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The book presents recent advances in the theory of neural control for discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. The simulation results that appear in each chapter include rigorous mathematical analyses, based on the Lyapunov approach, to establish its properties. The book contains two sections: the first focuses on the analyses of control techniques; the second is dedicated to illustrating results of real-time applications. It also provides solutions for the output trajectory tracking problem of unknown nonlinear systems based on sliding modes and inverse optimal control scheme."This book on Discrete-time Recurrent Neural Control is unique in the literature, with new knowledge and information about the new technique of recurrent neural control especially for discrete-time systems.The book is well organized and clearly presented. It will be welcome by a wide range of researchers in science and engineering, especially graduate students and junior researchers who want to learn the new notion of recurrent neural control. I believe it will have a good market.It is an excellent book after all."- Guanrong Chen, City University of Hong Kong"This book includes very relevant topics, about neural control. In these days, Artificial Neural Networks have been recovering their relevance and well-stablished importance, this due to its great capacity to process big amounts of data. Artificial Neural Networks development always is related to technological advancements; therefore, it is not a surprise that now we are being witnesses of this new era in Artificial Neural Networks, however most of the developments in this research area only focuses on applicability of the proposed schemes. However, Edgar N. Sanchez author of this book does not lose focus and include both important applications as well as a deep theoretical analysis of Artificial Neural Networks to control discrete-time nonlinear systems. It is important to remark that first, the considered Artificial Neural Networks are development in discrete-time this simplify its implementation in real-time; secondly, the proposed applications ranging from modelling of unknown discrete-time on linear systems to control electrical machines with an emphasize to renewable energy systems. However, its applications are not limited to these kind of systems, due to their theoretical foundation it can be applicable to a large class of nonlinear systems. All of these is supported by the solid research done by the author."- Alma Y. Alanis, University of Guadalajara, Mexico"This book discusses in detail; how neural networks can be used for optimal as well as robust control design. Design of neural network controllers for real time applications such as induction motors, boost converters, inverted pendulum and doubly fed induction generators has also been carried out which gives the book an edge over other similar titles. This book will be an asset for the novice to the experienced ones."- Rajesh Joseph Abraham, Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

Reducing power outage time to each customer is essential to the overall distribution reliability. This book provides the fundamentals of emergency operation using a graph-theoretic approach and exploration of the subsystem(s) that address the operational aspects of electrical fault occurrence to determine possible feeder reconfiguration. The localization of a faulted segment within a feeder involves remote-controlled normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) switches through supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) between radially energized, interconnected feeders. Topics cover: (1) Data extraction from geographic information systems (GIS), (2) Graph modeling of distribution feeders, (3) Programming for backward/forward sweeping unbalanced power flow, (4) Short circuit analysis and fault localization, (5) Fault isolation, temporary and full service restoration, (6) Outage management and crew coordination, (7) Trouble call tickets and escalation to search for fault, and (8) Emerging subject of distribution management systems (DMS). FEATURESNovel and practical textbook that will help to understand distribution operation in graph theoryShow how to convert GIS coordinate datasets to graph and how to troubleshoot the geometry errorsExplain how to troubleshoot power flow divergence due to the bad metering datasets and allocation factor (AF) for each load within primary and secondary networksSimilar platform as DMS environment, but the graduate students have their hands-on experience to implement the applications in the MATLAB environmentDetailed modeling in graph theory of distribution feeders and possible reconfiguration to locate power outage

Heterogeneous Computing Architectures: Challenges and Vision provides an updated vision of the state-of-the-art of heterogeneous computing systems, covering all the aspects related to their design: from the architecture and programming models to hardware/software integration and orchestration to real-time and security requirements. The transitions from multicore processors, GPU computing, and Cloud computing are not separate trends, but aspects of a single trend-mainstream; computers from desktop to smartphones are being permanently transformed into heterogeneous supercomputer clusters. The reader will get an organic perspective of modern heterogeneous systems and their future evolution.

Calculus of variations has a long history. Its fundamentals were laid down by icons of mathematics like Euler and Lagrange. It was once heralded as the panacea for all engineering optimization problems by suggesting that allone needed to do was to state a variational problem, apply the appropriate Euler-Lagrange equation and solve the resulting differential equation.This, as most all encompassing solutions, turned out to be not always true and the resulting differential equations are not necessarily easy to solve. On the other hand, many of the differential equations commonly used in various fields of engineering are derived from a variational problem. Hence it is an extremely important topic justifying the new edition of this book.This third edition extends the focus of the book to academia and supports both variational calculus and mathematical modeling classes. The newly added sections, extended explanations, numerous examples and exercises aid the students in learning, the professors in teaching, and the engineers in applying variational concepts.

