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The statistics of health issues coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic that is devastating mankind across several spheres raise concerns about our health and wellbeing. This brings in the field of medical biotechnology or red biotechnology that is aimed at employing biotechnology to address diseases and malignancies. This book summarizes the aspects of vaccination with a chapter dedicated to the status of research of vaccination for COVID-19. The book also includes the latest approaches such as bispecific antibodies, their promise and their current status. Another interesting field is regenerative medicine that looks at restoring lost or damaged functions employing stem cells, growth factors, tissue regeneration and bioprinting of organs.

Derived from the Sanskrit word meaning to join ("yuj"), yoga looks at merging the consciousness of an individual with that of the universal consciousness. The sincere practice of yoga takes one to this final layer where one feels bliss leading to mind-body-breath union and health. Current research is highlighting the benefits of yoga in a host of conditions. This ranges from handling stress, depression, anxiety to overcoming trauma and addressing the management of a slew of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple sclerosis, etc. This book is Part 1 of Yoga: research insights where the benefits offered by this approach are outlined using research articles. It starts off with a chapter on handling COVID-19 that is followed by how yoga helps manage diabetes and how yoga is useful for other conditions such as chronic fatigue, HIV and inflammation.

The rivers are considered as playing a very important role in hydrological cycle. The river is resulting from joining number of streams created by overland as well as hill land flow. The reservoirs are constructed across the rivers as a storage projects or run of river projects. The reservoir engineering has presented specific desire to withstand the powers brought about by the river streams during heavy precipitation. The staggering flood circumstances are being deflected because of dams and related supplies thereof. The role of information technology in early warning systems has specific importance in early river flood warning, monitoring, mitigation and management. The flood alleviation and checking strategies alongside the job of the local area based NGOs and public specialists was stressed. For sustainable development of any region, efficient and proper utilization of available water resources has crucial importance. Reservoir storage capacity greatly affected by the amount of sediment deposition in the reservoir over time. The storage capacity of the any irrigation project and in turn its operational efficiency is enhanced by efficient sediment management. Sustainable ecosystem management is essential to overcome several obstacles in the judicious management of natural resources to satisfy the demand from different sectors. Reservoir engineering and water resource engineering have given us an amazing information base to realize the constructions worked across the different river basins. Recent advanced technologies such as remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Artificial Intelligence can be utilized in mapping, planning and management of water resources. With the efficient management of the natural resources, it is also important to control the pollution of natural resources. The rivers or other natural resources are mainly polluted by the presence of different variety of algae, excess amount of nitrogen, phosphorus molecules in the water bodies. There are various food chains, which are present in the aquatic environment, that are destroyed by the polluted water bodies. This is enough to disturb the ecological balance. We can utilize a few planning methods in researching the real states of the nearby water bodies. It is significant to realize the toxin load at all the sections of the stream. Therefore, it is necessary investigate and control the water pollution in the natural water bodies like, rivers, reservoirs, ponds for better ecological balance.

In this book, definitions of key terms related to biotechnology have been explained breifly. Biotechnology is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with related scientific fields.

The current alarming rate of decline of earth's natural resources, particularly of the reserves of rock phosphate and fossil fuel, is of great concern for the future of agriculture, particularly in developing countries. Not surprisingly, sustainable crop production remains a major global challenge and has drawn increasing attention among policy makers, business, and the scientific community. The agricultural use of land for crop production leads to the continuous extraction of soil nutrients. In the absence of adequate nutrient replenishment, a subsequent decrease of soil nutrient availability may occur, exerting a negative effect on yield. This book deals with strategies to overcome low nutrient availability in soils mainly rely on the use of fertilizers and crop breeding.

