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Renowned scholars discuss the past, present, and future of the study of religion in both antiquity and modernity, celebrating the contributions of Panayotis Pachis to the field. An advocate of the historical and scientific study of the religions of past and present, Panayotis Pachis has dedicated his celebrated career at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki to the study of various aspects of ancient religions. These range from the importance of agriculture and religion in ancient Greece, the Mystery Cults, the centrality of initiatory rituals and rites of passage, to the promotion of a modern, scientific study of religion that extends from the comparative and historical method to the cognitive study of religion. The contents of this book reflect Pachis' conviction that the study of religious ideas and practices should be focused on three pillars: the study of history, the formulation and application of theoretical frameworks, and the utilization of traditional as well as innovative methodological tools.

An original, innovative and timely study on the cultural history of Cyprus under British rule, offering a new interpretative framework for studying the colonial past of Cyprus. The book focuses on the cultural dimension of the island's colonial experience and demonstrates the crucial, but in this case understudied, significance of culture in Cyprus and how this has affected the current identity of the island. It is the first volume to address different aspects of the island's cultural life from 1878, when the island changed hands from Ottoman to British rule, to 1960 when the Republic of Cyprus came into existence. The book presents a comprehensive survey of culture in colonial Cyprus, covering such aspects as photography, architecture, literature, art, cultural policy, advertisement, fashion, antiquities and archaeology, public gardens, environmental commons, and sports clubs. Individual chapters bring to light previously unpublished source material in Greek and English, written and visual, from state and private archives and collections. Using cross-disciplinary analytical tools - from the fields of imperial and colonial history, politics, cultural studies, media studies, communication studies and history - this book provides much needed insight into the multi-faceted cultural life of colonial Cyprus.

Examines America's experience with a wide range of quarantine practices over the past 400 years and the political, economic, immigration, and public health considerations that have prompted success or failure within the evolving role of public health. The novel strain of coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and became a worldwide pandemic in 2020 is only one of more than 87 new or emerging pathogens discovered since 1980 that have posed a risk to public health. While many may consider quarantine an antiquated practice, it is often one of the only defenses against new and dangerous communicable diseases. Tracing the United States' quarantine practices through the colonial, postcolonial, and modern eras, Germs at Bay provides an eye-opening look at how quarantine has worked despite routine dismissal of its value. This book is for anyone seeking to understand the challenges of controlling the spread of COVID-19 and helps readers internalize the lessons learned from the pandemic. Few titles provide this level of primary source data on the United States' long reliance on quarantine practices and the political, social, and economic factors that have influenced them.

Better strategic decisions lead to higher customer acceptance, improved user satisfaction, and measurable business results. Using proven processes, frameworks, and tools, this book is a powerful resource for executives, business owners, and professionals looking to improve delivery of benefits from technology projects and manage risks. As the power of technology in the business world continues to grow, executive accountability, leadership, and involvement are critical to achieve measurable business benefits from technology investments. The authors look realistically at how technology is chosen, how to evaluate existing technology, and how to deliver value. Themes and topics include building open communication and productive collaboration; organization-wide structure, frameworks and tools for strategic decision-making; and risk management advice.

In order to understand the motivations for and implications of Hillary Clinton's historic run for the White House- and her subsequent defeat-the authors explore sexism and gender bias in U.S. political and social culture. While there is some indication that overt sexism toward women in politics is declining, whether this is true for women who run for the highest office in American politics remains relatively unknown. Hillary Clinton's historic run as the 2016 Democratic nominee, however, allows scholars and journalists to contextualize decades of scholarship on sex, gender, and the American presidency. In Sex and Gender in the 2016 Presidential Election, the authors, all experts on gender in politics, analyze the nature of gender in public opinion, media coverage, social media, and culture during the 2016 presidential election. They assess whether conventional expectations and theories hold up in today's sociopolitical climate. Moreover, they consider how Clinton's foray into relatively uncharted territory might redirect the political field-and its implications for women with political ambitions-going forward.

