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Deciding with Children in Pediatrics: Children’s Participation in Healthcare Decision-making provides the ethical underpinning and offers practical strategies to foster meaningful participation of children in decisions affecting their healthcare. It will assist clinicians to bring forward the perspectives and values of the child, ensuring their preferences are incorporated into decision-making or appropriately justified when this is not possible. This is to both improve healthcare delivery and serve the best interests of children- now and as decision-makers in the future. This book reviews theories underpinning the concept of deciding with children and explores how pediatric decision-making is standardly managed. It then proposes a model for making healthcare decisions with children. A panel of experienced clinicians and ethicists demonstrate, via a series of case studies, how to promote children’s participation across a variety of clinical areas, child ages, and developmental stages. It concludes with a review of questions, concerns, and challenges. Deciding with Children in Pediatrics: Children’s Participation in Healthcare Decision-making helps bridge the gap between philosophy and practical clinical ethics and creates a frame of reference for children’s healthcare providers.

Waste-to-Energy: Sustainable Approaches for Emerging Economies presents the latest developments and applications for the conversion of waste into biofuels and other energy products. Divided into two parts, Section I reviews the major sources of solid waste and their management strategies in developing countries, and includes the collection, composition, segregation, and dispersal of various waste streams, as well as the generation of biogas and other value-added products. Section II examines the transformation of waste into biofuels and the management strategies required to efficiently implement waste-to-energy processes. Methods for the production of hydrogen, biomethane, biofuels, and bioenergy, as well as resource recovery are discussed in depth, and mathematical models are provided for anaerobic digestion techniques. The benefits and challenges of waste-to-energy as a waste management strategy are explored through dedicated chapters on the techno-economics, environmental and social regulation, and the operation of WtE plants. The final chapter of the book presents a lifecycle assessment and environmental impact analysis of the technologies and strategies discussed.

Waste-Based Zeolite: Synthesis and Environmental Applications focuses on the use of waste-based materials to fabricate zeolite and its subsequent use in environmental applications. It presents recent progress in zeolite synthesis using wastes products such as fly ash, steel slag, biomass waste, water treatment plant sludge, and municipal waste, among others. It discusses the application of waste-based zeolite for environmental applications such as biodiesel production, as well as considering techniques for recovering spent zeolite. Many industries produce substantial quantities of waste material comprising various hazardous constituents that lead to pollution and threaten the environment. However, such waste can often be a rich source of precursor ingredients for zeolite synthesis, and waste-based zeolites could potentially provide an economically and environmentally viable alternative to commercially available zeolites. This book illuminates this fascinating avenue of research.

Accelerating the Transition to a Hydrogen Economy: Achieving Carbon Neutrality provides a guide to the transition to net zero carbon emissions through the hydrogen economy. Within the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the book explores the implications of the hydrogen economy on the nexus of food-waste-energy and provides an overview of the impacts of the hydrogen economy on the energy industry. The book examines the role of the hydrogen economy in achieving net zero carbon emissions in the waste sector, methods for achieving decarbonization in different industries and parts of the economy, and the technologies that can achieve this. Each chapter provides a synopsis of the fundamental knowledge and latest developments to ensure readers of all experience levels and backgrounds can benefit from the book. Future perspectives and actionable next steps are suggested alongside case studies that provide a roadmap to decarbonization.

Nano-refrigerants and Nano-lubricants: Fundamentals and Applications provides an overview of nano-refrigerants and nano-lubricants, their synthesis, characterization, and influence of nanoparticles on the thermophysical properties. The book also describes the theoretical modeling and correlations using artificial intelligence, along with the effect of all these parameters on potential applications. Future challenges and research directions are thoroughly addressed by authors. Nano-refrigerants and Nano-lubricants are a novel class of nanofluids containing a mixture of nanoparticles, lubricant, and refrigerant, and because of their enhanced heat transfer properties, they have a broad potential range of residential and commercial applications.