2014 International Conference on Multimedia, Communication and Computing Application (MCCA2014), Xiamen, China, Oct 16-17, 2014, provided a forum for experts and scholars of excellence from all over the world to present their latest work in the area of multimedia, communication and computing applications. In recent years, the multimedia technology has experienced rapid developments and applications are widely used in both our daily life and industrial manufacturing, such as games, education, entertainment, stocks and bonds, financial transactions, architectural design, communication etc. MCCA2014 received a large number of papers of which ninety-three papers were accepted for publicationg. These articles were divided into different sections: multimedia processing, communication systems, artificial intelligence.

First Published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

"The Landscape Photography Field Guide" provides a complete pro reference in a compact book which can be carried in even the most compact camera bag. With sections on core skills, shooting for digital, and even advanced techniques like 3D, this book is everything a photographer on the move could need.

The first in the Focus Series on Global Science Education, The Whys of a Scientific Life examines why scientists do what they do. Working from a diverse background in scientific research, including academic departments of physics and chemistry, as well as the scientific civil service, the author describes the choices scientists make. Fundamentally, a scientist asks questions based on curiosity. In addition, the environment is very important. By influencing their elected governments, society itself shapes the scientific research that is undertaken by scientists. This book follows on naturally from the author's last book, Skills for a Scientific Life, which is a how-to guide for scientists and those that aspire to engage in science as a career.Key Features:User friendly and concise, this text dissects the whys of science and discoveryThe author has outstanding experience in mentoring science students and staff, and also in outreach activities for the public and students of all ages including schoolsThe final chapter emphasises the joys of the scientist in research

Social media has spread rapidly on the global stage, driving consumers' attention and influence, both consciously and subconsciously. Whilst this type of platform may have been initially designed as a tool for open communication and expression, it is also being utilized as a digital tool, with widescale use cases. The intelligence explosion, information overload and disinformation play a significant part regarding individual, group and country perceptions. The complex nature of this data explosion created an increasing demand and use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), to help provide 'big insights' to 'big data'. AI and ML enable the analysis and dissemination of vast amounts of data, however the ungoverned pace at which AI and autonomous systems have been deployed, has created unforeseen problems. Many algorithms and AI systems have been trained on limited or unverified datasets, creating inbuilt and unseen biases. Where these algorithmic tools have been deployed in high impact systems, there are documented occurrences of disastrous decision making and outcomes that have negatively impacted people and communities. Little to no work had been conducted in its vulnerability and ability to exploit AI itself. So, AI and autonomous systems, whilst being a force for societal good, could have the potential to create and exacerbate societies greatest challenges. This is a cohesive volume that addresses challenging problems and presents a range of innovative approaches and discussion.

The book, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, presents a treatise on nanosensors technology including wearables, implantable devices and wireless tools. The recent pandemic (COVID-19) has changed the behaviour of people towards diagnosis of infectious diseases and monitoring remote patient health status in real-time. The main focus of this book is the basic concepts of nanomaterials and sensing paradigms for medical devices based on nanosensor technology. The book will be valuable to researchers, engineers and scientists interested in the field of healthcare for monitoring health status in real-time.

Food technology has adopted new principles and practices that are rapidly changing the food sector. New foods are now available under more uniform standards and better quality control. Globalised food market offers opportunities for manufacturers to increase production and profit, and at the same time, consumers benefit from the choice of food products like never before. All this is possible only because of the innovations in the food sector. One of such innovations is encapsulation technology, which aims to preserve food quality, enhance the sensorial properties of food and increase the efficiency in food processing. This book discusses the uses of encapsulation technology in food practices and conventional processes and also highlights new directions in food processing. In the introductory chapters' review of encapsulation technologies, carrier materials and criteria for their selection, analytical methods for characterisation of encapsulated products and some aspects of product design and process optimisation. The most important achievements of encapsulation technology in the food sector are reviewed in the later chapters related to encapsulation of food ingredients, food biocatalysts and examples of usage of encapsulated active ingredients in the dairy and meat industry, beverage production, etc. In addition, the implementation of nanotechnology in the food sector is reviewed, emphasizing the most important materials and technologies for the production of nanoencapsulates. The book is a valuable source of information on encapsulation technology, for academia and industry, especially the food sector, with the aim of enhancing knowledge transfer.

This book, Extremophiles: General and Plant Biomass Based Biorefinery, explores the potential of extremophiles in industries and biomass based biorefinery. The book sheds light on diversity and various applications of thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, alkaliphiles and acidophiles for the production of value-added products including biofuels, extremozymes, etc. The chapters comprehensively emphasize the utility of extremophiles in sustainable biorefinery bioprocesses. This book is an integrated source of literature for scientists, engineers, academicians, and students working in the area of extremophiles, microbial technology and biorefinery.