Uncovering the psychological and sociological reasons for the gender gap in American politics, this fascinating volume explores how such factors influence women and lead to their political beliefs and behaviors. Based on original research with women voters of varying ages around the United States from 2008 to the present, the book delves into differences between voting women and men-and indeed among women themselves. The gender gap, the author argues, exists because women's social identity is tied to their group memberships and gender-role beliefs. Thus, rather than grouping all women into one voting bloc, the book examines how gender identity influences various sub-groups of women. It begins with a discussion of the gender gap in voting preferences throughout history, then goes on to explore the roles of feminism and women's connectedness to their gender group as a primary cause of the gender gap in voting. The remaining chapters discuss how these factors influence women's political engagement, policy positions, and candidate preferences.

This invaluable resource investigates U.S. immigration policy, making connections between the ethnic and religious affiliations of immigrants and trends in immigration, both legal and unauthorized. U.S. Immigration Policy, Ethnicity, and Religion in American History is rich with data and document excerpts that illuminate the complex relationships among ethnicity, religion, and immigration to the United States over a 200-year period. The book uniquely organizes the flow of immigration to the United States into seven chapters covering U.S. immigration policymaking: the Open Door Era, 1820-1880; the Door Ajar Era, 1880-1920; the Pet Door Era, 1920-1950; the Dutch Door Era, 1950-1985; the Revolving Door Era, 1985-2001; and the Storm Door Era, 2001-2018. Each chapter analyzes trends in ethnicity or national origin and the religious affiliations of immigrant groups in relation to immigration policy during the time period covered.

This groundbreaking political exposé scrutinizes the motivations behind the unparalleled attacks on President Barack Obama that attempted to undermine his eligibility to lead the country. The ascendancy of the first Black president was a watershed moment in American history. In response, Obama's adversaries engaged in relentless and systematic mudslinging throughout his campaign and well into his presidency, "othering" him as a foreign and dangerous political figure. Never before has a presidential candidate been so maligned, by so many, in such a variety of ways-and yet won. This provocative study investigates the unrest behind the Obama campaign and election, and the controversial political machine that caused it. Martin A. Parlett, himself a former campaigner for Barack Obama, examines the role identity politics and racialization played in the anti-Obama movement, shows how foreignization is the latest tool for political dissent, and discusses the ways in which Obama successfully used the "outsider" label to his own advantage. The book questions the popular-and often contradictory-notions of Obama as illegitimate, Muslim, Marxist/Communist, socialist, Kenyan, terrorist, and angry African American. Additionally, chapters trace political marginalization and race throughout history from slavery to Reconstruction to the Civil Rights Movement, concluding with the culture of distrust in the American political psyche since the events of September 11, 2001.

The rise of nationalism in the Balkans is viewed as part of a world-historical process of globalization over the last five centuries. Victor Roudometof delves into Balkan history and reveals how the efforts of Balkan states to achieve national homogenization produced interstate rivalry, forced population exchanges, and discrimination against minority groups. Yet, these problems are not confined to the Balkan states alone - Roudometof's multidimensional analysis of Balkan nationalism throughout history serves as a case study, interrogating the long-held belief in globalization as an instrument to resolve ethnic conflict and bring people together.

The end of the Cold War, the invention of the World Wide Web, access to cellphones and the personal computer - the 1990s seemed to be the start of a new era of history. The USA during the 1990s experienced changes that could not have been foreseen by previous generations - the fall of the Soviet Union, the ability to connect with other people like never before with the internet, and the Human Genome Project that led to unprecedented advances in human health. The lives of average Americans were changed forever. This volume in the Daily Life through History series examines how the cultural trends of the 1990s revolutionized how people were able to teach and learn, conduct business, express themselves, and interact with one another. The book goes on to explore the evolution in long-held attitudes about sex, sexuality, and the concept of the family to include other kinds of relationships - childless marriages, single-parent and mixed families, and LGBTQ+ relationships. New trends in fashion and music - from grunge to hip hop culture - also had a powerful impact on how how some Americans presented themselves, while others rejected these cultural shifts and clung fervently to traditional values and worldviews. Daily Life in 1990s America enables readers to better understand the significance, complexities and enduring influence of this era-defining period in American history.