Ancillary Service in Active Distribution Systems from Renewable Energy Sources: Control Methodologies and Trends investigates suggested solutions for providing new ancillary services from distributed renewable energy sources in distribution grids. The book explores the control strategies of converter- interfaced renewable energy sources in the new electricity markets of active distribution networks. It describes how renewable energy resources can be utilized to provide primary control to the grid in reliable and secure ways. Useful for grid operators, regulators, and power system researchers, this book serves as a unique reference on auxiliary services for distribution networks. The stability and security of existing electricity power systems is largely based on the inherent characteristics of synchronous generators, such as grid-forming capability, inertia, damping of transients and large current contribution during grid faults. The increasing penetration of converter-interfaced renewable energy sources in the distribution grids is gradually replacing the dispatchable synchronous generators, increasing power volatility and causing large frequency deviations and voltage regulation problems. Therefore, new sophisticated control strategies for converter-interfaced sources combined with energy storage systems have emerged, enabling the operation similar to synchronous generators, which can be provided as ancillary services to active distribution systems.

Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences: Methods, Models and Applications provides cutting-edge theory and applications of modern-day artificial intelligence and data science in the Earth, environment, and planetary science fields. The book is divided into three sections: (i) Methods, covering the fundamentals of intelligence systems, along with an introduction to the preparation of datasets; (ii) Models, detailing model development, data assimilation, and techniques in each field; and (iii) Applications, presenting case studies of artificial intelligence and data science solutions to Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences problems, as well as future perspectives. Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences will be of interest to students, academics, and postgraduate professionals in the field of applied sciences, Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences and would also serve as an excellent companion resource to courses studying artificial intelligence applications for theoretical and practical studies in Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences.

Intelligent Biomedical Technologies and Applications for Healthcare 5.0, Volume Sixteen covers artificial health intelligence, biomedical image analysis, 5G, the Internet of Medical Things, intelligent healthcare systems, and extended health intelligence (EHI). This volume contains four sections. The focus of the first section is health data analytics and applications. The second section covers research on information exchange and knowledge sharing. The third section is on the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Everything (IoE)-based solutions. The final section focuses on the implementation, assessment, adoption, and management of healthcare informatics solutions. This new volume in the Advances in Ubiquitous Sensing Applications for Healthcare series focuses on innovative methods in the healthcare industry and will be useful for biomedical engineers, researchers, and students working in interdisciplinary fields of research. This volume bridges these newly developing technologies and the medical community in the rapidly developing healthcare world, introducing them to modern healthcare advances such as EHI and Smart Healthcare Systems.

Empowering IoT with Big Data Analytics provides comprehensive coverage of major topics, tools, and techniques related to empowering IoT with big data technologies and big data analytics solutions, thus allowing for better processing, analysis, protection, distribution, and visualization of data for the benefit of IoT applications and second, a better deployment of IoT applications on the ground. This book covers big data in the IoT era, its application domains, current state-of-the-art in big data and IoT technologies, standards, platforms, and solutions. This book provides a holistic view of the big data value-chain for IoT, including storage, processing, protection, distribution, analytics, and visualization. Big data is a multi-disciplinary topic involving handling intensive, continuous, and heterogeneous data retrieved from different sources including sensors, social media, and embedded systems. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and its application to many domains has led to the generation of huge amounts of both structured and unstructured data often referred to as big data.

Renewable Energy Finance: Theory and Practice, Second Edition integrates the special characteristics of renewable energy with key elements of project finance. Through a mixture of fundamental analysis and real-life examples, readers learn how renewable energy project finance deals mix finance, public policy, legal, engineering and environmental issues. This book investigates the economics of large-scale green power production and incentive mechanisms and how they fit into the global energy industries. It also examines how distributed energy resources such as residential solar and batteries can be financed at the scale needed to play a significant role in the future energy mix. The authors examine how renewable energy projects get financed and built using modern non-recourse project finance structures. It also highlights recent innovations such as Green Bonds and Sustainability Linked Loans that have emerged in the context of ESG investments. The scope of the book is global, and it illustrates how renewable energy project finance has evolved in various places (such as the tax-equity structures used in the United States, due to the corporate tax incentives used there) to cope with local regulatory and policy environments.

Clinical Supervision in Home-Based ABA Services covers services delivered in a home setting. It includes a chapter outlining how services and supervision vary across settings. An additional chapter reviews the importance of developing soft skills, interview skill, and communication skills as they relate to the dynamics found in homebased services (e.g., working with families, different cultural and diverse backgrounds of the technician and families within the home settings). This is the ultimate resource for supervising behavior analysts. In this Applied Behavior Analysis model, the supervising Behavior Analyst is expected to design individualized interventions for the patient while also ensuring the behavior technician is implementing those interventions correctly. While the tiered model does allow for more access to treatment, there are also many challenges which are also covered.

