Bøker utgitt av De Gruyter

Silicon based materials and polymers are made of macromolecular organosilicones. These materials make up products in a variety of industries and products. This book covers the types of silicon-based materials that can be used to make up polymers including POSS, silicones, and organosilicon ligands. This book is ideal for researchers and as such covers the industrial perspective of using each class of material.

The aim of this book is to provide methods and algorithms for the optimization of input signals so as to estimate parameters in systems described by PDE's as accurate as possible under given constraints. The optimality conditions have their background in the optimal experiment design theory for regression functions and in simple but useful results on the dependence of eigenvalues of partial differential operators on their parameters. Examples are provided that reveal sometimes intriguing geometry of spatiotemporal input signals and responses to them. An introduction to optimal experimental design for parameter estimation of regression functions is provided. The emphasis is on functions having a tensor product (Kronecker) structure that is compatible with eigenfunctions of many partial differential operators. New optimality conditions in the time domain and computational algorithms are derived for D-optimal input signals when parameters of ordinary differential equations are estimated. They are used as building blocks for constructing D-optimal spatio-temporal inputs for systems described by linear partial differential equations of the parabolic and hyperbolic types with constant parameters. Optimality conditions for spatially distributed signals are also obtained for equations of elliptic type in those cases where their eigenfunctions do not depend on unknown constant parameters. These conditions and the resulting algorithms are interesting in their own right and, moreover, they are second building blocks for optimality of spatio-temporal signals. A discussion of the generalizability and possible applications of the results obtained is presented.

Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the edges of Europe were under pressure from the Ottoman Turks. This book explores how Shakespeare and his contemporaries represented places where Christians came up against Turks, including Malta, Tunis, Hungary, and Armenia. Some forms of Christianity itself might seem alien, so the book also considers the interface between traditional Catholicism, new forms of Protestantism, and Greek and Russian orthodoxy. But it also finds that the concept of Christendom was under threat in other places, some much nearer to home. Edges of Christendom could be found in areas that were or had been pagan, such as Rome itself and the Danelaw, which once covered northern England; they could even be found in English homes and gardens, where imported foreign flowers and exotic new ingredients challenged the concept of what was native and natural.

The author discusses how religious groups, especially Jews, Mormons and Jesuits, were labeled as foreign and constructed as political, moral and national threats in Scandinavia in different periods between c. 1790 and 1960. Key questions are who articulated such opinions, how was the threat depicted, and to what extent did it influence state policies towards these groups. A special focus is given to Norway, because the Constitution of 1814 included a ban against Jews (repelled in 1851) and Jesuits (repelled in 1956), and because Mormons were denied the status of a legal religion until freedom of religion was codified in the Constitution in 1964. The author emphasizes how the construction of religious minorities as perils of society influenced the definition of national identities in all Scandinavia, from the late 18th Century until well after WWII. The argument is that Jews, Mormons and Jesuits all were constructed as "e;anti-citizens"e;, as opposites of what it meant to be "e;good"e; citizens of the nation. The discourse that framed the need for national protection against foreign religious groups was transboundary. Consequently, transnational stereotypes contributed significantly in defining national identities.

Mit dem "e;Tractatus contra Graecos"e; (1252) eines anonymen Dominikaners aus dem noch jungen Konvent von Konstantinopel steht ein kontroverstheologisches Werk im Fokus dieses Buches, dessen Besonderheit sich aus seiner vielfaltigen Interaktion mit zeitgenossischen Diskursen ergibt und dessen Charakter als paradigmatisch fur die ost-westliche Konfliktkonstellation des Hoch- und Spatmittelalters samt ihren Auswirkungen auf heutige wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen von Kirche(n) und theologischen Traditionen gelten kann. Kontroverstheologie ist zu einem gewissen Grad immer auch making of"e;: Im Fall des "e;Tractatus contra Graecos"e; und von Werken seines theologischen Kontextes werden Bilder des jeweils Anderen bzw. des realen oder literarischen Gesprachspartners transportiert, der - wenn er den eigenen Erwartungen an den Verlauf und die Losung der Frage nach der Kircheneinheit nicht entsprach - vom Partner zum Feindbild wurde. Die Analyse dieser Bilder zeigt: Unter einer oft polemischen Textoberflache verbirgt sich bisweilen eine weit originellere Theologie, als man diesem Textgenre zutrauen wurde. Diese Theologie heraus- und in die Skizze mittelalterlicher Ekklesiologie einzuarbeiten ist das zentrale Leitmotiv dieses Buches.