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The book "Encyclopaedia of Horticulture and Allied Terms" is a humble attempt to bring all the important and related terms togeter and to define each term with utmost care, accuracy and completeness to provide a rational understanding which is readily accessible for the students, teachers, amateur gardeners, corporate sectors, and all professionals associated with Horticulture. The book includes the broad and diverse areas of Agriculture, Horticulture, Botany, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Genetic Engineering, Soil science, Chemistry, Farm management, Economics, Sociology, Statistics, Medicine, Agricultural Engineering, Agrometorology, etc in general and Pomology, Olericulture, Spices, Tea, Coffee, Rose, Wine, Post Harvest Technology, Processing, Bonsai, Flower arrangement, Pollen/Spore, Pesticides, Manures/Fertilizers, Natural/Synthetic chemicals, Instruments/ Implements/ Tools, Quality management, Water, etc in particular.

The book "Encyclopaedia of Horticulture and Allied Terms" is a humble attempt to bring all the important and related terms togeter and to define each term with utmost care, accuracy and completeness to provide a rational understanding which is readily accessible for the students, teachers, amateur gardeners, corporate sectors, and all professionals associated with Horticulture. The book includes the broad and diverse areas of Agriculture, Horticulture, Botany, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Genetic Engineering, Soil science, Chemistry, Farm management, Economics, Sociology, Statistics, Medicine, Agricultural Engineering, Agrometorology, etc in general and Pomology, Olericulture, Spices, Tea, Coffee, Rose, Wine, Post Harvest Technology, Processing, Bonsai, Flower arrangement, Pollen/Spore, Pesticides, Manures/Fertilizers, Natural/Synthetic chemicals, Instruments/ Implements/ Tools, Quality management, Water, etc in particular.

Crop protection is a major sector of agriculture which attempts to reduce the losses due to insect pests, diseases, nematodes and weeds which are a major constraint in the production and productivity of economically important crops. Indiscriminate and injudicious use of chemical pesticides has caused harm to human health and environment. Therefore, ecologically safe option of integrated pest management (IPM) considered as a springboard to sustainable crop management is a present day necessity. This book uniquely combines all major subjects on sustainable crop protection and discusses pest management strategies for major crops of economic importance. Utilisation of parasites, predators, entomopathogens, pheromone technology, maintenance of diversity and sanitary & phytosanitary measures are the major features of this book. In all 38 chapters written by experts in their respective fields have been included. The authors have very ably outlined the issues and problems of plant protection and suggested right blend of improved technologies and effective management options that are being utilized in the present day sustainable crop protection scenario. This book is a timely exercise and likely to be received with interest by researchers, teachers, students, extension workers, master trainers, agribusiness entrepreneurs, farmers and others interested in sustainable crop management.

Crop protection is a major sector of agriculture which attempts to reduce the losses due to insect pests, diseases, nematodes and weeds which are a major constraint in the production and productivity of economically important crops. Indiscriminate and injudicious use of chemical pesticides has caused harm to human health and environment. Therefore, ecologically safe option of integrated pest management (IPM) considered as a springboard to sustainable crop management is a present day necessity. This book uniquely combines all major subjects on sustainable crop protection and discusses pest management strategies for major crops of economic importance. Utilisation of parasites, predators, entomopathogens, pheromone technology, maintenance of diversity and sanitary & phytosanitary measures are the major features of this book. In all 38 chapters written by experts in their respective fields have been included. The authors have very ably outlined the issues and problems of plant protection and suggested right blend of improved technologies and effective management options that are being utilized in the present day sustainable crop protection scenario. This book is a timely exercise and likely to be received with interest by researchers, teachers, students, extension workers, master trainers, agribusiness entrepreneurs, farmers and others interested in sustainable crop management.

This book covers the physico-chemical and biological water quality status of various fresh water resources. It reflects new achievements of researchers in many countries, representing the current international level on water and wastewater treatment technology. This book could probably helpful as a reference guide for students and professional in the wastewater industry. It reflects the latest advances and critical topics in water supply and treatment.

This book covers the physico-chemical and biological water quality status of various fresh water resources. It reflects new achievements of researchers in many countries, representing the current international level on water and wastewater treatment technology. This book could probably helpful as a reference guide for students and professional in the wastewater industry. It reflects the latest advances and critical topics in water supply and treatment.