Investigative Journalism in Africa is a window into the murky world of Africa's democratic watchdogs that tells the story of perseverance in the face of ubiquitous threats, imprisonment and harassment through the eyes of ten celebrated African investigative journalisms. The book answers the profound questions of 'why' and 'how' African frontline reporters do the work they do. Also documented are serious challenges facing investigative journalists in Africa. It sheds light on the lives of Africa's best muckrakers, and mostly, it casts new light on the motivations that drive them - against all odds and adversities. Divided into twelve chapters, Albert Ntibinyane first offers a brief history of investigative journalism in Africa, before focusing on behind-the-scenes vignettes chronicling the experiences of ten leading African muckrakers. These brief biographical sketches explore the contexts within which they work but focuses on their daily struggles, hopes and fears. Included are pictures, newspaper cuttings and other illustrations to complement the text.

Imagine a world without sight. Is it dark and gloomy? Is it terrifying and isolating? Or is it simply a state of not seeing, which we have demonised and sentimentalized over the centuries? And why is blindness so frightening? In this fascinating historical adventure, Broadcaster and author Selina Mills takes us on a journey through the history of blindness in Western Culture to discover that blindness is not so dark after all. Inspired by her own experience of losing her sight as she forged a successful journalistic career, Life Unseen takes us through a personal and unsentimental historical quest through the lives, stories and achievements of blind people - as well as those sighted people who sought to patronize, demonize and fix them. From the blind poet Homer, through the myths and moralising of early medieval culture to the scientific and medical discoveries of the Enlightenment and modern times, the story of blindness turns out to be a story of our whole culture.

The most substantial collection of critical essays on Morrison to appear since her death in mid-2019, this book contains previously unpublished essays which both acknowledge the universal significance of her writing even as they map new directions. Essayists include pre-eminent Morrison scholars, as well as scholars who work in cultural criticism, African American letters, American modernism, and women's writing. The book includes work on Morrison as a public intellectual; work which places Morrison's writing within today's currents of contemporary fiction; work which draws together Morrison's "trilogy" of Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise alongside Dos Passos' USA trilogy; work which links Morrison to such Black Atlantic artists as Lubaina Himid and others as well as work which offers a reading of "influence" that goes both directions between Morrison and Faulkner. Another cluster of essays treats seldom-discussed works by Morrison, including an essay on Morrison as writer of children's books and as speaker for children's education. In addition, a "Teaching Morrison" section is designed to help teachers and critics who teach Morrison in undergraduate classes. The Bloomsbury Handbook to Toni Morrison is wide-ranging, provocative, and satisfying; a fitting tribute to one of the greatest American novelists.

The period covered by this volume, roughly 800-1400, considers genocidal massacres and actions within the context of the pre-modern state, a time when the term "genocide" did not yet exist. In considering rhetoric, discrimination, and political and legal marginalization that impacted the lives of particular peoples, the volume takes as its premise that genocidal practices and massacres can occur when social dynamism and political change challenges the identity of a community. The case studies analysed in the individual chapters implicitly or explicitly draw upon the frameworks of comparative genocide scholars to explore genocidal massacres in the Middle Ages as localized phenomenon, even if these isolated outbursts do not graph onto the modern definition of genocide perfectly. Each contribution considers genocide as caused by settling national, religious, and ethnic differences; genocide as designed to enforce or fulfil an ideology; and genocide as designed to colonize. Collectively the essays move beyond the number of people killed to consider the steps taken against a people to erase them from the social and cultural fabric of society. It is hoped that this volume encourages us to think both about the legal structures of genocide but also about how the term can be more inclusive and expansive.

A collection of 23 original newspaper articles that present the variety and depth of Churchill's reflections on the largest questions facing humanity. First published in 1932, this wide-ranging volume of essays touches on cartoons, hobbies, spies, flying, elections, economics and modern science, providing fresh ways of exploring Churchill and his perspectives. Published in the Bloomsbury Revelations series to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Churchill's birth, expertly annotated with a new foreword by Churchill scholar, James W. Muller, this volume is a bridge to Churchill's autobiographical works, falling between My Early Life and The Second World War.

This collection of 25 essays allows fresh ways of exploring Churchill and his perspectives. Great Contemporaries presents Churchill's thoughts on notable figures of his time, including men of state, of letters, and of war; ranging from Lawrence of Arabia to Adolf Hitler, from King George V to Leon Trotsky. In these essays, the reader is taken on a journey along the "stepping-stones of historical narrative" through Churchill's eyes. Published to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Churchill's birth, this volume is a bridge in Churchill's autobiographical works, falling between My Early Life and The Second World War. First published in 1937, this is the most complete edition that includes five additional essays and a reconstruction of underlying source material, expertly edited and annotated by Churchill scholar James W. Muller.