Farm Mechanization has been identified as one of the factors that can promote the achievement of food security among both developed and developing countries. However, with the current trend of sustainable agriculture that promote conservation agriculture (CA) some of the farm machineries are highly discouraged while others act as complements or substitutes to CA. This book elaborates on some of the factors to consider in the use and utilization of a farm machine. This book walks the audience on the different farming tasks, the objective of the task and the best machinery to use to achieve this task while at the same time considering cost and environmental sustainability. The book also identifies the different issues such as Environment, Gender, Economic, Policy and Institutional issues that are related to agricultural mechanization. The understanding of these issues helps stakeholders to design policies and products that are tailored to the needs of farmers. By helping the users of the book understand the effect of farm machinery use, this book can be used to guide proper adoption of farm machinery.

The physical properties of food include several factors such as mass transfer, heat transfer, and unit operations that are part and parcel of the engineering principles influencing the state of food. This book deals with some aspects of the physical properties of food. The book aims to impart a basic understanding among the students who wish to know the physical properties of foods and other factors underlying it. This book can help both undergraduates and other students who would like to take up courses in food processing technology.

There is prestige in a well-manicured landscape. Apart from the prestige well established and maintained lawns act as green spaces that have societal, economic, health and economic benefits. This book guides the audience on some creative ideas of lawns, the grass and grass alternatives to use, and machinery to use in lawn establishment and maintenance. The book also describes in detail how and when to establish a healthy lawn. The book also goes further and explains how to establish artificial lawn. This book also acts as guide in maintenance of newly established lawns, old lawns, and artificial lawns. The book gives the audience a list common lawn pest, diseases, and weeds and how to identify and treat or prevent them biologically, chemically, and culturally. A poorly managed or established turf or lawn presents a big risk as compared to advantages. Therefore, a good plan is very critical before establishing both artificial or natural lawn.

It is essential to produce climate system models that can bring about an accurate representation of the climate forecast. The concept of global warming has become a local phrase for every region and its effects are obvious on the farming communities. The models generated can be used to project the current situations and can help us predict or forecast the potential perils in the future. In this book, the sensor applications are explained with respect to the agricultural sectors. Remote sensing and GIS are considered as important tools in mapping agricultural fields and their associated factors. The mapping of crops with several space-borne platforms and airborne platforms is explained. This book can be used as a handbook for engineers, scientists and research scholars along with undergraduates and postgraduates in science and technology.

The book provides brief explanation to the key terms that are related and have been used in Geography. Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earths surface and the human societies spread across it.

In recent years, high-stiffness, high-strength, and lightweight composite materials have gainedrecognition as a significant cutting edge technology with a potential to generate efficient power, reinvent the high-efficiency transportation sector, offer new carriages for storage and transportation ofreduced carbon fuels, and enhance renewable energy production. Presently, the structural components manufactured from polymeric materials in conjunction with various fibrous materials provide a cost-efficient solution for almost every industrial sector. A polymeric composite material is a multi-phase structure in which reinforcing fibers are integrated with a polymeric matrix material, resulting in a synergy of mechanical characteristics that cannot be realized from either of the components alone. This book familiarizes the readers with fibers and polymeric matrix materials, which are the constituents of a typical polymer composite. It is believed that this book can serve as a greatly valuable reference for a varied range of readers, including scientists, engineers, policymakers, and professors. This book is also useful for teachers and students from different backgrounds including textile engineering, materials science, fiber science and technology, mechanical engineering, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, medical sciences, and environmental science.

The book "Analytical Techniques for Food Biopreservation" is a detailed handbook about the various food-preservation techniques that are based on the use of antimicrobial compounds and natural metabolites for the preservation of various food products. It reflects on various innovations in the use of biopreservation techniques in the food industry that have proven to be environmentally friendly as compared to the conventional techniques and produce food that has an extend shelf life, as well as better sensory and nutritional content.

The book addresses numerous key definitions or terms of Biology. Biology is the study of life. The word "biology" is derived from the Greek words "bios" (meaning life) and "logos" (meaning "study"). In general, biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.