Biomechatronics is rapidly becoming one of the most influential and innovative research directions defining the 21st century. The second edition Biomechatronics provides a complete and up-to-date account of this advanced subject at the university textbook level. This new edition introduces two new chapters - Animals Biomechatronics and Plants Biomechatronics - highlighting the importance of the rapidly growing world population and associated challenges with food production. Each chapter is co-authored by top experts led by Professor Marko B. Popovic, researcher and educator at the forefront of advancements in this fascinating field. Starting with an introduction to the historical background of Biomechatronics, this book covers recent breakthroughs in artificial organs and tissues, prosthetic limbs, neural interfaces, orthotic systems, wearable systems for physical augmentation, physical therapy and rehabilitation, robotic surgery, natural and synthetic actuators, sensors, and control systems. A number of practice prompts and solutions are provided at the end of the book. The second edition of Biomechatronics is a result of dedicated work of a team of more than 30 contributors from all across the globe including top researchers and educators in the United States (Popovic, Lamkin-Kennard, Herr, Sinyukov, Troy, Goodworth, Johnson, Kaipa, Onal, Bowers, Djuric, Fischer, Ji, Jovanovic, Luo, Padir, Tetreault), Japan (Tashiro, Iraminda, Ohta, Terasawa), Sweden (Boyraz), Turkey (Arslan, Karabulut, Ortes), Germany (Beckerle and Wiliwacher), New Zealand (Liarokapis), Switzerland (Dobrev), and Serbia (Lazarevic).

Agricultural Water Management in Africa: Lessons Learned and Future Directions provides an overview of the status of irrigation development and AWM practices and technologies in Africa and the global south. In addition, it provides guidelines, scenarios, and investment plans to guide the prioritization and operationalization of irrigation development and AWM under climate change. The African Union (AU) is driving investment and improvement in agricultural water management and transformation in Africa through the operationalization of the AU Irrigation Development and Agricultural Water Management in Africa (AU-IDAWM). The AU-IDAWM provides a framework that identifies four development pathways for enhanced agricultural water management practices across Africa. The pathways are as follows: (1) Pathway 1: Improved water control and watershed management in rain-fed farming, (2) Pathway 2: Farmer-led Irrigation Development (FLID), (3) Pathway 3: Irrigation scheme development and modernization, and (4) Pathway 4: Unconventional water use for irrigation.

Microbiome-Based Decontamination of Environmental Pollutants explores the complex interactions of plant-associated microbiomes, providing insights into the pressing challenges of managing environmental resources such as soil, water, and waste. Analysis has shown a formidable potential based in the network interactions between plant microbiota and environmental contaminants. This book presents insights into the potential exploitation of these plant-associated microbial functions. This volume in the Plant and Soil Microbiome series summarizes microbiological aspects of environmental management from the basics to advanced theoretical as well as practical aspects of microbial-based approaches. The physical and chemical changes caused by pollution of an ecosystem can occur rapidly, significantly impacting the functionality of ecosystem services in that environment. Environmental contamination poses and increasingly global challenge through direct and indirect adverse impacts on the climate, soil productivity and the health concerns of human beings. Traditional remediation techniques are not consistently feasible in mitigating environmental contaminants challenges in terms of cost-effectiveness, limited land resources and toxic residual products. The use of plant-associated microbes as part of a network of tools opens a new door to explore an alternative, eco-friendly and economical technology to mitigate the challenges of environmental contamination.

This book catalogs the evidence based on the social, economic and environmental effectiveness of Nature based Solutions (NbS) to face environmental challenges and simultaneously provide a better understanding of associated social-ecological interactions.NbS are reframing discussion and policy responses worldwide to environmental challenges. The concept builds on and complements other closely related concepts, such as the ecosystem approach, ecosystem services, ecosystem-based adaptation/mitigation, disaster risk reduction, sponge cities, and green/blue infrastructures. The quantification of existing NbS' effectiveness, their operationalization and replication in different environmental settings are presented here in such a way that allows them to be both widely accepted and incorporated in policy development and in practical implementation.

Biochar as a Multipurpose Platform: With Applications in Energy, Environment, and Materials discusses all the most cutting-edge biochar applications, including environmental remediation, energy storage, composites, and catalyst production, thus providing an expert overview of recent trends in biochar research. Biochar is a solid residue that is recovered after the thermal decomposition of biomasses inert atmosphere. Biochar has been used for many decades for soil applications. Nonetheless, biochar is far more than a mere soil amendment.