We are living in the ocean of microbes. These tiny microorganisms are responsible for creating atmosphere for the present day life forms. These microorganisms have immense potential to fulfill the need of the human kind. They can provide us food, fuel, fertilizer. They act as a sequesters, remediators, scavengers, and what not. The recent era is the era of biotechnology once we equipped ourself with the modern technology. It is easy to harness the potential of different microorganisms for the benefit of human kind particularly clean environment, quality food and non fossilized fuel. The judicial exploitation of microorganisms with the help of biotechnological tools not only help us to keep our environment clean, pollution free, but also help us to conserve the diversity and ultimately to protect the planet earth from any undesirable conditions. The present volume is a compendium of wide ranging current topics on microbiology, biotechnology and ecology. It is an assemblage of up to date knowledge of recent advances and development taking place in the field of microbial biotechnology and ecology. The book is a unique compilation of 50 chapters. The book "Microbial biotechnology and ecology grouped in three sections 1- Microbiology, 2-Biotechnology and 3- Ecology. The microbiology section includes about 22 articles on bacteria, cyanobacteria, VAM fungi, mushrooms. The biotechnological section includes biotechnological potential of various microorganisms and plants. In this section overall 16 articles are included. In the ecological section articles based on general ecology, bioindicators, eutropication, aquatic biodiversity, pollution etc. This section comprises of about 12 articles. The book is assemblage of scientific information contributed by eminent scientists of the country in the form of commoration volume, to give a scientific tribute to a great Mycologist and Plant Pathologist late Prof. Dr. K.M. Vyas. Who has devoted his life for the dissemination of science and scientific knowledge particularlyin the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

We are living in the ocean of microbes. These tiny microorganisms are responsible for creating atmosphere for the present day life forms. These microorganisms have immense potential to fulfill the need of the human kind. They can provide us food, fuel, fertilizer. They act as a sequesters, remediators, scavengers, and what not. The recent era is the era of biotechnology once we equipped ourself with the modern technology. It is easy to harness the potential of different microorganisms for the benefit of human kind particularly clean environment, quality food and non fossilized fuel. The judicial exploitation of microorganisms with the help of biotechnological tools not only help us to keep our environment clean, pollution free, but also help us to conserve the diversity and ultimately to protect the planet earth from any undesirable conditions. The present volume is a compendium of wide ranging current topics on microbiology, biotechnology and ecology. It is an assemblage of up to date knowledge of recent advances and development taking place in the field of microbial biotechnology and ecology. The book is a unique compilation of 50 chapters. The book "Microbial biotechnology and ecology grouped in three sections 1- Microbiology, 2-Biotechnology and 3- Ecology. The microbiology section includes about 22 articles on bacteria, cyanobacteria, VAM fungi, mushrooms. The biotechnological section includes biotechnological potential of various microorganisms and plants. In this section overall 16 articles are included. In the ecological section articles based on general ecology, bioindicators, eutropication, aquatic biodiversity, pollution etc. This section comprises of about 12 articles. The book is assemblage of scientific information contributed by eminent scientists of the country in the form of commoration volume, to give a scientific tribute to a great Mycologist and Plant Pathologist late Prof. Dr. K.M. Vyas. Who has devoted his life for the dissemination of science and scientific knowledge particularlyin the field of microbiology and biotechnology.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Microeconomic analysis in Agriculture', as it dealt all the basic concepts of Microeconomics and thus explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the context of explaining microeconomic aspects, this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered an analytical background considering examples from the micro-level aspects of agriculture to the extent possible. This is the first of its kind and the style of presentation is very simple and easy to understand for the student community. The important concepts of modern microeconomics like Game theory, Theory of Contestable Markets, Fixation of Minimum wages to labour etc., were also dealt in this book in a simplified manner. In this perspective, this book is extremely useful for all the students, who wish to pursue their career majoring in Economics in general and Agricultural Economics in particular. Further, it contains an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Micro-economics duly covering the latest syllabi as prescribed by the several universities in India, thereby, it helps the Academicians for better explanation of the concepts to the student community. The concepts are illustrated with neat graphical representations wherever necessary and they are well-explained to suit the requirements of student community. This book is very useful for the students pursuing B.Sc. (Agriculture), M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics), Ph.D (Agricultural Economics), BA, MA, B.Com, M.Com, JRF, NET, ARS, IAS, IFS and other competitive examinations.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Microeconomic analysis in Agriculture', as it dealt all the basic concepts of Microeconomics and thus explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the context of explaining microeconomic aspects, this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered an analytical background considering examples from the micro-level aspects of agriculture to the extent possible. This is the first of its kind and the style of presentation is very simple and easy to understand for the student community. The important concepts of modern microeconomics like Game theory, Theory of Contestable Markets, Fixation of Minimum wages to labour etc., were also dealt in this book in a simplified manner. In this perspective, this book is extremely useful for all the students, who wish to pursue their career majoring in Economics in general and Agricultural Economics in particular. Further, it contains an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Micro-economics duly covering the latest syllabi as prescribed by the several universities in India, thereby, it helps the Academicians for better explanation of the concepts to the student community. The concepts are illustrated with neat graphical representations wherever necessary and they are well-explained to suit the requirements of student community. This book is very useful for the students pursuing B.Sc. (Agriculture), M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics), Ph.D (Agricultural Economics), BA, MA, B.Com, M.Com, JRF, NET, ARS, IAS, IFS and other competitive examinations.