Organic Livestock farming, as the name implies, provides information on different aspects related to organic dairy farming, goat farming, sheep farming etc. The detailed information regarding the importance of organic farming, the future of organic livestock farming, opportunities and challenges in front of organic livestock farming, attracts the early attention of readers. The topic 'Threats facing and development of organic livestock farming' is a very important topic that explains how organic livestock farming could be developed by overcoming the threats. The book has covered the chapters from the introduction of organic livestock farming to the marketing of organic products. The information in this book will be of practical utility for the actual management of animals in organic livestock farming e.g. Organic livestock feed and their benefits, factors influencing organic livestock, establishing organic farms, problems encountered in developing organic animal husbandry, raising organic pigs, goats, sheep, poultry etc. The book also covers criteria for the certification of organic cattle, sheep, goat, pigs, poultry etc. This book is written in simple understandable language with a description of those concepts which are useful for the actual production of organic livestock products. This book covers basic information on organic farming up to the development of successful organic livestock products, certification and marketing. Especially this book will be most beneficial to Veterinary, Dairy technology and dairy science students and animal and human health workers for the production of organic livestock products to prevent ill effects of different chemical residues in livestock products on human and animal health. Organic livestock farming book is act as a guide for Veterinary, Dairy technology, dairy science scientists, students to increase organic livestock production and to make a quick review of the subject. This book is also helpful for preparations of different examinations related to animal husbandry and general awareness among the people on different aspects of organic animal husbandry.

The high school biology textbook describes the nucleus as the "master controller of the cell". This organelle of the cell is the basis of classifying organisms into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It contains the genetic material and the nucleolus that is associated with ribosomes. The nucleus is emerging to be a "dynamic" organelle as opposed to the traditional concept of it being "stiff". This makes this book come at an apt time to present the emerging ideas of the nucleus in one concise volume. While the organelle is large and contains the genetic material, the saying "handle with care", seems apt for the nucleus. While it is indeed true, research has uncovered that this organelle can undergo deformation in migrating cells and can handle the stress.

We have been told to "drink lots of water" whether in health or illness. This precious and essential nutrient of life that forms the basis of the majority of metabolic reactions within this body is being shown by research to emerge as a "healer" of diseases. This book is one of the first to show the biological aspects of water in a concise manner backed by scientific research. "How much water should we have?"-reading this book can offer insights as to the "dynamic complexity" of the homeostasis of water in the human body to guide what is the recommended intake for regular and pregnant individuals. Research has also been presented as to how water can influence our cognition and mood positively.

Remote sensing has always played a vital role in the better understanding of the ecosystem. It has developed into an exploratory tool vital to natural science. This volume introduces topics such as climate, hydrology and the Earths biosphere, which constitute a solid part of remote sensing and inspection. In addition, remote sensing encourages us to understand the ecosystem and its numerous cycles in vast spatial and transitory ranges. This is an important part of land surface survey, particularly in the managing of land and aquatic resources and the identification of ecological changes. The volume mentions that remote sensing technology has greatly improved our capacity to monitor and supervise natural resources, particularly in the fields of agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. However, despite the considerable progress made in recent times, there are still various fields that have not yet fully realized the benefits of remote sensing, which is an area of ongoing research. Some of the topics captured in this volume include; chapter 1: remote sensing, chapter 2: the use of GIS to map and assess ecosystem services, chapter 3: satellite-based remote sensing for measuring the earths natural capital and ecosystem services, chapter 4: remote sensing in forest ecology and management, chapter 5: agricultural sensors and their advantages, and chapter 6: use of remote sensing in irrigation monitoring and management among others.

We have heard the adages often of "the gut feeling" or "feeling sick in the stomach" or "butterflies in the stomach". Often when we are ill, the appetite is often a symptom. This makes our gut a vital indicator of health. Along with the genetic material we inherit the gut microbiota. With this background, research is uncovering alterations in our gut microbiota in several diseases. Apart from well-known inflammatory conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, this book looks at how our gut tenants are altered and the consequences in other conditions like nervous system diseases, diabetes, cancer, lung diseases, the latest COVID-19 epidemic, and depression.

