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This extensive evaluation of Codex 1582 in Matthew demonstrates that it should be considered the leading member of Family 1, raises questions about the relationship of Family 1 to the text of Matthew used by Origen, and provides a new stemma of the family in Matthew.

Kurt Behrendt in this book for the first time and convincingly offers a description of the development of 2nd century B.C.E. to 8th century C.E. Buddhist sacred centers in ancient Gandhara, today northwest Pakistan.

By examining available demographic data and petitions submitted by non-Muslims for accepting Islam, this volume convincingly reconstructs the stages of the Islamization process in the Balkans and offers an insight to the motives and factors behind conversion.

This volume is a collection of studies by leading historians on central aspects of the Mamluk Empire of Egypt and Syria (1250-1517), and of Ottoman Egypt (16th-18th century) where the Mamluks survived under the Ottoman suzerainty.

This complete list of known early Christian communities provides references to the original sources for the diffusion of earliest Christianity.

"Situating Globality" explores the ways in which African societies are appropriating elements of an emerging global culture and economy, and analyses the significance of this appropriation in local struggles, the expression of critical thinking, ideologies and ritual styles of behaviour.

A collection of articles in honour of a leading historian of the Iberian Peninsula exploring a broad variety of themes dealing with different aspects of the interaction between Jews, Muslims and Christians in the late-medieval Crown of Aragon and its environs.

For almost a century scholars have been perplexed by Cypro-Phoenician (or Black-on-Red) pottery. In this major study, Dr. Schreiber's research, coupled with her own work in the field, resolves the pottery's origin and provides a fresh assessment of the chronology of the region. Transporting perfumed oil around the Mediterranean and Near East, the pottery offers valuable clues to Iron Age trade - shipping, cargoes, and trading entrepots. Dr Schreiber investigates the sources of perfumed oil and the relative roles of Cyprus and Phoenicia in trade to the Aegean islands. The book provides archaeologists and historians with a work of key significance in unravelling the human narrative of the early centuries of the 1st millennium BC.

The principal text translated in this volume is the "Ta'r?kh Al-s?d?n" of the seventeenth-century Timbuktu scholar 'Abd al-Ra?m?n al-Sa'd?. Thirty chapters are included, dealing with the history of Timbuktu and Jenne, their scholars, and the political history of the Songhay empire from the reign of Sunni 'Al? (1464-1492) through Moroccan conquest of Songhay in 1591 and down to the year 1613 when the Pashalik of Timbuktu became an autonomous ruling institution in the Middle Niger region. The year 1613 also marked the effective end of Songhay resistance. The other contemporary documents included are a new English translation of Leo Africanus's description of West Africa, some letters relating to Sa'd?an diplomacy and conquests in the Sahara and Sahel, al-Ifr?n?'s account of Sa'd?an conquest of Songhay, and an account of this expedition by an anonymous Spaniard. This publication has also been published in hardback, please click here for details.

This volume honors the lifetime of scholarly contribution and leadership of Professor Emanuel Tov, Judah L. Magnes professor of Bible at the Department of Bible, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Colleagues from all over the world have contributed significant studies in the three areas of Tov's primary interest and expertise: the Hebrew Bible, its Greek translations, and the Dead Sea Scrolls.This "Festschrift is a fitting tribute to one of the generation's leading scholars, whose dedicated efforts as editor-in-chief have brought about the complete publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

This volume collects select papers on methodology in the study of religion that were originally presented at the XVIIth Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, held in Mexico City in 1995. Granted the status of adjunct proceedings for the Congress, the collection opens with the editors' detailed survey of the longstanding importance of discussions on methodology within the IAHR. The twenty-one essays which follow examine religion and the history of the study of religion within a variety of theoretical contexts. The essays are organized in terms of three general sub-divisions: general issues in methodology (from the impact of both postmodernism and reflexive anthropology on the study of religion to the politics of religious studies as practiced in different national settings); reflections on the categories commonly employed by scholars working in the field (e.g., "religion," "syncretism," "gender," "New Religious Movements," "sacred," "power," "experience," etc.), and finally, the collection ends with a review symposium on one of the more sophisticated recent treatments of the problem of defining religion, Benson Saler's "Conceptualizing Religion (Brill, 1993). Despite carrying out their work in a variety of settings -- from Denmark and Finland, to Britain, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, the USA, and Mexico -- the authors all model a similar approach to studying religion as but one instance of human culture.

This volume contains several presentations of new Manichaean source materials and provocative essays upon them. The studies are authored by an international group of leading scholars in the fields of ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern studies, comparative religion, early Christianity, patristics, Turkic studies, and Coptology. Throughout the book the studies present and discuss a variety of source materials representing the vast geographical spread of Manichaeism. This book should prove to be foundational for future research on Manichaeism and late antique religions in general.

The present study is the first large-scale investigation of the syntax of Old Japanese (mainly eighth-century Japanese). It gives a detailed account of complement clauses and related constructions in Old Japanese, based on an exhaustive investigation of the extant text corpus.

This book captures the intriguing stories of different generations of women within the Eritrean nation building process. Theoretical analyses of political and social change are combined with extensive field research to provide a comprehensive picture of modernisation processes in Eritrea.

This book contains a range of original studies on one of the major challenges in Africa today: the controversial role of youth in politics, conflict and rebellious movements. The issue is not only the drafting of child soldiers into insurgent armies or predatory militias, as in Somalia, Sierra Leone or Congo, but, more generally, that of the problematic insertion of large numbers of young people in the socio-economic and political order of post-colonial Africa. Even educated youths are being confronted with a lack of opportunities, blocked social mobility, and despair about the future. African youth, while forming a numerical majority, largely feel excluded from power, are socio-economically marginalized, thwarted in their ambitions, and have little access to representative positions or political power.