This book is a consolidation of the scattered information available in the form of research or review papers which has been suitably compiled and edited in a lucid and easily understandable format with adoptable recommendation for the benefit of all the stakeholders. The book is divided into three volumes with sub-titles of 1) General Issues, 2) Fruit Crops and 3) Vegetables, Flowers & Plantation Crops. Eminent research workers who have been engaged in the area of Postharvest Management in the NARS have contributed chapters on various subjects. Efforts have been made to incorporate information on status of cultivation, cultivars, association between pre-harvest crop management practices and quality after harvest, pack-house operations, storage and marketing for domestic and export trade. The book is also suitably illustrated with colour photographs, wherever necessary. Important references to each subject have been cited for detailed reading. It is hoped that this publication will be of immense value to all the stakeholders viz., horticultural entrepreneurs, retailers, wholesalers and exporters engaged in the supply chain of perishable horticultural produce, research scholars engaged in development of postharvest management technology and others in view of the objectives for which it has been written, i.e., reducing postharvest losses and delivering quality produce both in domestic and international market.

This book is a consolidation of the scattered information available in the form of research or review papers which has been suitably compiled and edited in a lucid and easily understandable format with adoptable recommendation for the benefit of all the stakeholders. The book is divided into three volumes with sub-titles of 1) General Issues, 2) Fruit Crops and 3) Vegetables, Flowers & Plantation Crops. Eminent research workers who have been engaged in the area of Postharvest Management in the NARS have contributed chapters on various subjects. Efforts have been made to incorporate information on status of cultivation, cultivars, association between pre-harvest crop management practices and quality after harvest, pack-house operations, storage and marketing for domestic and export trade. The book is also suitably illustrated with colour photographs, wherever necessary. Important references to each subject have been cited for detailed reading. It is hoped that this publication will be of immense value to all the stakeholders viz., horticultural entrepreneurs, retailers, wholesalers and exporters engaged in the supply chain of perishable horticultural produce, research scholars engaged in development of postharvest management technology and others in view of the objectives for which it has been written, i.e., reducing postharvest losses and delivering quality produce both in domestic and international market.

This book is a consolidation of the scattered information available in the form of research or review papers which has been suitably compiled and edited in a lucid and easily understandable format with adoptable recommendation for the benefit of all the stakeholders. The book is divided into three volumes with sub-titles of 1) General Issues, 2) Fruit Crops and 3) Vegetables, Flowers & Plantation Crops. Eminent research workers who have been engaged in the area of Postharvest Management in the NARS have contributed chapters on various subjects. Efforts have been made to incorporate information on status of cultivation, cultivars, association between pre-harvest crop management practices and quality after harvest, pack-house operations, storage and marketing for domestic and export trade. The book is also suitably illustrated with colour photographs, wherever necessary. Important references to each subject have been cited for detailed reading. It is hoped that this publication will be of immense value to all the stakeholders viz., horticultural entrepreneurs, retailers, wholesalers and exporters engaged in the supply chain of perishable horticultural produce, research scholars engaged in development of postharvest management technology and others in view of the objectives for which it has been written, i.e., reducing postharvest losses and delivering quality produce both in domestic and international market.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Agricultural Marketing', as it dealt all the basic concepts of marketing of agricultural produce in India and thus, explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the field of agricultural marketing, this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered simple and lucid explanation for different concepts and primarily designed as an aid for those teaching agricultural marketing. This material is relevant to undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing Agricultural Marketing Management, Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness Management etc. This book harbours an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Agricultural Marketing duly covering the latest syllabi as prescribed by the several State Agricultural Universities in India. Hope this volume will also be very useful to the students, who desire to be competent enough in various competitive examinations.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Agricultural Marketing', as it dealt all the basic concepts of marketing of agricultural produce in India and thus, explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the field of agricultural marketing, this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered simple and lucid explanation for different concepts and primarily designed as an aid for those teaching agricultural marketing. This material is relevant to undergraduate and postgraduate students pursuing Agricultural Marketing Management, Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness Management etc. This book harbours an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Agricultural Marketing duly covering the latest syllabi as prescribed by the several State Agricultural Universities in India. Hope this volume will also be very useful to the students, who desire to be competent enough in various competitive examinations.