An exploration of the serialization of children's classics by contemporary publishers, this book digs into the impact of the practice and provides new ways of reading the corpus of British children's literature from the 20th century. Amy Webster demonstrates how publishers select texts for their series, which texts they omit, which outliers are sometimes included and how a core group of works from the golden age of children's literature emerged. The text also exmamines how texts are abridged and transformed from publisher to publisher through close readings of The Wind in the Willows and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland; and how the repackaging of works within a series highlight issues and choices tied to key paratextual elements. Analyzing data through distant reading and close reading of series from Ladybird, Longman, Puffin and Walker Illustrated editions, this book sheds light on how modern classics series are marked by variation and instability but also a reductive homogeneity. Through her use of quantitative and text-focused research, Webster reveals how commercial motivations have created a gulf between the canonical concepts of the classic and how the term functions as a marketing tool in British children's publishing. With notions of what counts as a classic compromised and complicated, this book leads the call for a critical approach towards both the term 'classic' and to reading children's classics that acknowledges how they are tied to the commercial enterprises of the children's book business.

If pictures are worth a thousand words then just how many words, and what kinds of words, might they inspire? What stories would they tell and would they be happy or sad, elegant or savage? Intimate, philosophical and moving, Snapshot features powerful meditations from 30 well-known writers, each of whom draws on a photograph from their personal archive to inspire a short essay. Charged and intimate, these reflections exhibit a range of sensibilities and experiences, offering unique insight into the lives and interests of both established and emerging authors. Expressing a dynamic array of styles, experience, relationships, landscapes, preoccupations, and rituals from such authors as Teju Cole, Celeste Ng, Dinty Moore, Sven Birkerts, Hilton Als, Sonia Livingston, Roxane Gay, Melissa Febos, Deborah Levy and C. N. Lester, this is an album for our life and times.

This successful textbook offers a highly readable text alongside an engaging mix of theory, case studies and pedagogical features. Covering both managerial and strategic elements of the innovation process, the authors utilise the pentathlon framework to improve performance in both service and manufacturing firms. Innovation Management caters for both MBA and undergraduate students alike, as well as offering an essential perspective for postgraduate students and practitioners.

Build an understanding of a country undergoing dramatic and accelerating changes in this new edition of The History of Saudi Arabia. Taking readers from the Saudi Arabia of pre-Islamic times to the present day, this revised edition in the Histories of Modern Nations series examines how the current efforts to transform the Kingdom fits into the long history of the region. The Arabian Peninsula - the birthplace of Islam - has a long heritage of multiple intersecting civilizations. In recent years, major events in Saudi Arabia have left a mark not only within the region itself but also around the world. The country continues to undergo significant developments, as the government, led by Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman, aims to end its reliance on fossil fuels and build a dynamic society, without bringing into question its authoritarian political system, national security structure, and absolute monarchy. Bring your knowledge up to date with revised information, based on new findings and historiography, on the political, military, religious, economic, and diplomatic history of the country. In addition, this book discusses events such as: - The rise of Muhammad bin Salman - known as MBS - as the new crown prince under his father King Salman, who took the throne in 2015- Vision 2030, a set of reforms designed to create a revived society, a robust economy, and a more vital national state- The Saudi intervention in Yemen as part of the new King's foreign policy- Goals to diversity the economy from oil to tourism and biotechnology- Reforms impacting the status of women and the roles of the religious police

This edited collection considers The Nightmare Before Christmas as a milestone in animation and film history, considering the different layers of meaning and history of the film from pre-production to the present day. The Nightmare Before Christmas (Henry Selick, 1993) has become a key point of reference in negotiations of genre and the boundaries between mainstream and cult cultures, both on screen and in the spaces of fandom, and in original and retrospective reception contexts where it often becomes tangled with nostalgia. Contributors to this edited collection consider the film as a cultural object with significant impact on animation, representations of family and horror, and fandom and subcultures. Covering topics including representations of fairy tales, Christmas media, cultural appropriation, family horror, merchandise, theme parks, and food, this work explores the film's ongoing cultural impact.

