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This work argues that many early Christian quotations of the Old Testament derive not from scriptural manuscripts, but rather from authoritative written testimonia collections developed to support basic Christian beliefs. Combining recent patristic studies (notably on Justin and "Barnabas) and evidence from Qumran with detailed examination of quotations in the New Testament, the book builds a fresh case for a neglected scholarly hypothesis.After reviewing the scholarly literature and analogous Jewish and Greco-Roman literary collections, the book presents a comprehensive overview of extant testimonia traditions from the second to the fourth century C.E. The final chapters argue for the use of written testimonia collections in the New Testament. This study offers solid evidence for a remarkably unified early Christian scriptural tradition that extended throughout the Mediterranean world.

This volume contains all the known Old Syriac inscriptions from Edessa and the area around Osrhoene in Northern Mesopotamia from the first three centuries C.E., the number of which has substantially increased over the last decades. The texts are given in estrangelo script and are accompanied by an extensive philological and historical commentary. The originals are presented in photographs and line drawings. The volume also contains chapters on the script of these inscriptions, on the language and on the history and culture of Edessa.Two appendices offer the texts of three parchments written in Syriac and originating from the same area, and of known but still unpublished inscriptions. The book concludes with indices of words and proper names, which are complement to the "Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions ("Brill, 1995), and with a full bibliography.

In this study, Eric Orlin examines the process through which new temples were vowed, built, and dedicated as a way of examining key features of the interrelated political and religious systems of Republican Rome. He suggests the Senate, in addition to individual magistrates, played a significant role in the construction of new temples.This publication has also been published in hardback, please click here for details.

Leti is spoken on the island with the same name near the Indonesian-East Timorese border. This small Austronesian language became known among linguists for the complex patterns of metathesis permeating its entire grammar. Besides little discussed topics, like its intricate deictic system and lexical parallelism, this book provides information on intriguing features of the Leti language that remained undescribed, such as singing, naming, storytelling and the semantics of the indexer clitic. A complete version of the Sailfish myth that underlies the structures of all Southwest Malukan island communities has been added. The entire text is provided with interlinear glosses. All lexical items in the text and in the description have been inserted in a word list together with all lexical parallels. Being the first exhaustive study of a Southwest Malukan language, this description is a valuable contribution to the typological study of East Indonesia and East Timor and to Austronesian linguistics. The abundance of examples makes it of interest also for linguists with a theoretical orientation in phonology, syntax and semantics. The 'insider's perspective' approach provides essential information for students of ethnolinguistics and oral traditions in the region.

The vernacular architecture of the Minangkabau in Sumatra constitutes one of the most popular and well-known building traditions in contemporary Indonesia. Yet, despite its fame, Minangkabau architecture has received remarkably little scholarly attention. What is known about the building tradition does not go beyond the romanticized popular image (of high-rising roof spires, floor elevations, and colourful woodcarvings) promoted by the government, the tourist industry, and the media. This image leaves too many questions about the meaning of Minangkabau architecture unanswered. Constituting Unity and difference refines, supplements, and revises the popular image. Focusing on the construction, design, and spatial use of vernacular houses in one region of West Sumatra, and taking into account historical developments and geographical variation, the author explores how vernacular Minangkabau houses are instrumental in the constitution, perpetuation, and manipulation of socio-political relationships and identities. He concludes that the current popular image of Minangkabau architecture is seriously in need of revision.

Identity and Development presents a remarkable record of Tonga s increasing participation in the modern global economy, and provides anthropologists, economists, and historians with a detailed case study that bears heavily on major issues of the day, both practically and theoretically. The book focuses on issues of identity, entrepreneurship, and the intricacies of development and addresses the question: How (in the current state of the economy) can a Tongan become a successful grower? This question is set against the background of a boom in cash cropping, sparked by a burgeoning export trade with Japan.

This is a collection of original essays which focuses on the causes, meanings and significance of female suicides in Ming and Qing China. It is the first attempt in English-language scholarship to revise earlier views of female self-destruction that had been shaped by the May Fourth Movement and anti-Confucian critiques of Chinese culture, and to consider the matter of female suicide in the wider context of more recent scholarship on women and gender relations in late imperial China. The essays also reveal the world of tensions, conflicting demands and expectations, and a variety of means by which both women and men made moral sense of their lives in late imperial China. The volume closes with an extensive bibliography of relevant and important Chinese, Japanese, and Western publications related to female suicide in late imperial China.

