anthropology facilitates sufficient understanding of the statistical procedures and data interpretation based on statistical outcomes and models, which helps the reader confidently present their work within the forensic context, either in the form of case reports for legal purposes or as research publications for the scientific community. Contains the application of both frequentist and Bayesian statistics in relation to topics relevant for forensic anthropology research and the interpretation of findingsProvides examples of study designs and their statistical solutions, partly following the layout of scientific manuscripts on common topics in the fieldIncludes scientific terminology understandable to students and advanced practitioners of forensic anthropology, legal medicine and related disciplines

Fungi are both the cause of many major health problems and an incredible source of compounds for developing new medicinal treatments, and with the increasing emergence of multidrug resistance, the need for new antimicrobial agents is greater than ever. Antifungal Compound Discovery provides researchers with a detailed study of both natural and synthetic compounds that can be effective against a variety of fungal species, supporting and encouraging the design of innovative, potent new drug candidates for the treatment of fungal infections. Beginning with an introduction to both the history and latest developments in this field, the book goes on to provide helpful background information on key fungal species before outlining current antifungal therapies and reasons further development is needed. Detailed chapters then follow reviewing a broad range of natural and synthetic antifungal agents, and discussing the synergistic effect of working with both simultaneously. Finally, the book concludes by considering potential future developments in this important field. Supported with detailed schemes and key information on the biological activity of all selected compounds, Antifungal Compound Discovery is a comprehensive guide helping researchers understand the relationship between specific chemicals structures and their antifungal potency, and a key tool for all those involved in the identification and development of antimicrobial compounds.Provides an overview of the most specific mycotic infections and fungal species as background for compound developmentPresents the chemical formulas of all natural and synthetic compounds reviewedCombines detailed information about origin, isolation and possible therapeutic uses of all indexed compounds, including biological activity, mechanism of action and SAR information

Abiotic Stress and Legumes: Tolerance and Management is the first book to focus on the ability of legume plants to adapt effectively to environmental challenges. Using the -omic approach, this book takes a targeted approach to understanding the methods and means of ensuring survival and maximizing the productivity of the legume plant by improving tolerance to environmental /abiotic stress factors including drought, temperature change, and other challenges. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made in identifying means of managing abiotic stress effects, specifically in legumes, including the development of several varieties which exhibit tolerance through high yield using transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and ionomic approaches. Further, exogenous application of various stimulants such as plant hormones, nutrients, sugars, and polyamines has emerged as an alternative strategy to improve productivity under these environmental challenges. Abiotic Stress and Legumes: Tolerance and Management examines these emerging strategies and serves as an important resource for researchers, academicians and scientists, enhancing their knowledge and aiding further research. Explores the progress made in managing abiotic stress, specifically with high yield legumes Highlights the molecular mechanisms related to acclimation Presents proven strategies and emerging approaches to guide additional research

A concise reference on the structural composition and function of microbial communities in coastal environments, especially in relation to natural and anthropogenic impacts. Microbial Communities in Coastal Sediments presents twenty years of coastal microbiology research, grounding it as a vital development in the field of microbial ecology. It is the first book to focus exclusively on the complex microbial ecology and its function in rest of the marine environment. The book outlines the structure, function, and assessment of microbial communities in marine sediments while exploring practical methods of assessment. It is an invaluable resource to aquatic microbiologists, marine ecologists, marine microbiologists, aquatic researchers, and graduate students in this field. Microbial Communities in Coastal Sediments begins with an examination of nutrient sources in the coastal context with a focus on organic matter inputs. The quantity and quality of organic matter in coastal sediments and their impacts on the composition and formation of microbial communities is discussed. The book explores the consequences of anthropogenic changes and human activity on microbial ecology and nutrient cycling. Sections on nutrient availability, green house gas production and biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants provide essential details. Molecular research techniques and methods for assessing microbial community structure and function in coastal sediments are also covered.Explores the interplay of physicochemical and biological features of coastal ecosystems on microbial community composition to provide a template of comparison for field researchIncludes unique figures, schematic diagrams and photographs related to microbial processes of coastal ecosystem to clearly represent different aspects of microbial structure and functionsProvides analytical methods and detailed molecular techniques for qualitative and quantitative analyses of microbial community structure

Effects of Climate Change on Forests: An Evidence-Based Primer for Sustainable Management of Temperate and Mediterranean Forests presents concepts, case studies and application techniques for theories on forest management under climate change. Readers will gain an understanding on how forest planning and management ties into the ecological functioning and resilience of forests by following variability in growth (or other processes) over time, a concept weakly implemented in traditional forest planning. This shift in focus has significant benefits, not only in better incorporating the services provided by forests, but also in opening up better adaptation planning. Outlines innovative tools to evaluate and assess forest management plansProvides guidelines and criteria for forest planning, sustainability and management techniques for adapting to climate changeHelps the reader develop comprehensive forest management plans- complete with sylvicultural interventions-which account for uncertainties in climate changeTies directly into A for Climate project from the EU Commission as part of Horizon 2020

An Introduction to Healthcare Informatics: Building Data-Driven Tools bridges the gap between the current healthcare IT landscape and cutting edge technologies in data science, cloud infrastructure, application development and even artificial intelligence. Information technology encompasses several rapidly evolving areas, however healthcare as a field suffers from a relatively archaic technology landscape and a lack of curriculum to effectively train its millions of practitioners in the skills they need to utilize data and related tools. The book discusses topics such as data access, data analysis, big data current landscape and application architecture. Additionally, it encompasses a discussion on the future developments in the field. This book provides physicians, nurses and health scientists with the concepts and skills necessary to work with analysts and IT professionals and even perform analysis and application architecture themselves. Presents case-based learning relevant to healthcare, bringing each concept accompanied by an example which becomes critical when explaining the function of SQL, databases, basic models etc.Provides a roadmap for implementing modern technologies and design patters in a healthcare setting, helping the reader to understand both the archaic enterprise systems that often exist in hospitals as well as emerging tools and how they can be used togetherExplains healthcare-specific stakeholders and the management of analytical projects within healthcare, allowing healthcare practitioners to successfully navigate the political and bureaucratic challenges to implementationBrings diagrams for each example and technology describing how they operate individually as well as how they fit into a larger reference architecture built upon throughout the book