Arthouse Crime Scenes is the first book to address the relationship between art cinema and crime, contributing to the study of both categories. Case studies are provided of works by celebrated filmmakers including Lucretia Martell, Kleber Mendonça Filho, Bong Joon Ho, Nuri Bilge Ceylan, Hirokazu Koreeda, Jia Zhangke, Andrey Zvyagintsez and Lee Chang-dong. How is crime represented in art cinema? And how can this be understood in the context of global sociopolitical and film-industrial trends? Arthouse crime scenes draw on variable combinations of elements associated with art cinema and crime genres. Crime might be shown or lurk only at the edges. It might be left unresolved or unexplained. Crime can be petty and small scale or raise big questions associated with the arthouse sector: political issues, the nature of humanity, truth and knowability. In this book, close textual analysis is combined with focus on social and industrial contexts. A recurring theme is the situation of arthouse crime films within differing manifestations of broader processes of late-modern neoliberal globalization and cultural hybridity. Approaches examined range from the oblique to social realism and other mixtures of crime and arthouse tendencies.

This book provides a toolkit for unconventional practice-a comprehensive list of unconventional story shapes and the meanings they create, with accompanying case studies, including: one-act structure; two-act structure; passive protagonists; untimely death of the protagonist, and more. Formed from Aristotelian principles and a three-act shape brought to Hollywood by Broadway playwrights after the advent of sync sound, Conventional Monoplot has come to dominate screen storytelling practice throughout the Western world. For the experimental, rule-suspicious, unconventional screenwriter, alternative storytelling models are available. Beyond the Monoplot offers screenwriters and screenwriting students a new way of approaching and quantifying conventional practice, whilst equipping them with the skills and tools to subvert convention and expectation in dynamic and innovative ways. Where the revolutionary New Hollywood period of the '60s and '70s saw strikingly iconoclastic, original, rule-breaking narratives attracting enormous audiences and making indelible cultural imprints, today's most widely seen films stick rigidly to the Conventional Monoplot model. Shaped and solidified by best-selling screenwriting handbooks of the '80s and 90s, this model proved incredibly useful for a rapidly industrialising consumerist approach to screen entertainment, pushing unconventional and innovative storytelling practices to the cultural fringe. Whilst bold, daring films are still made, their impact is muted: Moonlight, despite winning Best Picture, was only the 134th highest grossing film of its year. And whilst great strides are made towards diversity and representation, story shapes remain cloistered within a consumerist and highly conventionalised form, against which this book pushes back.

With this three-volume companion, students can access the full literary and historical significance of the Aeneid in English through an accessible yet authoritative line-by-line commentary. Written by an experienced teacher and expert on the Aeneid, this guide unpicks Virgil's literary techniques, structural forms and historical resonances. Volume 1 gives you a broad introduction to the historical and philosophical background of the epic; to Virgil's life and works; to the central human and divine characters met in the poem; to how the epic reflects Roman society and its values; to Virgil's literary and stylistic techniques; and to the reception of the epic in later periods. A foreword by renowned translator, Shadi Bartsch-Zimmer, reveals what it means to encounter this epic poem in translation. This book also features maps and family trees so you can trace the travels and lineage of the characters. Plus, the general index is a vital reference tool. It can be used with Volumes 2 and 3, or indeed any edition of the Aeneid in Latin or English, as entries are pegged to line numbers. Volumes 2 and 3 present a line-by-line commentary on the poem, with tables and box features illustrating key narrative arcs and structural patterns.

The long 19th century, approximately 1750 to 1918, was one of significant existential change for peoples across the globe. The beginning of this period saw the expansion of empires, and shortly thereafter, the Euro-American Enlightenment brought about calls for revolutions and the "rights of man". The events and ideas made way for empire and the creation of the nation-state. European states primarily concentrated their aggressive colonization in the Global South, bringing mostly white metropolitans and settlers into intimate contact with diverse African, Asian, and American populations. The inherent violence of imperialism eventually ushered in flashpoints of conflict, as well as indentured servitude, racial segregation, ecological destruction, and genocide throughout Europe's overseas empires. While communal destruction functioned as a central element of 19th-century genocides, colonial governments also used other methods to destroy indigenous life, such as forced assimilation, language adoption, religious instruction, and economic subjugation. Memories of these atrocities have since contributed both to systemic violence in subsequent decades, and to education about these events in the hope of genocide prevention. Yet for all of the violence, a spirit of humanitarianism developed alongside these vile actions that tried to reverse the policies of states and help the aggrieved.