Zoonoses describe diseases that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans. Zoonotic diseases are common and are caused by various types of agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites. The present book entitled "Zoonoses: Infectious Diseases of Animals Transmissible to Humans" is divided into five sections which encompasses all essentials aspects of zoonoses. The first section deals with general aspects of zoonoses. The second section is devoted to bacterial zoonoses which includes, anthrax, bartonelloses, borrelioses, brucellosis, chlamydial infections, ehrlichioses, erysipeloid, glanders, leptospirosis, listeriosis, melioidosis, pasteurelloses, plague, rat bite fever, rickettsioses, staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, tuberculosis, tularemia and foodborne bacterial diseases. The third section, viral zoonoses deals with zoonoses caused by rhabdoviruses, prions, orthomyxoviruses, coronaviruses, poxviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses and foodborne viral diseases. The section fourth, fungal zoonoses deals with aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, dermatophytosis, histoplasmosis, rhinosporidiosis, sporotrichosis. In section fifth, parasitic diseases describes the parasitic zoonoses caused by protozoa, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and arthropods. Important references have been cited for detailed study. This book has been designed particularly for the B.V.Sc. & A.H. students, postgraduate students of Veterinary Public Health, veterinary professionals, planners, practitioners dealing with animal and public health and also important for the aspirants of NET/ARS and other allied examinations.

Finishing is a series of processing operations applied to a textile material to improve its appearance, handle and functional properties. The present book "Textile Finishing: Basic Concepts and Application" is specially designed to meet the requirements of students persuing diploma and degree courses in textile institutions. The first chapter of the book covers the classification of finishing of textile fabric and also focuses on important chemicals used in textile finishing. The second chapter covers mechanical finishing as well as heat setting and other treatments. Information on functional finishing with a unique approach to understand about finishing is described in chapter third. The fourth chapter includes special purpose finishes and also highlights in silicones for multifunctional finishing, micro / macro/ nano finishing and water repellent finishing. The fifth chapter examines the modern finishing technology and systems, which describes the process of material development and the different stages of application and ends with a review of the mechanisms. This book will be of greater use for the textile students and the faculty who mentor them.

This book has been designed on Techniques of Mushroom Cultivation comprising methods, practices of spawn production and mushroom cultivation including technological advancements made during the course of time. Due to increasing importance of mushroom cultivation, the most of the educational institutions has introduced courses related to mushroom under Post-graduate (PG) and Under-graduate (UG) programmes. The book will be useful not only for the students and teachers, but also for researchers, extension workers to grasp the principle and techniques of different kinds of mushroom production as it contains recent protocols and hands on reproducible and reliable methods of mushroom cultivation. This book deals with techniques right from preparation of culture, preparation of substrates, production management, spawn production, cultivation of different edible mushrooms to post-harvest handling and value added products, written and compiled in a simple and pedagogic manner.

In my professional career as field biologist, I came across thousands of people with diverse background, from politicians to policy-makers, and from indigenous people to intellectuals-Harnath and Sharmishtha Jagawat do not fit into any of them. They belong to an unusual class of India's rural development practitioners. Harnath is an idealistic institutional leader, who always looks far into the future to eradicate poverty plaguing the drylands. His creativity, administrative aptitude and physical robustness brought up in the remote Chambal valley from childhood embodied with the upbeat spirit armored by his competence and genuine big-heartedness helped countless farming communities for over four decades by his tireless social work centered on irrigation water. In contrast, Sharmishtha is a down-to-earth person, who bows down to greet all humans irrespective of their age and status-from children to chief ministers, she expresses her lovely enthusiasm with genuine human touch. In this book, the author, who is Tata Visiting Chair at N M Sadguru Water and Development Foundation, highlights their enormous contributions to India's rural development eradicating poverty while revolutionizing village-level food security.