This fascinating study reconstructs the tradition of the Legend of the True Cross in text and image, from its tentative beginnings in 4th-century Jerusalem to the culminating expression of its multi-layered cosmic content in 14th and 15th-century monumental cycles in Germany and Italy.

This book presents the fascinating story of Queen Margrete I and her rise to power in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which culminated in the founding of the Nordic Union in 1397. Based upon the most central contemporary sources, the book gives a vivid picture of medieval society in Scandinavia. Well illustrated.

This illustrated book continues themes in Central European cultural history treated elsewhere with the intention of presenting an interdisciplinary study of early medieval socio-cultural developments.A continuation of the preceding books, this volume examines the archeological evidence of the groups who settled Central Europe. It aims to amplify the information recorded during the late Roman Empire about societies, social dynamics and ethnological contexts by examining their material culture. The language of significant objects complements the literature of significant texts.The three parts of the book inform of the historical and archeological evidence; elaborate the socio-cultural conclusions provided by archeology; examine the system of values as reflected in the forms of artistic expression. The study of objects helps clarify the contours of the Germanic populations of pre-Carolingian Central Europe.

This book is an original contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the social background and the transmission-history of the Book of Proverbs. It is the first detailed comparative study of biblical proverbs and Arabic proverbs and the wisdom sayings of Prophet Muḥammad. All Arabic material appears in transliteration and translation.

Cultural travel and migrancy examines how people in West Java use modern media such as radio, television, and cassettes to give expression to their thoughts and feelings about problems of contemporary life. It describes artistic approaches to globalization, one of the problems that has been felt most pressing during the late New Order and early Reformation. Situating itself at this remarkable turning-point in Indonesian history, it shows that local artists have not been mere victims or products of globalization, but virtual migrants who self-consciously steer the electronic media on their worldwide travels. The book gives an analysis of relevant case-studies and historical debates on culture and representation in Indonesia and the West, and also provides an overview of early developments and recent trends in the Indonesian and West Javanese media landscapes. With its focus on Sundanese language and culture, it is a pioneering and gap-filling complement to the existing literature on media.

The volume, intended to function as an academic debate-book, began as a workshop on Human Rights and the Police in Transitional Countries held in March 2001 in Hillerxd, Denmark. The workshop, which was funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, brought together practitioners and academics from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America to discuss common experience from the context of transition, which characterises all of them. These discussions take place along four themes, i.e. the transitional context, governance and rule of law; police and civil society; education and training; and the police organisation and reform, international intervention and aid. In addition to a number of key papers on general and theoretical aspects, each section contains a number of illustrative examples of how these issues express themselves in a large number of countries. Finally, the book sums up a catalogue of findings and recommendations in relation to the promotion of human rights in transitional countries and the role of the police in this work.

Europe has come a long way at least in the institutional response to racism. This book describes the responses of the Council of Europe and the European Union to the worrying trends of racism and xenophobia in the 1990s, and considers the prospects for combating discrimination in Europe using tools that have emerged as a result.

This book addresses, and at the same time reflects, the impact of Max Weber on both the social sciences and on critical theory's critique of the social sciences. Weber's conception of 'vocation' is a guiding thread unifying concerns about the nature, scope and limits of theoretical thinking among social scientists, whether supportive or critical of Weber.

This publication and discussion of the fragments of the Greek novel of "M?tiokhos and Parthenop?" and the Persian epic poem based on it, ?Un?ur?'s V?miq and ?Adhr?, adds a new work to the corpus of ancient novels and sheds new light on Persian epic poetry.

Rituals play a prominent role in Zoroastrianism, one of the oldest religious traditions of mankind. In this book, scholars from a broad range of disciplines make the first ever collective effort to discuss Zoroastrian rituals in different historical contexts and geographical settings.

This resourceful book provides cutting-edge exploration and insightful analysis of educational implications of technology and distance higher education in Africa and Asia, critically examining access, curriculum, pedagogy, externally designed programs, the quest for ownership and strategies for creating a knowledge society.

The Values Surveys reveal the impact of changing values on societal phenomena, demonstrating that a distinctive Islamic culture exists-and it favors democracy. Other analyses examine Gender Equality, Corruption and Democracy; political satisfaction; and Vietnamese, Israeli and South African values.

The genus "Meloidogyne" Goldi, 1892, or root-knot nematodes, represent a relatively small but economically important group of obligate plant pathogens. They are distributed worldwide and parasitize on almost every higher plant species. While reproducing and feeding within roots, they induce galls or root-knots and disorder the physiology of the infected plant, reducing crop yield and product quality. More than eighty nominal species have been described worldwide, while twenty species have been detected in Europe so far. This book includes a historical review on the genus, followed by a revision of the European species, and completed with a study on one of the most characteristic morphological structures within the genus: the perineal pattern.

This illustrated book is a coherently conceived collection of interdisciplinary essays by distinguished authors on the city of Rome and its contacts with western Christendom in the early Middle Ages (c. 500-1000 AD). The first part integrates historical, archaeological, numismatic and art historical approaches to studying the transition of the city of Rome from Antiquity to the Middle Ages and offers groundbreaking new analyses of selected sites and problems. Attention is given to the economic, social, religious and cultural history of the city. In the second part of the volume historical, archaeological, liturgical and palaeographical approaches address Rome's contacts and influence in Latin Christendom in this period, with particular regard to Rome's place within Italian politics and its cultural influence in Carolingian Francia and Anglo-Saxon England.