Predictive Analytics using MATLAB(R) for Biomedical Applications is a comprehensive and practical guide for biomedical engineers, data scientists, and researchers on how to use predictive analytics techniques in MATLAB(R) for solving real-world biomedical problems. The book offers a technical overview of various predictive analytics methods and covers the utilization of MATLAB(R) for implementing these techniques. It includes several case studies that demonstrate how predictive analytics can be applied to real-world biomedical problems, such as predicting disease progression, analyzing medical imaging data, and optimizing treatment outcomes.With a plethora of examples and exercises, this book is the ultimate tool for reinforcing one’s knowledge and skills.

Machining Principles for Shape Generation of Metals explains the basics of machining techniques and metal cutting, as well as the Laplace transform and how it can be applied to understand complex machining processes. The book provides an overview of all machining processes from a geometric perspective, with an emphasis on producing superior parts. Mechanics, vibration control, processing mechanics, thermal deformation, and numerical control principles for metal cutting are each reviewed, with details on the principle of cutting away, forced and self-excited vibration, and the physical properties of workpiece and tool materials. Common questions and answers are provided throughout the book to reinforce learning of key concepts.

Joint Replacement in the Human Body provides a comprehensive exploration of artificial joint designs. The book's primary focus is to introduce readers to the diverse landscape of artificial joint technologies while offering insights into their historical development. This book is divided into three sections, each addressing specific aspects of joint replacements. The first section delves into artificial joints of the lower limb, including the hip, knee, and ankle. In the subsequent section, the book explores upper limb replacements, covering joints such as the shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, and thumb.The third section tackles broader themes like biotribology, regulatory aspects of joint replacements, examines noteworthy case studies like metal-on-metal hips, and addresses joint replacements not easily categorized in the previous sections, such as spinal total disc replacements. This book offers a critical assessment of the diverse and evolving design concepts currently in use, ranging from established metal-on-polymer joints to innovative biomimetic solutions. This book is designed to swiftly equip readers with a deep understanding of contemporary joint replacements and the immediate and long-term challenges they present.

Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Surgery: Management, Surgical Approaches, and Post-Operative Care is an excellent and novel resource to understanding the management of adolescent gynecologic patients as written by top experts. The book offers detailed pearls of surgery and has a preoperative planning approach to abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal surgeries, as well as postoperative considerations. This is a comprehensive but easy-to-follow step-by-step surgical atlas for PAG surgeries organized in a historical context with the most recent research advances in the field. It provides expert views and perspectives with visuals to aid in learning useful to anyone in, or interested in, the field.

Hydrogels in Drug Delivery: Advances in the Manufacture, Characterization, and Application of Hydrogels to Address Current Global Healthcare Challenges presents the latest advances in hydrogels, ranging from their basic chemistry to specific application of existing and novel hydrogels in controlled drug delivery and biomedicine. Hydrogels have been increasingly used in the development of novel formulations in a wide variety of therapeutic and monitoring applications. Multidisciplinary work carried out by researchers working in synthetic chemistry, drug delivery, biomedicine and other fields has led to the development of novel polymers, enabling the preparation of hydrogels with adjustable physicochemical properties. Accordingly, these materials offer multiple advantages over other drug delivery systems, including an increased patient compliance by reducing the required number of medication doses, reducing the healing time in injuries, and simplifying patient monitoring by reducing the invasiveness of current methods. Hydrogels in Drug Delivery is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers working within drug delivery and synthetic chemistry, biomedicine, material science, pharmacology, and chemical engineering.

Personalized Epigenetics, Second Edition discusses the core translatability of epigenetics to health management of individuals who have unique variations in their epigenetic signatures that can guide both disorder and disease prevention and therapy. Fully updated and revised, this new edition details inter-individual variability in the major epigenetic process in humans consisting of DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA, and the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the field. It also reviews the impact of the environment on epigenetic variations among individuals and the role of pharmacology and drug development in personalized epigenetics. Most importantly, the text covers personalized epigenetics from a disease-oriented perspective, presenting chapters that provide advances in widespread disorders or diseases, including diabetes, cancer, autoimmune disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pain management.

