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This Element argues that aesthetics broadly conceived plays a significant role in Wittgenstein's philosophy. In doing so, it draws on the interpretative tradition that emphasizes affinities between Wittgenstein's thought and Kant's philosophy. Following the chronology of Wittgenstein's philosophical work, this Element addresses Wittgenstein's early equation between ethics and aesthetics, his middle-period discussion on the normative character of aesthetic judgments and the possibility of their justification, and his later comparison between language and music. As a whole, it traces a continuous line of thought pertaining to a non-conceptual form of encounter with reality, which is developed in close conjunction with aesthetics and contributes to Wittgenstein's understanding of language and the method of philosophy throughout his career. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

"Founding psychologist William James famously called for pluralism, valuing psychology's range of theoretical and philosophical foundations, methods and perspectives. In this book, Araujo and Osbeck investigate the meanings of pluralism across James's writings, connecting them to psychological research and theory today"--

"This volume explores how language, and particularly abstract language, shapes our thought. Academic researchers and graduate students in philosophy of language and cognitive sciences will benefit"--

"Tracing the variety of printed commodities that were circulating in the urban sphere, Agnes Gehbald provides a comprehensive study of print culture in Peru in the decades before Independence. An important volume for those interested in the history of books beyond the European market"--

"Theory of Machines and Mechanisms Uniquely comprehensive and precise, this thoroughly updated sixth edition of the well-established and respected textbook is ideal for the complete study of the kinematics and dynamics of machines. With a strong emphasis on intuitive graphical methods, and accessible approaches to vector analysis, students are given all the essential background, notation, and nomenclature needed to understand the various independent technical approaches that exist in the field of mechanisms, kinematics, and dynamics, which are presented with clarity and coherence. This revised edition features updated coverage, and new worked examples alongside over 840 figures, over 620 end-of-chapter problems, and a solutions manual for instructors. John J. Uicker is a Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A pioneering researcher on matrix methods of linkage analysis, he was the first to derive the general dynamic equations of motion for rigid-body articulated mechanical systems. He served on several national committees of ASME and SAE. John was a founding member of the U.S. Council for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, and served as Editor-in-Chief of the federation journal Mechanism and Machine Theory. Gordon R. Pennock is an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. He is a member of the Commission on Standards and Terminology, the International Federation for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms. He has also served as the Technical Committee Chairman of Mechanical Design, Internal Combustion Engine Division, and Chairman of the Mechanisms and Robotics Committee, ASME. Gordon is a Fellow of ASME, a Fellow of SAE, and a Fellow and Chartered Engineer of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, United Kingdom. Joseph E. Shigley (deceased May 1994) was a Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan and a Fellow of ASME. He received the Mechanisms Committee Award in 1974, the Worcester Reed Warner medal in 1977, and the Machine Design Award in 1985. He was author of eight books, including Mechanical Engineering Design (with Charles R. Mischke) and Applied Mechanics of Materials, and was co-editor-in-chief of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design"--

Fully updated and revised, the second edition of this introductory text on air-breathing jet propulsion focuses on the basic operating principles of jet engines and gas turbines. A state-of-the-art review of turboramjet engines, hypersonic applications, geared turbofans, and adaptive cycle engines, accompanies an examination of emissions and pollutants, greatly expanding the importance of power generation gas turbines in industrial applications, and ensuring that students will be introduced to the most current trends in the subject. With completely rewritten chapters on the operating characteristics of components and ideal and nonideal cycle analysis, additional SI units in numerous examples, new and expanded end-of-chapter problems, and updated accompanying software, this remains the ideal text for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in aerospace and mechanical engineering.

"Justin Steinberg's field-defining work on Boccaccio's Decameron shows how historical changes in the prosecution of crime profoundly influenced literary realism. Arguing that the Decameron's trials respond to a crisis in verisimilitude, the book engages scholars and students of medieval and early modern studies, literary theory and legal history"--

Filtering and smoothing methods are used to produce an accurate estimate of the state of a time-varying system based on multiple observational inputs (data). Interest in these methods has exploded in recent years, with numerous applications emerging in fields such as navigation, aerospace engineering, telecommunications and medicine. This compact, informal introduction for graduate students and advanced undergraduates presents the current state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing methods in a unified Bayesian framework. Readers learn what non-linear Kalman filters and particle filters are, how they are related, and their relative advantages and disadvantages. They also discover how state-of-the-art Bayesian parameter estimation methods can be combined with state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing algorithms. The book's practical and algorithmic approach assumes only modest mathematical prerequisites. Examples include Matlab computations, and the numerous end-of-chapter exercises include computational assignments. Matlab code is available for download at www.cambridge.org/sarkka, promoting hands-on work with the methods.