Feed and seed are the major inputs in any aquaculture enterprises. This "Practical Manual on Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology" is written as per syllabus of B.F.Sc. prescribed by ICAR, New Delhi. This manual contains 19 chapters. This practical manual provides an ideal text for better understanding of evaluation of aqua feeds and feed formation methods. This book is an essential text for the students, teachers and researchers working in the field of aquaculture, fish nutrition and feed technology.

The book, "Practical Manual of Fisheries" is contemplated to fulfil the long standing needs to guide the fisheries work in field studies. The book starts with the standard statistical methods required to conduct fish culture experiments for testing a hypothesis and for presentation and interpretation of data. As a pre-requisite, evaluation and assessment of aquatic communities in a body of water, whether for experiment or for commercial fish culture is described in details, both for plant and animal communities, group wise as to the sample collection, preservation and quantitative and qualitative assessment. The fish, the ultimate end product is dealt in a separate chapter, highlighting the assessment of population, their behavior, method of collection and the bioassay techniques together with it application. The basic knowledge of fish anatomy and other physiological systems and their inventory is narrated in a chapter with the exception of fish embryology and reproduction of fish. Reproduction of different groups of fish and commercial fish breeding, methods of cultivation for optimum production is dealt in details. The knowledge on food and feeding habits of fish, various methods of analysis of their gut contents, determination of age and growth rate by examining scale and hard parts is given special emphasis in this regard. Investigations on the pollution of water bodies, the cause of fish diseases, their symptoms and prevention and control is discussed. The field study of fish population census, biological investigations of water bodies with regard to evaluation of their fish productive capacities, impoundment surveys and the creation of new fishing waters are described in details. Chemical water analysis essential for fish production together with the significance of each parameter is also mentioned in the book as a ready reconer. Special importance on the methodology on brackish water shrimp farming is given in the last chapter of the book. The manual will be useful to students, researchers and teachers in field studies.

Heavy metals, individually & their compounds can affect human health. These are all naturally occurring substances which are often present in the environment at low levels. In high levels, these can be dangerous. Toxic heavy metals entering the ecosystem may lead to geo-accumulation, bio-accumulation and bio-magnifications. Due to their widespread use in human activities such as industry, agriculture and even as medicine numerous health risks may be associated with exposure to these substances. Their toxicity depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure, and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional status of exposed individuals. These metallic elements are considered systemic toxicants that are known to induce multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure. Considering the importance of this subject, the present book "Metallic contamination and its Toxicity" gives an overview of the main features of heavy metal and their health consequences. The present book provides sufficient information on toxicology and risk assessment & remedial measures. This book will be useful to Environmentalist, Scientist, Researchers, Industrialists, Social workers and Toxicologists providing useful data. This will help to setup standards/guideline to protect human health & environmental hazard from heavy metal.

This book provides comprehensive information on the Intellectual Property Rights [IPR] in one compact volume in question answer form. Hope this volume would be useful to the students, researchers, plant breeders, design developers, artists, musicians, private seed companies, etc. This will also be useful to those appearing in various competitive examinations such as JRF, SRF, NET, SET, bank officers, agriculture officers, etc.

This book provides comprehensive information on Cotton Breeding in one compact volume. Hope this book would be useful to the students, researchers, plant breeders and seed producers engaged with cotton crop.

The present book is written to acquaint the readers to e-Resource Management System for Libraries. Greater emphasis is focused on access methods to electronic resources, challenges and opportunities of e-collection and management, use of e-resources: a boon to user of academic librarians, electronic books: an eco-friendly learning tools, electronic resources in higher education libraries and its familiarity and use of internet based e-resources and web services. It also covers laws of library science, trends, challenges and opportunities for LIS education, e-technology: a golden opportunities for farmers, fisheries and aquaculture, management of agricultural information and knowledge, application of social networking services for library, information security for academic library and protecting copyright in e-environment. The information contained in this book would be an invaluable asset for the librarians, students and teachers in the field of library and information sciences, agriculture and fisheries. This book is also a valuable reference source for anyone interested in knowing more about electronic resource management system.