The fertilizers can play an important role in managing soil fertility. This book presents the concept of fertilizers and their utility in crops. This book provides an impetus towards learning crop science that can be of fertilizers. The concept of the preparation of fertilizers and their use in the crop systems is illustrated. This book can help all science students who are interested in fixing their careers for agriculture research and development. This can also serve as a handbook for researchers and other academic communities.

DNA is touted as containing the blueprint of life. Therefore, changes in the blueprint will have an impact on the living organism. While this has been proven to be usually true, it has also been established that heritable changes in gene function can occur even if the DNA remains unchanged. Epigenetics-Beyond Genetics introduces the field of epigenetics that aims to understand the mechanisms, outside the DNA sequence, that influence gene function and regulation and the various factors that affect these mechanisms. It provides an in-depth look at how two of the epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation and histone modification, are at work, especially in the human or mammalian milieu.

As a field of science, biology helps us understand the living world and the ways its many function, evolve, and interact. This guide book has covered a range of syllabus and the student is an easy way to go through this book content. The chapters have been so arranged to give a sequential knowledge of the introductory basic biochemistry, enzymology, cell biology and molecular biology, techniques in biochemistry, biotechnology, plant and animal tissue culture in this guide book. This book would serve not only for undergraduate but postgraduate students of all life science students, and also research scholars of various universities.

Microbes are vitally important to all life on Earth. As versatile organisms, they play a major role in various biochemical processes such as biodegradation, biodeterioration, climate change, food spoilage, epidemiology and biotechnology. The exponential rise in the quantity of scientific information and the rate at which new discoveries are made, require much elaborated, interdisciplinary and up-to date information and their understanding. The book "Microbiology Concepts with Experiments for Agricultural and Food Microbiology" has been written to serve as a guidebook for undergraduates and postgraduates of different universities. The chapters have been so arranged to give a sequential knowledge of the introductory basic agricultural microbiology, molecular biology, and plant metabolic pathways, elements of immunology, industrial microbiology, fermentation technology and principle working of basic equipment's in this guide book.

Many functions have been attributed to soil, with some even suggesting soil is important all sectors of production. In this book we build a case for the importance of soil in agricultural production. For the soil to remain as productive and important for agricultural production, it is vital that we maintain certain characteristics of soil. The maintenance of the characteristics requires a proper understanding of soil rather than a passive application of soil management practices. This book gives the audience an understanding of the soil, some soil degrading processes, and management practices that maintain soil health. The book also ways to prevent, manage and rejuvenate soils degraded physically, biologically and or chemically. Due to the misuse of especially inorganic/mineral fertilizer, the book take time to explain and guide the audience on the process that lead to recommending use of fertilizers. The book also explains some soil problems, their effects and some of the environmentally friendly techniques to tackle this soil problems. Proper soil health management is key, for economic, social, health and environmental benefits, therefore this book takes a wholistic approach to guide the audience on soil health management.

Energy is the effort for doing work, nothing can be done without energy, and there are many forms of energy. Energy and its consumption is the core of modern life, energy is never destroyed nor created from nothing. It is just transferred from one form to another, doing work in the process. Degree of energy usefulness to us is determined by its form and type. In agriculture energy is important for production its type and source is extremely important for production and transportation of that production, heat in the form of solar energy is vital for plant growth and maturity because its the type that plant needs, while other types that can be electricity or fossil energy needed for water pumping for irrigation. Energy has always been the driving force of development, sustainability in energy availability is critical for the continuity of production and life. The book highlights the current trends in modern energy consumption and future needs of energy in Agriculture.