Methodologies for Biosimilar Product Development covers the practical and challenging issues that are commonly encountered during the development, review, and approval of a proposed biosimilar product. These practical and challenging issues include, but are not limited to the mix-up use of interval hypotheses testing (i.e., the use of TOST) and confidence interval approach, a risk/benefit assessment for non-inferiority/similarity margin, PK/PD bridging studies with multiple references, the detection of possible reference product change over time, design and analysis of biosimilar switching studies, the assessment of sensitivity index for assessment of extrapolation across indications without collecting data from those indications not under study, and the feasibility and validation of non-medical switch post-approval.Key Features:Reviews withdrawn draft guidance on analytical similarity assessment.Evaluates various methods for analytical similarity evaluation based on FDA's current guidelines.Provides a general approach for the use of n-of-1 trial design for assessment of interchangeability.Discusses the feasibility and validity of the non-medical switch studies.Provides innovative thinking for detection of possible reference product change over time.This book embraces innovative thinking of design and analysis for biosimilar studies, which are required for review and approval of biosimilar regulatory submissions.

This proceedings volume brings together peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, held 10-11 December 2014, in Hong Kong, China. Specific topics under consideration include Computational Intelligence, Computer Science and its Applications, Intelligent Information Processing and Knowledge Engineering, Intelligent Networks and Instruments, Multimedia Signal Processing and Analysis, Intelligent Computer-Aided Design Systems and other related topics. This book provides readers a state-of-the-art survey of recent innovations and research worldwide in Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, in so-doing furthering the development and growth of these research fields, strengthening international academic cooperation and communication, and promoting the fruitful exchange of research ideas. This volume will be of interest to professionals and academics alike, serving as a broad overview of the latest advances in the dynamic field of Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering.

Carbon membranes have great advantages of strong mechanical strength and high chemical stabilities, as well as high separation performance to reach the industrial attractive region. Further improvement on membrane performance can potentially offset the relatively high production cost compared to polymeric membranes. However, there are still some challenges related to fabrication of asymmetric carbon membranes, the controlling of structure and pore-size and module up-scaling for commercial application. The aim of this book is to provide the fundamentals on carbon membrane materials for the young researchers and engineers to develop frontier membrane materials for energy efficient separation process.This book describes the status and perspectives of both self-supported and supported carbon membranes from fundamentals to applications. The key steps on the development of high performance carbon membranes including precursor selection, tuning carbon membrane structure and regeneration are discussed. In the end, different potential applications both in gas and liquids separation are well described, and the future directions for carbon membrane development were pointed out. To this end, membrane science and engineering are set to play crucial roles as enabling technologies to provide energy efficient and cost-effective future solutions for energy and environment related processes. Based on this approach the research projects which are trying to find attractive carbon materials in our days are many. The published papers, per year, in the topic of carbon membranes, especially for biogas upgrading, natural gas sweetening and hydrogen purification, are numerous with very high impact. However, only few are the books which include relevant to the topic of carbon membrane technology. This book offers the condensed and interdisciplinary knowledge on carbon membranes, and provides the opportunity to the scientists who are working in the field of carbon membrane technology for gas and liquid separations to present, share, and discuss their contributions within the membrane community.

Urban Drainage and Storage Practices focuses on the latest developments in urban stormwater design methods using drainage and storage approaches for both water quality and quantity control. It covers both the conventional approaches to flood mitigation and low-impact methods for stormwater quality enhancement. Theory, practice, and modeling methods are presented to illustrate how to build a holistic stormwater drainage and storage system using urban open space and parks through multiple land use.Each chapter provides background theory, numerical experiments, illustrations, and Excel spreadsheets that outline design and calculation procedures. All urban watersheds are modeled as a series of cascading planes to drain stormwater from upstream roofs and parking lots onto downstream grass areas and vegetal beds. The drainage system is designed as a three-layer cascading system with various low-impact units for micro events, conveyance elements for minor events, and storage facilities for macro events. This book:presents the theory and practice of designing and building a stormwater systemexplains green approaches to designing and managing urban stormwater systems.This text is ideal for senior and graduate students studying urban hydrology, hydraulic engineering, and water resource management. It will also be useful for engineers requiring a technical book with hands-on practical examples.

Understanding Interaction explores the interaction between people and technology in the broader context of the relations between the human-made and the natural environments. It is not just about digital technologies - our computers, smartphones, the Internet - but all our technologies, such as mechanical, electrical, and electronic. Our ancestors started creating mechanical tools and shaping their environments millions of years ago, developing cultures and languages, which in turn influenced our evolution. Volume 1 looks into this deep history, starting from the tool-creating period (the longest and most influential on our physical and mental capacities) to the settlement period (agriculture, domestication, villages and cities, written language), the industrial period (science, engineering, reformation, and renaissance), and finally the communication period (mass media, digital technologies, and global networks). Volume 2 looks into humans in interaction - our physiology, anatomy, neurology, psychology, how we experience and influence the world, and how we (think we) think. From this transdisciplinary understanding, design approaches and frameworks are presented to potentially guide future developments and innovations. The aim of the book is to be a guide and inspiration for designers, artists, engineers, psychologists, media producers, social scientists, etc., and, as such, be useful for both novices and more experienced practitioners. a Image Credit: Still of interactive video pattern created with a range of motion sensors in the Facets kaleidoscopic algorithm (based underwater footage of seaweed movement) by the author on 4 February 2010, for a lecture at Hyperbody at the Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft, NL.