This collection of readings is complementary to "Introduction to Integrational Linguistics (Language & Communication Library, Vol.17)," but can be used independently. It brings together for the first time 24 key papers in integrational linguistics, and is intended to serve as a basic reading list for students and others making the first acquaintance with the subject. Originally published in sources that are for the most part out of print, these papers have been revised and updated by their authors where necessary. They are arranged in six sections: Language and Communication, Language and the Language Myth, Language and Meaning, Language and Discourse, Language and Writing, and Language and Society. An editorial introduction discusses the individual contributions and their relevance to integrationist theory.

Places the reflexive character of language at the centre both of its empirical study and of its theoretical explanation. This book discusses the consequences of neglecting the reflexive character for the technical concepts and methods which are used in analysing different types of communicational phenomena.

This book explores a phase in the history of both Indonesia and Singapore that is little known. It is a narrative analysis of how the dynamics of the Indonesian revolution (1945-1949) overflowed into Singapore. In turn, Singapore was a base for the Indonesian nationalists, the British, the Dutch, and Chinese traders, with each group exploiting prevailing circumstances for their own interests. Indeed, the author argues that the success of Indonesia s struggle against the Dutch was due in no small measure to the opportunities available in Singapore to advance Indonesia s strategic aims. The Singapore connection during these years was a vital link.

This volume identifies and investigates literary traditions and their implications for the authorship and dating of the Gospels and the letters of the New Testament. Ellis argues that the Gospels and the letters are products of the corporate authorship of four allied apostolic missions and not the creation of individual authors.

The causes of the Asian economic crisis have been the subject of fierce debates among economists, yet little is known about the impact on employment and wellbeing. In Indonesia, the worst affected country, the malaise turned into a political and societal upheaval which brought an end to the New Order regime. Based on anthropological fieldwork in two villages along the coast of West Java, the monograph discusses the repercussions for work and welfare in the rural hinterland.

Arab immigrants to Southeast Asia and their descendants have not received much attention in comparison with immigrants from other parts of the world such as the Chinese, Indians and Europeans. Numerically the Arabs as they are called up till now, have always paled into insignificance besides other foreign minorities, in particular in the colonial period. Even today their presence is hardly noticed. Yet, they have exercised a great influence on economic, political, social and religious developments in the region for centuries. This book contains ten articles form the perspective of various disciplines: history, sociology, anthropology and Islamology. These essays discuss the interrelationships within the various Arab communities, as well as between these communities and society at large, in the fields of politics, trade and Islam.

In the thirteenth book of the series International Straits of the World, Dr. Nihan Ünlü addresses a key international policy question, namely, in the light of the evolving law of the sea and the special role of the International Maritime Organization, should the 1936 Montreux Convention be amended or denounced - or changed by some unilateral act of Turkey. Dr. Ünlü explores policy options that will be useful in trying to reconcile the use of a strait not covered by the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention with the exigencies of modern international law.

This unique work examines the highly topical national and international legal issues of economic cooperation between North and South Korea under the current divided situation. In recent years, the relationship between the two Koreas has been generating more concern than in earlier times. This new interest has been followed by two epoch-making developments over the past decade: the conclusion of the Basic Agreement of 1991 and the Declaration of the North-South Summit of 2000. These events have caused remarkable changes in political, as well as economic, relations between the north and the south.This book reviews the current legal regime and the setting up of a positive legal framework for inter-Korean economic cooperation, beginning to be regulated by international law. This research provides two ultimate outcomes. One is to resolve the legal problems for transnational economic cooperation relating to North and South Korea; the other is to develop a juridical model of south-north cooperation as a new world economic framework for the 21st century.Three interrelated areas are involved in this work. The first part describes the external environmental factors regarding inter-Korean economic cooperation from an international legal perspective. The second part deals with the legal framework of inter-Korean economic cooperation, examining concrete issues arising from practical economic exchanges and cooperation between the two Koreas. The last part discusses the legal foundations for inter-Korean economic integration beyond economic cooperation.This book clarifies the significance of the legal environment as an indispensable servant for the parts of a divided country to recovertheir relationship, offering both a normative and practical framework.

As the ever increasing number of Security Council resolutions and statements is nowadays easily available through the UN home page, this booklet will guide you thematically through these documents without the texts of the resolutions and statements being reproduced. This work contains the essential tools, presented in a chronological order, and classified on a topic basis to help you find and compare the English and French texts electronically.Part I contains matters concerning the maintenance of international peace and security; Part II contains other matters considered by the Security Council. The next division is a geographical one, each geographical region being subdivided into numbered topics. The corpus of this Thematic Guide consists of an analytical table of resolutions, statements and letters. Additional tools are made available in the annexes: a chronological list and the composition of the Security Council (1946-2000). This booklet is a sequence to the previous two editions by Karel Wellens of Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council: A Thematic Guide.