Biodynamic farming is a pioneering farming technique invented by Dr. Rudolph Steiner in the 1920s. It was created to deal with the emerging problems of soil erosion during that time. This volume provides a full range of activities covered by biodynamic agriculture. Some of the chapters mentioned include chapter 1: principles and practices of biodynamic agriculture, chapter 2: history of biodynamic agriculture, chapter 3: the difference between organic and biodynamic agriculture, chapter 4: biodynamic compost preparation, chapter 5: biodynamics in weed, pest and disease control, chapter 6: benefits of biodynamic farming, chapter 7: biological farming practices and, chapter 8: the main problems faced by small biodynamic farmers among others. The volume describes biodynamic agriculture as a comprehensive, ethical, and natural way of dealing with food shortages. This process does not include the use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, but chooses to use something extraordinary: organic preparations. These consist of absolutely natural compounds found within the farm itself. The volume suggests that the application of these preparations should follow a strict schedule to merge the planting season, lunar calendar and astrological cycle. The volume defines sustainability and evaluates sustainable biodynamic agriculture as it relates to the description. It investigates the effect of organic manure on soil quality, and assesses whether biodynamic agriculture is feasible as a sustainable farming practice.

This book focuses on the effect of processing and components of the food and its flavor. The topic discussed include: Introduction to food flavors; Natural Food Flavors; Analysis of Food Flavors; Aroma of fruits and vegetables; Aroma of Meat Products; Autoxidation and flavors; Flavors in Nutraceutical foods; Process influence; Nanotechnology for Food Flavors; Advances in Food Flavor Technology and Problems with Food Flavors. The first part of the book reviews the flavors of food, it explains the flavors that are the sensory impressions we experience when consuming foods and beverages formed by the chemical sensations of taste and smell. The first two chapters discuss food flavor and natural flavors of the food, Chapter three reviews the different methods and techniques to analyze the flavors of food, it reviews the way flavor is detected and measure. Chapter four provides detailed information about the aroma of both fruits and vegetables. The next Chapter is about meat it explains the aroma of meat products. Chapter six discusses autoxidation i.e. spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air and the flavours of food. Seventh Chapter is explains nutraceutical foods and provides information regarding the flavors in them. Chapter eight discusses the influence of process on the food flavour. The next Chapter explains the Nanotechnology for Food Flavors. Second last Chapter is all about the advances in Food Flavor Technology and the Final Chapter discusses the different Problems with Food Flavours. Information provided in this book will be useful to technologists, scientists, and chemists working in flavour chemistry. It is a valuable reference for R&D staff, those responsible for sensory evaluation of foods and product development, as well as academics and students involved in flavour science.

Veterinary physiology deals with the investigation of animal systems and the functioning of these biological systems. It includes the study of study of how animals work and the physical and chemical processes that occur within animals. ... Veterinary physiology includes both anatomy and physiology of an animal. In veterinary education and research, biochemistry is highly relevant to the metabolism and function of animals in health and disease and forms the basis for an intelligent understanding of major aspects of veterinary science and animal husbandry.

Plant biotechnology complements plant breeding efforts by increasing the diversity of genes and germplasm available for incorporation into crops and by significantly shortening the time required for the production of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. This book has covered a range of syllabus and the student finds an easy way to go through this book content. This guide book has been prepared for students that they have acquired or gain fair knowledge of Plant biotechnology and easy presentation of language has written for a proper understanding of each and every topic. This book would serve not only for undergraduate but postgraduate students of biotechnology and also research scholar of various universities.

Fruits are an essential part of our diet. Minor fruits are referred to as the fruits that have been domesticated, have high value but are not grown widely. This book consists of ten chapters on various fruits and medicinal and aromatic plants. Each chapter consists of an introduction to fruits and medicinal plants. Give a brief explanation about the nutritional value, processing of minor fruits. This book also covers medicinal plants along with their medicinal value. It also gives information about the history of aromatic and medicinal plant. This book, which contains thousands of references and colorful photographs stands as unique of its own. Undergraduate, graduate students researchers, horticulturists, agricultural research scientists, fruit growers and Consumers across the world will find this book very informative as well as practical.