While we need to work more with a systems approach, there are not many books that provide theory and applications. This book fills that need as it presents a comprehensive collection of systems engineering models. Each of the models are fully covered with guidelines of how and why to use them, along with case studies.

This fully updated second edition of The Physics of Phonons remains the most comprehensive theoretical discussion devoted to the study of phonons, a major area of condensed matter physics.It contains exciting new sections on phonon-related properties of solid surfaces, atomically thin materials (such as graphene and monolayer transition metal chalcogenides), in addition to nano- structures and nanocomposites, thermoelectric nanomaterials, and topological nanomaterials, with an entirely new chapter dedicated to topological nanophononics and chiralphononics. Although primarily theoretical in approach, the author refers to experimental results wherever possible, ensuring an ideal book for both experimental and theoretical researchers.The author begins with an introduction to crystal symmetry and continues with a discussion of lattice dynamics in the harmonic approximation, including the traditional phenomenological approach and the more recent ab initio approach, detailed for the first time in this book. A discussion of anharmonicity is followed by the theory of lattice thermal conductivity, presented at a level far beyond that available in any other book. The chapter on phonon interactions is likewise more comprehensive than any similar discussion elsewhere. The sections on phonons in superlattices, impure and mixed crystals, quasicrystals, phonon spectroscopy, Kapitza resistance, and quantum evaporation also contain material appearing in book form for the first time. The book is complemented by numerous diagrams that aid understanding and is comprehensively referenced for further study. With its unprecedented wide coverage of the field, The Physics of Phonons is an indispensable guide for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers working in condensed matter physics and materials science.FeaturesFully updated throughout, with exciting new coverage on graphene, nanostructures and nanocomposites, thermoelectric nanomaterials, and topological nanomaterials.Authored by an authority on phonons.Interdisciplinary, with broad applications through condensed matter physics, nanoscience, and materials science.--

Volume 23, entitled Molecular Bio-Sensors and the Role of Metal Ions, of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences (MILS) represents a milestone of contemporary progress and understanding of molecular bio-sensors for metal ions. It is bringing together the latest research in academia and industry, and it also emphasizes the spectrum of evolving regulations from regulatory bodies. This vibrant research area is covered by 31 internationally recognized experts. The impact of MILS-23 is manifested by more than 1300 references and close to 200 figures, more than 100 of them in color; further information is summarized in several tables. In conclusion, Volume 23 significantly advances our understanding of Molecular Bio-Sensors, it is therefore an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from earth sciences, material sciences, physics, pharmacology, enzymology, analytical, organic, and inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic.¿ It provides an understanding of the roles that metals play in living systems.¿ It offers an insight for the demands needed in the clinic.¿ It reveals the interplay between bio-sensors and therapies.¿The Series METAL IONS IN LIFE SCIENCES increases our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes. The volumes reflect the interdisciplinary nature of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and coordinate the efforts of researchers in fields like biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, coordination chemistry, molecular and structural biology, enzymology, toxicology, environmental chemistry, biophysics, pharmacy, and medicine. The volumes deal with the formation, stability, structure, and reactivity of metal-containing biological compounds of low and high molecular weight. The metabolism and transport of metal ions and their complexes as well as new models of complicated natural structures and processes are in the focus. Consequently, the volumes are an essential source for researchers in the mentioned fields as well as for teachers preparing courses, e.g., in Bioinorganic Chemistry.

Handbook of Forensic Statistics is a collection of chapters by leading authorities in forensic statistics. Written for statisticians, scientists, and legal professionals having a broad range of statistical expertise, it summarizes and compares basic methods of statistical inference (frequentist, likelihoodist, and Bayesian) for trace and other evidence that links individuals to crimes, the modern history and key controversies in the field, and the psychological and legal aspects of such scientific evidence.Specific topics include uncertainty in measurements and conclusions; statistically valid statements of weight of evidence or source conclusions; admissibility and presentation of statistical findings; and the state of the art of methods (including problems and pitfalls) for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data in such areas as forensic biology, chemistry, and pattern and impression evidence. The particular types of evidence that are discussed include DNA, latent fingerprints, firearms and toolmarks, glass, handwriting, shoeprints, and voice exemplars.