Using a blend of global, intellectual and cultural history, this book explores the geopolitics of Juan Perón and its relationship to, and impact on, the international history of the mid-20th century. Beginning with Perón's formative years, it analyses the concepts that helped form his anti-imperialist geopolitical vision and then traces these ideas over six decades from his time in the Argentine Army through his rise to power, downfall and eventual death in 1974. Dissecting how notions of imperialism, nationalism and decolonization fuelled his ideology and approach to foreign policy, Juan Perón's Anti-Imperialist Geopolitics takes a long-term approach to understand his geopolitical evolution over time. While Peronism has continued to be an influential movement in Argentine politics and remains a lively research topic, his geopolitics have received scant attention despite their significance to his popularity and legacy. This book offers a corrective to this, situating Peronism, Argentina and Latin America on the international stage during the post-imperial era. From his pioneering role in the anti-imperialist solidarity movement, his expansion of the Peronist development model and his efforts to establish a post-imperialist world order through the Non-Aligned Movement, Juan Perón's Anti-Imperialist Geopolitics argues that Perón merits recognition as a leading 20th-century geopolitical thinker.

This book offers a new understanding of the main economic and political trends of 20th-century Britain, through the lens of Churchill's early career and approach to industrialisation. Shedding fresh light on Churchill's political endeavours between 1900 and 1922, this study analyses his work within his political constituencies, and highlights how he attempted to balance their local concerns with his larger imperial agenda. Tomlinson guides readers through Britain's industrial challenges at the start of the twentieth century - with a particular focus on the textile economies of Churchill's constituencies in Lancashire and Scotland - and shows how industrial competition within the Empire exemplified the tensions between domestic economic policy and attempts at globalization, and influenced Churchill's later politics. Tomlinson acknowledges the role of the First World War in boosting the industrial output and bargaining power of countries within the Empire, and analyses these alongside key moments in Churchill's early career, such as his defeat at Dundee, and time at the Exchequer. In doing so, the author highlights the context in which Churchill's ideas on the politics and economics of Empire were first formed, particularly in relation to the impact of imperial economic policy on British domestic prosperity. Ultimately, this book delivers a new assessment of twentieth-century British economic history, in the light of Britain's relationship to the Empire and the 'first great globalization'.

First published in 1988, Teachers as Intellectuals encourages us to see schools as democratic spaces in which teachers and students work together to transform society. Giroux incorporates the most valuable insights of critical pedagogy into a more comprehensive and practical theory of schooling, committed to educating students in the language of critique and possibility. At the heart of his vision for schooling is the ability of the teacher to act as a transformative intellectual and to use critical pedagogy as a form of cultural politics. The book includes an introduction by Paulo Freire, a foreword by Peter McLaren and new introduction from the author.

Now updated in its 3rd edition, this classic work from Giroux provides theoretical and political tools for addressing how pedagogy, knowledge, resistance, and power can be analyzed within and across a variety of cultural spheres, including but not limited to the schools. This edition includes four new chapters covering critical pedagogy and resistance, cultural politics and public intellectuals, challenging gangster capitalism and the lies and violence of fascist politics. These new chapters show how the calls for radical social change made in the previous edition are needed now more than ever in the struggle against fascism, authoritarianism, racism and other systems of oppression that are still built into society and our education systems. The book includes a foreword by Paulo Freire and a preface by Stanley Aronowitz.

This open access book tells the story of eight youth service organizations in the USA, using the voices of the impacted youth and the staff who accompanied them. Drawing on a series of structured interviews with young people and staff and informed by positive youth development (PYD), ideas the author proposes nine universal principles for working with youth from under-resourced neighborhoods that can be applied to any youth organization. The principles include orienting youth towards a purposeful future, providing an opportunity to build academic and critical thinking abilities, and developing individual's identity and sense of agency. The book contributes to the emerging methodology of principles-focused evaluation and draws on range of disciplines including psychology, education and youth studies. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Thrive Foundation.