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A leading theme in this impressive collection of essays in honour of Professor Gudmundur Alfredsson is the advancement of international rules and mechanisms to empower individuals, groups and peoples everywhere to pursue their rights nationally, regionally and internationally. The book deals with the many areas of international law and national policies and practices in which important progress has been made since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for better protection of human rights in the modern world. It equally provides a critical discussion of the difficulties and failures in various areas and probes questions and issues that are pending solution at the national, regional or universal levels.

Llawysgrif Pomffred is an edition of Peniarth 259B, a medieval Welsh law manuscript, nicknamed 'Pomffred' as it apparently spent some time at Pontefract. The manuscript presents a Cyfnerth-type text as well as a lengthy tail of additional, largely Marcher law.

An hommage to Gad Freudenthal, this volume offers studies on the history of science and on the role of science in medieval and early-modern Jewish cultures, investigating various aspects of processes of knowledge transfer and scientific cross-cultural contacts,

Dass die meisten Herrscherdarstellungen der fr hmittelalterlichen Buchmalerei in liturgischen, also urspr nglich f r den Gottesdienst bestimmten Handschriften berliefert sind, geh rt seit Jahrzehnten zum Kanon grundlegender Forschungsaussagen ber diesen Gegenstand. Untersuchungen, die daraus ernsthaft Konsequenzen ziehen und die Herrscherminiaturen auch unter ihrem funktionalen Aspekt etwa als Memorialbilder (O. G. Oexle) betrachten oder von der sozialen Praxis ihrer fromm motivierten Darbringung her, sind jedoch bislang rar. Indem Ablauf und Aufgaben der Gebetsverbr derung von Herrschern mit Kl stern als soziales Handlungsmuster analysiert und dann als Bezugs- und Deutungsrahmen verwendet werden, gelingt es der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die Funktion und die Darstellungsabsichten einiger ausgew hlter fr hmittelalterlicher Herrscherbilder aus den historisch-sozialen Kontexten ihrer Entstehung und den liturgisch-memorialen Zwecken ihrer Verwendung heraus genauer zu erkl ren. The aim of this study is to give a more precise interpretation, using the commemorative form of activity of confraternity, of the function and purpose behind such depictions, in the case of a few selected early medieval images of rulers, from the historical and social contexts of their genesis and the liturgical and commemorative aims of their use. Wolfgang Eric Wagner, Dr. phil. (1998), habilitiert (2009), ist Professor f r Mittelalterliche Geschichte und Historische Hilfswissenschaften an der Universit t Rostock. Er hat mehrere Publikationen zur Memorialpraxis des Fr h- und Hochmittelalters vorgelegt, zu Diplomatik und Epigraphik sowie zur mittelalterlichen Universit tsgeschichte. Wolfgang Eric Wagner is professor for medieval history and auxiliary historical sciences at the University of Rostock. He has produced several publications on commemorative practice in the early and high Middle Ages, on diplomatic and epigraphy, as well as on the history of medieval universities.

Recasting the critical challenge to international law in positive terms, this book examines what is left of international law if we accept both that apolitical rules are impossible and that the values used to justify them are irreducibly, radically subjective.

Against the background of questions on cultural identity and memory, this book offers an overview of the development of the cults of Isis in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, often presenting new or unpublished material.

This volume analyzes the development of a culture of Judicial Independence in comparative perspectives, to offer an examination of the conceptual foundations of the principle of judicial independence and to discuss in detail the practical challenges facing judiciaries in different jurisdictions.

To better understand the phenomenon of Literature in the Second Degree in Jewish and Biblical studies often characterized as parabiblical or Rewritten Bible the current volume applies the theories of Gerard Genette to ancient and medieval literature from various cultures. Literature in the Second Degree realigns earlier (authoritative) texts to the dynamics of developing cultures and their changing cultural memories. In the case of authoritative base texts, Literature in the Second Degree reaffirms their authority by way of interpretative actualization. In the case of non-authoritative base texts it replaces them to effect cultural forgetting. Far from being just literary forgery (pseudepigraphy), Literature in the Second Degree has an important function in the development of the ancient and medieval cultures.

The Cairo Genizah has preserved a vast number of medieval and post-medieval letters written in the Jewish variety of Arabic. The linguistic peculiarities of these letters provide an invaluable source for the understanding of the history of the Arabic language and the development of Arabic dialects. This work compares and contrasts various linguistic features of Judaeo-Arabic letters from different periods, and is one of the first studies to present a comprehensive linguistic investigation into non-literary Judaeo-Arabic. Its main focus is to provide an extensive diachronic linguistic description, while distinguishing between features of epistolary Arabic and vernacular phenomena. This study should be of interest to anyone working on the Arabic language, sociolinguistics, general historical linguistics and language typology.

The contributions reflect a broad range of interdisciplinary research interests in the field of lay piety and learned theology in the Middle Ages, Reformation, and Later Times as well as their representation through certain media such as book printing.

The Africa Yearbook covers major domestic political developments, the foreign policy and socio-economic trends in sub-Sahara Africa all related to developments in one calendar year. The Yearbook contains articles on all sub-Saharan states, each of the four sub-regions (West, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa) focusing on major cross-border developments and sub-regional organizations as well as one article on continental developments and one on African-European relations. While the articles have thorough academic quality, the Yearbook is mainly oriented to the requirements of a large range of target groups: students, politicians, diplomats, administrators, journalists, teachers, practitioners in the field of development aid as well as business people.

