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Aquaculture engineering is an emerging field of study. It aims to device new and sustainable techniques for aquaculture and its management. Some of the most widely practiced forms of aquaculture include fish farming, mariculture, shrimp farming, etc. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of aquaculture engineering. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of aquaculture engineering. Students, researchers, professionals, experts and anyone else associated with this field will benefit alike from this book. It aims to serve as a resource guide to a broad spectrum of readers and contribute to the growth of aquaculture engineering.

Atmospheric physics is a vital part of atmospheric sciences. It deals with the study of the atmosphere by applying the laws of physics. It aims at modeling the atmosphere of different planets, especially earth, by using radiation budget, fluid flow equations, energy transfer processes, etc. It uses the elements of cloud physics, climatology, spatial statistics, scattering theory, remote sensing, etc. to study the atmosphere and model weather systems. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of atmospheric physics. The objective of this text is to give a general view of the different areas of atmospheric physics and its applications. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evaluations of this field are also examined in detail. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in this field. This text is a resource guide for experts as well as students. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this area.

Climate Models aim to study the varied aspects of climate such as atmosphere, ice, oceans, etc. through quantitative methods to better understand our present climate as well as make future predictions. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field. The text elaborately discusses the various models that are used for climate modeling. It aims to equip students and experts with the advance topics and upcoming concepts in this area. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the discipline of oceanography, which deals with the study of ocean. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. The text highlights important dimensions of oceanography like ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents, waves, plate tectonics, etc. which are important for the readers to get a holistic understanding of this field of study. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and modern applications to elaborate the unexplored aspects of oceanography. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Global climate change is an extensive field of study focusing on the changes and alterations that takes place in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over a period of time. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to this discipline. It aims to present a plethora of dimensions regarding global climate change to the readers like its various causes and techniques to combat that. The book sheds light on the various activities of humans causing climate change and global warming in detail. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject. It will serve as a resource guide for climatologists, environmentalists, researchers, professionals and students engaged in this field.

Exercise science and sports medicine deal with services and treatments availed by athletes who perform under high-levels of stress and intensity. This book deals with topics that are concerned with overall training, rigor and exercise practices that aim for optimum levels of health for athletes. Regular training and exercise cause tissue and nerve damage as well as nutritional drain that must be replenished through diet, medicine and physiotherapy. This book presents the complex subject of exercise science and sports medicine in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. From theories to research and practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance of the field have been included in this book. Those with an interest in sports medicine field would find this book helpful. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.

Animal husbandry is the art of management and care of farm animals by humans, in which the qualities and behavior are considered to be advantageous to humans. The relationship of animal husbandry and biotechnology is also termed as animal biotechnology by scientists and experts working in this field. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It aims to cover a broad spectrum of topics including the good animal husbandry practices which is beneficial both for animals and for humans. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Food science refers to the study of quality, processing, chemical traits and physical traits and deterioration of food. It unifies the elements of biochemistry, microbiology and chemical engineering for a better understanding for the traits of food. In this book using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concept of food science and nutrition as easy and informative as possible, for the readers. This book provides thorough information about food science and nutrition. It gives insights into the role of nutrition in food and how it is essential for the human body. The aim of this text is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.

Food science is the science dedicated to the study of food and its characteristics. Nutrition is the science that exemplifies the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. This book highlights the relationship between food science, health and nutrition with special emphasis on the importance of nutrients in food and their impact on health. The text covers a broad spectrum of topics under food science including its sub-disciplines such as food engineering, food chemistry, etc. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of food science and nutrition. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals alike.

A form of environmental degradation that occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly released into water without adequate treatment is known as water pollution. It is also referred to as the contamination of water bodies. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It elucidates in detail the causes of water pollution along with the feasible solution to the problem. The text elaborately mentions how pathogens, organic and inorganic containments are threatening and challenging the water and its resources. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Environmental engineering studies the causes and impacts of environmental factors which negatively affect living organisms. It also delves deep into the activities leading to the deterioration of the present quality of the environment. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in this field. The text strives to shed light on the varied applications and techniques used by the environmental engineers to combat water pollution like municipal water supply, industrial waste water treatment, etc. It will serve as an invaluable source of information for those seeking in-depth knowledge about the relationship between water resources and environmental engineering. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject. It is a resource guide for experts as well as students.