Ali Alatas, Christiane Amanpour, Aung San Suu Kyi, Tony Blair, Jimmy Carter, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Waris Dirie, Mikhail Gorbachev, Václav Havel, Seamus Heaney, Rigoberta Manchü Tum, Joni Mitchell, Mary Robinson, Helmut Schmidt, Wislawa Szymborska, Lech Walęsa, and others - these unique and powerful voices have come together to make Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Fiftieth Anniversary Anthology a work of lasting, unparalleled significance. Launched on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, this unmatched anthology includes inspirational essays by 50 prominent, varied members of the world community, moving poems reflecting a wide range of renowned voices, and full-colour illustrations of each article of the Universal Declaration. Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights also includes a foreword by the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs. The importance and variety of the voices united in this work, the monumental occasion it marks, and the beauty and quality showcased on its pages make it an essential addition to the personal and professional libraries of anyone interested in human rights. Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the kind of work whose lasting resonance makes it worthy of being handed down from generation to generation. All royalties from Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are being donated to the UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, and the UNFPA Trust Fund for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation.

This study is the first volume in the new Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series. It contains a new English translation of the Jewish philosopher's famous treatise "On the creation of the cosmos" (the first for seventy years), and the first ever commentary in English.

In this study, Renz argues that the book of Ezekiel functions as a single rhetorical unit designed to address a specific rhetorical situation: shaping the self-understanding of the second-generation of Judaean exiles and defining the "true Israel." This publication has also been published in hardback, please click here for details.

What is the relationship of the Mishnah to Scripture for understanding the religion of Judaism? What is the relationship between religious ideas and the world in which those ideas emerged? What is the formal religious significance of the language of the Mishnah? The religious perspectives of the Mishnah do not simply record the rules and regulations of bygone times; rather, they mirror the way of life and the social and religious history of Judaism.

This pioneering publication provides A Reference Guide to the significant contributions of decisions of the World Court, as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and the world's most senior Court with the broadest material jurisdiction, to the development of the law of the sea as a part of the global system of peace and security. The Guide is dedicated to the Court's former President Stephen M. Schwebel in appreciation of his belief that it is important for the Court to further explore its pre-eminently unique role throughout the Third Millennium.Whereas the format of specific entries covered by this Reference Guide largely corresponds to the Parts and Annexes of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Part XI Agreement, the heading of each entry also contains, as appropriate, references to the 1930 League of Nations Hague Draft, the four 1958 UN Geneva Conventions and the 1995 UN Straddling Stocks Agreement, as well as to the 1972 UN Stockholm, the 1992 Rio UNCED and the 2002 Johannesbourg instruments. This will enable the reader to relate the Court's decisions to the respective UNCLOS provisions as originated from and as implemented by these global framework instruments at various stages of codification and progressive development of the law of the sea.The entries cover principally Judgments and Orders (including the related pleadings) of the PCIJ and the ICJ and those decisions of Arbitral Tribunals and other third party fora as well as national courts which have been relied upon in the Court's jurisprudence. In addition, the recent decisions of the ITLOS and some other fora, such as the Annex VII Southern Bluefin Tuna, Singapore v. Malaysia, Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana/Suriname and the Mox Plant Arbitral Tribunals, as well as references to treaties are also listed under specific entries as appropriate. Tables of Cases and Treaties will importantly facilitate the use of A Reference Guide. It has proven to be an indispensable tool for the Judges and governmental and other practitioners in furthering the coherent development of the law of the sea by international courts and tribunals on the one hand, and for international community of academics in the adequate assessing of this development on the other hand.

This is a handbook for readers who wish to learn more about providing services to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It provides basic knowledge of Deaf Culture and the hard of hearing population, the aesthetics of American Sign Language, and an awareness of hearing loss and its influence on family and community life.

Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, this work explores the historical and cultural dimensions of an indigenous Timorese domain in the southern central highlands of West Timor.

The House of Our Ancestors is a study of the Mountain Balinese or Bali Aga, an ethnic group with a distinct history and culture who are thought to be the indigenous people of Bali, Indonesia. In popular ideas of Balinese identity, the highland people feature as the conceptual counterpart to the royal houses established in the southern lowlands of the island. Hidden in shadow of this courtly culture, the world of the highland Balinese has been largely ignored even though Bali counts among the most researched localities in the world. This book explores their social organization and status economy from the perspective of an innovative theory of precedence . Regional domains, villages and origin houses among the Bali Aga are all conceived and ranked in reference to the basic ideas of a sacred origin in the past, and of an order of precedence connecting the past with the present. The analysis of precedence ranking, evident at all levels of Bali Aga social organization, leads to the development of a new theory of status for Austronesian societies that departs radically from the notion of hierarchy as proposed by Louis Dumont in his classic study of the Indian caste system.