"Daniel Defoe established the genre of the novel with Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe. He also wrote pioneering works of non-fiction and verse. This collection of short, accessible essays by leading scholars helps students and general readers understand Defoe's writing and the vibrant culture in which he lived"--

"This volume engages constructive scholarly developments that have gained momentum within the study of pre-Constantinian Christianity in recent years. Each chapter represents cutting edge research. The most pressing questions of recent decades have been reviewed, and each contributor offers constructive ways forward for future research"--

"Emphasizing the creative nature of mathematics, this conversational textbook guides students through the process of discovering a proof as they transition to advanced mathematics. Using several strategies, students will develop the thinking skills needed to tackle mathematics when there is no clear algorithm or recipe to follow"--

This Element provides an overview of pre-modern and ancient economies of the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It analyzes the regions densely occupied semisedentary villages and its domestic and institutional economies, specialization, distribution, economic development, and future directions are reviewed.

This Element combines the advances of the economics of knowledge and innovation implementing the Schumpeterian notion of creative response to understand the determinants and the effects of the rate and direction of technological and organizational change and its variance across time and space, firms, and industries. The notion of creative response provides an inclusive framework that enables to highlight the crucial role of knowledge in assessing the rate and direction of technological change and to clarify that no innovation is possible without the generation of new knowledge, while the generation of new knowledge augments the chances of innovation but does not automatically yield the introduction of innovation. Firms thus are faced with several strategic decisions to make the creative response possible. The Element elaborates on the analytical core of the notion of creative response and articulates its implications for economic policy and strategic management.

This Element discusses the impacts of missionary work in sub-Saharan Africa. It illustrates inherently more political and context-dependent aspects of missionary behavior, such as local struggles for religious hegemony between Protestants and Catholics and interactions between colonial regimes and the church-based provision of goods like education.

Evidence-based policing (EBP) has become a key perspective for practitioners and researchers concerned with the future of policing. This volume provides both a review of where evidence-based policing stands today and a consideration of emerging trends and ideas likely to be important in the future. It includes comparative and international contributions, as well as researcher and practitioner perspectives. While emphasizing traditional evidence-based methods and approaches, the book also identifies barriers to the advancement of evidence-based policing and expands the vision of evidence-based policing by critically examining ethical and moral concerns and questions. The book's main focus is not on what has to happen in police agencies to advance EBP, but rather on an issue that has received far less attention - the science that is necessary to produce for EBP to be successfully integrated into policing.

This accessible and self-contained text presents the essential theoretical techniques developed to describe quantum processes, alongside a review of the experimental methods required in quantum measurement. Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking to extend their knowledge of the physics underlying quantum technologies.

In the Global South economic mobility across generations or intergenerational economic mobility is in and of itself an important topic for research with consequences for policy. It concerns the 'stickiness' or otherwise of inequality because mobility is concerned with the extent to which children's economic outcomes are dependent on their parents' economic outcomes. Scholars have estimated levels of intergenerational mobility in many developed countries. Fewer estimates are available for developing countries, where mobility matters more due to starker differences in living standards. This Element surveys the area, conceptually and empirically; it presents a new estimate for a developing country, namely Indonesia; it discusses the 'Great Gatsby Curve' and highlights the different positions of developed and developing countries. Finally, it presents a theoretical framework to explain the drivers of mobility and the stickiness or otherwise of inequality across time. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

In 1880s Britain, Victoria Welby (1837-1912) began creating a rich, wide-ranging metaphysical system. At its heart lies Motion, 'the great fact, the supreme category'. Drawing extensively on archive materials, this Element offers the first study of Welby's metaphysics. It portrays her universe as a complex of motions: motions comprise material bodies, living beings, and conscious minds. This dynamic universe, 'Motion', underlies many other elements of her thought, including her views on idealism, panpsychism, change, space, and anti-realism about time. This study shows that Welby's metaphysics are deeply embedded in the scientific-philosophical debates of her period, and variously draw on vortex theories of matter in physics; Victorian panpsychisms, fuelled by debates over the continuity of mind in Darwinian evolution; and new conceptions of time as the 'fourth dimension' of space. Victoria Welby significantly advances our understanding of Welby's philosophy, opening paths for future scholarship.

Normalizing flows, diffusion normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models. This Element provides a unified framework to handle these approaches via Markov chains. The authors' framework establishes a useful mathematical tool to combine the various approaches.