Solar Chimney Power Plants: From Theory to Practice offers detailed information in one place, covering working principles, efficiency, performance-enhancing methods, experimental and theoretical studies, current application examples, techno-economic analysis, and artificial intelligence, providing the reader with a thorough and up-to-date understanding of solar chimney power plants. The book covers basic theory and dynamics of solar chimney power plants, systematic coverage of the various parameters affecting performance, assessment by experimental studies, mathematical and theoretical models, the use of computer simulations and computation fluid dynamics, and innovative applications and hybrid approaches.Finally, techno-economic analysis and the role of artificial intelligence are presented. This is an ideal resource for all those with an interest in solar chimney plants and energy conversion technologies, including graduate students, researchers, academics, faculty, engineers, R&D, scientists, policymakers and professionals in the renewable energy sector.

Emerging Sensors for Environmental Monitoring presents a comprehensive overview of chemical sensors, ranging from the choice of material to sensor validation, modeling, simulation, and manufacturing. It discusses the process of data collection by intelligent techniques such as deep learning and multivariate analysis, incorporates different types of sensors, and discusses each under a common set of sub-sections so that readers can fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant transducers-depending on the design, transduction mode, and final applications. This book provides a practical reference for Scientists, Researchers, Students, and Practitioners to deepen their knowledge base on the management of emerging contaminants, degradation of air, soil and water quality and indicators of ecological degradation.

Secondary Metabolites and Biotherapeutics presents the latest biotechnological advancements in the production of target secondary metabolites for medicinal use, including topics such as transcriptomics, nanotechnology, gene editing tools like CRISPR/CAS, secondary metabolites source and production.? Secondary metabolites derived from plants as a response to stress have always played a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry to produce medicines. However, their limited production in plants have always raised concerns for large-scale production. With the advancement of modern biotechnology, researchers around the globe are now able to engineer plants with specific chemical compositions.This book is a valuable resource to researchers in biotechnology, medical sciences, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacology and plant biology.

Sensory Polymers: From their Design to Practical Applications discusses recent developments in the field of sensory polymers and showcases the potential applications of these materials in food control and security, civil security, the biomedical field, environmental control and remediation, industrial control of chemicals, and more. Written by worldwide experts in the field, chapters provide in-depth knowledge on several different polymer sensors and their response to different stimuli, which makes this book a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, materials science, and chemistry, as well as those interested on sensing applications and chemical sensory systems, including industry R&D.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Chemical Processes combines process technologies with heat exchange equipment to study heat transfer enhancement. The book provides guidance for the progress of process technologies and the application of enhanced heat transfer equipment. It analyzes the basic principles of heat transfer and summarizes the theories and methods of heat transfer enhancement, while also focusing on three representative processes in petrochemical industry, including oil refining, aromatics, and ethylene production. The book summarizes in a systematical way the practical application of heat transfer enhancement in the petrochemical industry, from the equipment components, the processes, and the whole plant.

Nanozymes: Approachable Bio-applications provides an in-depth overview of nanozymes, with a special focus on nanozymes synthesis and their various applications in biological sciences. The book starts with introductory chapters exploring the enzymatic mechanism of nanozymes and providing the concept of engineering to surface modification to achieve enhanced nanozymatic properties. Subsequent chapters focus on the application of nanozymes in many different fields, including biomedical science, agriculture, environmental science and more.This work is an important reference source for worldwide materials scientists and researchers interested on the resent developments, challenges, and future directions of nanozymes research.

Emerging Developments in Constructed Wetlands aims to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on recent trends and advances in the domain of constructed wetlands. The book contains consolidated insights into distinctive research areas with application potential and commercialization possibilities. It also offers access to updated fundamental knowledge, current trends, and research advances worthy of potential implementations in the field. Although there has been significant research progress in the domain of constructed wetlands over the last years, there is no book available with actual case studies to meet growing demands.

Bacterial Enzymes as Targets for Drug Discovery: Meeting the Challenges of Antibiotic Resistance addresses the gap between medical microbiology, structural biology, and genomic science in the development of new antibacterial drug development. This book consolidates detailed profiling of bacterial target enzyme families for the drug discovery process and methodologies for use and validation of the potential drug targets. The contents cover the foundations of the antibiotic drug discovery process and focus on bacterial enzymes as drug targets, building across these disciplines to provide a comprehensive resource in bacterial structural biology and genomics. This is the ideal reference for antibiotic drug discovery researchers in the pharma industry and academia. Biochemists, microbiologists, and medicinal chemists will also benefit from this books’ content.