This book contains lots of information regarding Indian Forest and Environment. Problems of environmental degradation such as population, land degradation and soil erosion, deforestation, air pollution, development -vs- environment etc. are dealt in this book. History of killing wild animals by the British people in India and by the Rajas and Maharajas of India prior to our independence and distribution of wild life at Indian sub-continent, relation of forest and wild life etc. are also discussed in this book. Some critics of wild life protection Act, 1972 are also included. History of formation of Rural Panchayat at Assam and its development and inclusion of Social Forestry Programme at Assam Panchayat Act, 1994 is presented here. Economic importance of Bamboo, its utilization, silvicultural character of this plant and flowering nature of this species are incorporate in this book. Joint Forest Management in North East India is penning here to focus the origin and development of JFM system in NE Region of India. Immense information of Kaziranga National Park during 7th decade of last century is furnished here including its wildlife population, problems of management and wildlife census at Kaziranga during 1978. The present book will be useful to the students, research scholars, eco planners, scientists in the field of environment and forest. In short, this book is helpful for every one who is seeking a clear cut understanding of the environment and forest.

The book is divided into seven segments: Insect diversity and conservation, environmental toxicology of insects, insect taxonomy, insect behaviour, medicinal value of insects, Insects as food for human and livestock, and insect pest management. In the first segment there is a general discussion on the biodiversity and conservation of insects with emphasis on India, next will be a chapter on grasshopper diversity, followed by how acridid grasshoppers play an important role in conserving forest ecosystem health. In the second segment it will be discovered how heavy metal pollution is impacting grasshopper population. The third segment will dealing with a wide taxonomical review on the order Diptera that have medical importance. In the fourth segment the foraging behaviour of two ant species has been revealed. In the fifth segment you will gain knowledge about nutraceuticals and medicinal insects that is yet a very less explored field. In the sixth segment we have tried to put some lights on the edible insects of Latin American countries, which will followed by a discussion on a very special group of Mexican edible hemipteran: The Jumiles. The last chapter of this segment will disclose nutrients and anti-nutrients of a potential food insect from India. In the concluding seventh segment ideas of pest control using semiochemicals will be revealed that are most recent eco-friendly way for pest management. This segment will be concluded with a discussion on the management of a very special and devastating group: The Locusts. We are very sure that readers will enjoy this book and the information provided in this book will be utilized by the researchers working on insect science across the globe.

Biodiversity is a key factor in maintaining balance of nature and it also provides a large number of goods and services which sustain human lives. Rich biodiversity is wealth of any nation. The present volume "Biodiversity of Horticultural Crops (Vol. VI)" has 14 chapters authored by 36 scientists of various institutes which covers various aspects of biodiversity. It carries two preambles one on Biological Diversity Act-2002 and National Biodiversity Authority-2003 and second on Delhi Declaration on Agrobiodiversity Management. The chapter 1 and 2 carry information on biological diversity and assessment of endemism and biovarsity among 34 hotspots of the world. Chapter 3 to 14 deal with biodiversity in underutilized fruits of arid region, acid lime, banana in Tripura, pear, cluster bean, kale, onion, ridge gourd, large cardamom, cocoa, African oil palm and Genomics of oil palm. It is hoped that this volume will be interest of students, teachers, researchers, ecoplanners, botanists, agriculturists, policy makers and all amateurs and professional having concern with horticultural crops.

This book is the outcome of 33 years of research experience of different research works conducted by the authors and other colleagues. The contents of the book covers the syllabus on the subject matters related to both social sciences and applied sciences research. This book is design to create awareness about the emergency trends in agriculture designing, developing new economics process to the target peoples and provide a platform for forthcoming researchers.

Biodigester Technology of DRDO has provided a decent on-board solution to the problem of unhygienic discharge of human excreta on railway tracks. Biodigesters are not only cost effective practical solution of on-board sanitation but are also space saving and maintenance free. They work efficiently against all temperature variables, fluctuating number of commuters, and require less water and no electricity for their functioning. Indian Railways has already installed thousands of biodigesters and has decided to fit all its passenger coaches with biodigester based biotoilets. This book is an endeavour to compile the information about the Biodigester Technology developed for Indian Railways. The book has been arranged into seven chapters covering aspects on the impact of human waste on sanitation and diseases, efforts of Indian Railways for onboard disposal of human waste and the technological developments of biodigester during its adoption in Indian Railways, and finally future R&D prospects for improvement in the Biodigester Technology. It is believed that the book will create awareness about sanitation in society and facilitate the policy makers to adopt this technology for safe and scientific disposal of human waste in rural and urban societies in addition to Indian Railways.