This text will discuss in detail the various problems faced by environmentalists while controlling air pollution. It will provide thorough information about the control strategies used to restrict air pollution. Air is an essential part for life sustenance on earth and therefore, controlling its degradation is the need of the hour. To achieve the goal of pollution free air, it is important to device new laws, regulations, techniques and methods. This book explores all the important aspects of this subject in the present day scenario. It strives to provide a fair idea about air pollution control and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. As this area is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this text will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject. Students, researchers, experts, professionals and anyone else associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Landscape ecology is concerned with the interactions between ecological processes and ecosystems. The important studies included in this area are land use, scaling, landscape mosaics, land cover change, land scape pattern analysis, landscape conservation, etc. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It brings forth some of the most innovative theories and elucidates the unexplored aspects of landscape ecology. For all readers who are interested in this subject, the case studies included in this text will serve as excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post-graduate students.

Environmental microbiology also referred to as microbial ecology, is the study of microorganisms and their relation and interaction to each other and the environment. As microorganisms play a very important role in the ecology thus, environmental microbiology is an essential part of scientific study. This book provides comprehensive insights into this field. It provides interesting topics for research which readers can take up. The text presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this text an invaluable source of knowledge. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying environmental microbiology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

Forest ecology can be defined as the interaction of flora and fauna in forests. Forests can be of various types according to location and climate, and the patterns of conservation, preservation and analysis of forest ecosystems change according to these factors. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of forest ecology. It explores all the important aspects of this field in the present day scenario and provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a comprehensive understanding. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field. This book on forest ecology will prove to be thought-provoking for students and researchers in the fields of ecological risk assessment, wildlife conservation and ecosystem engineering.

Ecosystem functioning is the process whereby ecosystems enable the interaction of various organisms in its environment. This book on ecosystem functioning and restoration provides in-depth analysis of various forms of ecosystem management and risk assessment. Timely intervention and analysis can provide adequate shelter and resources for a depleting ecosystem to restore itself. For all readers who are interested in ecosystem functioning and ecological risk assessment, the case studies included in this book will serve as excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this area. The topics included in this book on ecosystem functioning and restoration are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Wetlands are areas that are saturated with water for most periods of a season. It becomes a distinct ecosystem due to the presence of hydric soil and unique vegetation that is found there. Wetlands naturally act as barriers against floods as well as provide water sources to animals and humans. Over usage and despoiling of wetlands, which otherwise take longer time to replenish and sustain itself, have led to newer research that focuses on preservation and management of wetlands. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts elucidates the unexplored aspects of wetland ecosystems. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help better understanding within this field. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

The emphasis on biodiversity has increased in the past few decades. Biodiverse species occupy a vast portion of the earth's ecosystem. This book on biodiversity enrichment in a changing world discusses the strategies and programs adopted by organizations and projects around the world for diversity enhancement, wildlife conservation and forest management. Studies enumerating the ecological, rather than economic aspects emphasizes the changing interaction between the wildlife-urban continuums. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. The book will serve as a reference text to ecologists, environmentalists, conservationists, researchers, academicians and students engaged in this field.

Ecological risk assessment is defined as the monitoring of ecological resources to calculate changes and hazards faced by the ecosystems. Long-term damage can lead to larger sections of wildlife and flora being adversely affected. Models of risk assessment to deal with concrete effects that can be assessed as well as theoretical foresight that can be analyzed. This book on ecological risk assessment discusses the various models of ecological assessment and its relation to the severity of risk that is posed. From theories to research practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance of this field have been included in this book. It is a compilation of chapters that discusses the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of ecological risk assessment. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Sustainable development is defined as a process of sustaining the environment by meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future to meet their own needs. In the current scenario, ecological sustenance and management is of utmost importance because of the rapid depletion of resources. This book will shed light on the various techniques for ecological sustenance and management. The text is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide an in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of ecological-management through processes which involve strategies and techniques like adaptive management, natural resource management, and strategic management, etc. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals. As this field is emerging at a fast pace, this book will help the readers to better understand the concepts and applications of ecological sustenance.