An incisive, multi-faceted study of a Spanish-Chinese manuscript grammar of the seventeenth century, The Language of the Sangleys presents a fascinating, new chapter in the history of Chinese and general linguistics.

In this monograph, the alternative theories to the established bubonic-plague theory as to the microbiological identity of historical plague epidemics are intensively discussed in the light of the historical sources and the medical primary research and standard works.

Drawing on ethnographic and archival research conducted on the Indonesian island of Bali, this book demonstrates that more nuanced attention to problems of media will have serious implications for how we think about the study of religions, past and present.

This volume contains the Proceedings of The Crustacean Society Summer Meeting held between 20 and 24 September 2009 in Tokyo, Japan. It is the world's premier event on crustacean biology and organized under the auspices of the Carcinological Society of Japan and The Crustacean Society. It reports presentations of plenary keynote addresses, special symposia, and contributed papers given at the meeting, all of which have been peer reviewed and edited. The book represents some of the best research from leading international researchers from all over the world and presents major reviews of all areas of crustacean research, including systematics, evolution, ecology, behaviour, development, physiology, symbiosis, genetics, biogeography, palaeobiology, fisheries, and aquaculture.

This volume is devoted to the memory of the Dutch carcinologist Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis (1921-2008) who dedicated his life to the taxonomy and systematics of Crustacea. His scientific career started in 1941 with his first publications and continued for 68 years in which he produced over 600 titles totalling almost 13000 pages describing more than 400 taxa new to science. In this volume his friends and colleagues pay tribute to his legacy. Included are an extensive biography and over 50 papers mainly dealing with systematic and taxonomic issues, which emanate from his knowledge and inspiration.

The twelfth-century Iranian mystic Ayn al-Qu t al-Hamadh n (d. 1131) wrote vividly of his explorations of death as a state of consciousnesswhich he experienced while alive. This state and his visions of Doomsday and the innumerable non-corporeal worlds that lie past the world of matter confront him with paradoxical realities that upset the notional understanding of faith. The present book concerns itself with a discussion on the subject of death as it is viewed by one of the defining mystic scholars of medieval Iran. Based on medieval manuscripts and primary sources in classical Persian and Arabic, this book explores the significance of this important Iranian mystic and his insights on the nature of reality in light of death.

Throughout his career, Michael Reisman emphasized law's function in shaping the future. In this wide-ranging collection of essays, major thinkers in the international legal field address the goals of the twenty-first century and how international law can address the needs of the world community.

This book touches upon the main subjects in public international law, with special emphasis on the application of international rules within the national legal orders. The treatement of the matter is based on the practice, particularly on the case law of international and domestic courts. The main characteristic of the book is the very extensive discussion of the role of domestic courts, as well as public officials, in order to achieve the effectiveness of international law. National judges, who are considered the principal addressees of the book, are viewed as a sort of propelling force behind international law to the extent that they perceive the need to realize that international solidarity which is too often lacking at the level of governments.

Myriapods are the only major zoological groups for which a modern encyclopaedic treatment has never been produced. In particular, this was the single major gap in the largest zoological treatise of the XIX century (Grass 's Trait de Zoologie), whose publication has recently been stopped. "The Myriapoda" fills that gap with an updated treatment in the English language. All aspects of biology of the four myriapod classes (about 15,000 species described to date) are covered, including external and internal morphology, physiology, reproduction, development, distribution, ecology, phylogeny and taxonomy. The work is thus a necessary complement for all institutional and personal libraries of researchers interested in Arthropoda or in soil biology.

This volume contains a state-of-the-art survey of Khitan Small Script studies, accompanied by a critical analysis of two recently discovered and previously unpublished epigraphic documents.

The Pro Cluentio is Cicero's longest extant speech. In antiquity it was particularly esteemed, by the orator himself as well as others; Quintilian cites it more than any other oration of Cicero. But its very length, and the complexity of the legal situation, have deterred many readers from giving it the attention it deserves. "The Rhetoric of Cicero's Pro Cluentio" is the first full-length discursive treatment of the speech as a whole. Each chapter has an introductory section on the rhetorical problem at hand, including valuable general information on ancient rhetorical theory and practice. The eclectic critical method, beginning from an Aristotelian/Quintilianic basis, advances some new theoretical models for the understanding of invention in Roman ora-tory.

This book examines scriptural authority and its textual and visual instruments, asking how words and images interacted to represent and by representing to constitute authority, both sacred and secular, in Northern Europe between 1400 and 1700.

This book investigates Hellenistic popular religion through an interdisciplinary study of figurines of Egyptian deities from Delos. The results offer a new perspective on Hellenistic reinterpretations of Egyptian religion, as well as the relationship between "popular" and "official" cults.

Les Actes du Symposium international consacré à Sinope présentent les travaux archéologiques et les recherches dédiés à cette ville depuis les années 90. L'histoire de la cité, ses productions artisanales et ses relations avec le reste de la mer Noire y sont étudiées.