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Overview of COX-2 in inflammation: from the biology to the clinic.- Inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammation.- Overview of HO-I in inflammatory pathologies.- Inducible enzymes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.- iNOS and COX-2 in atherosclerosis.- The role of the inducible enzymes cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase in angiogenesis of inflammation.- Role of the inducible forms of cydooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase in inflammatory pain.- Neuroinflammation.- Inducible enzymes in inflammation: advances, interactions and conflicts.

1 The Hierarchy of Climate Models.- A gallery of simple models from climate physics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fluid dynamics and thermodynamics.- 3 Reduced physics equations.- 4 Integrated models.- 5 Low-order models.- References.- Simple climate models.- 1 Climate and climate modelling.- 2 Zero-dimensional energy balance climate model.- 3 Quasi-geostrophic two-layer atmosphere in a channel.- 4 Reduced gravity ocean in a square basin.- 5 Summary and outlook.- References.- Complex climate models' tools for studying the origin of stochasticity in the climate system.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Origin of complexity.- 3 Cosequence of complexity.- 4 Concluding remarks.- References.- Some mathematical aspects of the GCMs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hierarchy of PDEs in the GCMs.- 3 The PEs and PEV2s of the ocean.- 4 The PEs and PEV2s of the atmosphere.- 5 Coupled atmosphere-ocean (CAO) models.- References.- 2 The Emergence of Randomness: Chaos, Averaging, Limit Theorems.- Hasselmann's program revisited: the analysis of stochasticity in deterministic climate models.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Stochasticity in deterministic climate models with two separate time scales.- 3 The method of averaging.- 4 Normal deviations from the averaged system: the central limit theorem.- 5 Large deviations from the averaged system.- 6 Extensions of Hasselmann's program comments.- References.- Thermodynamic formalism, large deviation, and multifractals.- 1 Expanding dynamical systems.- 2 Pointwise dimension.- 3 Multifractal formalism.- 4 Local large deviation.- References.- Summary.- Averaging and climate models.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The averaging setup.- 3 Fully coupled systems.- 4 Appendix A: hyperbolicity.- 5 Appendix B: Proof of Theorem 3.1.- 6 Appendix B: Proof of Theorem 3.2.- References.- Dynamical systems with time scale separation: averaging, stochastic modelling, and central limit theorems.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Average skill of an averaged model.- 3 Stochastic modelling.- 4 Central limit theorems and their limits.- Conclusion.- Appendix: Remarks on the numerical implementation.- References.- 3 Tools and Methods: SDE, Dynamical Systems, SPDE, Multiscale Techniques.- Energy balance models - viewed from stochastic dynamics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The paradigm of stochastic resonance.- 3 Deterministic energy balance models.- 4 Stochastic extensions of EBM.- 5 Stochastic resonance: Freidlin's approach.- References.- Exponential stability of the quasigeostrophic equation under random perturbations.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Preliminaries.- 3 Transformation of the quasigeostrophic equation.- 4 The stationary solution.- 5 Discussion.- References.- A mini course on stochastic partial differential equations.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cauchy problem and semigroups.- 3 Infinite dimensional Wiener processes.- 4 Stochastic integration.- 5 First order stochastic equations.- 6 Heat equation with space-time white noise.- 7 Stationary solutions of a wave equation.- 8 Nonlinear stochastic pdes.- 9 Appendix.- References.- Hasselmann's stochastic climate model viewed from a statistical mechanics perspective.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The microscopic description.- 3 The mesoscopic description.- 4 A derivation of the Langevin equation.- 5 The macroscopic description.- 6 Statistical mechanics.- 7 Discussion.- References.- 4 Reduced Stochastic Models and Particular Techniques.- Constrained stochastic forcing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Charney-DeVore model.- 3 Discussion.- References.- Stochastic resonance and noise-induced phase coherence.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Stochastic resonance in the framework of synchronization phenomena.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- Stochastic confinement of Rossby waves by fluctuating eastward flows.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Spectral model.- 3 Superrotation flow.- 4 Interpretation.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Some mathematical remarks concerning the localization of planetary waves in a stochastic background flow.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some remarks concerning path properties of R.- 3 Transformation int...

Circuit Simulation.- A new efficient numerical integration scheme for highly oscillatory electric circuits.- Numerische Lösung von hierarchisch strukturierten Systemen von Algebro-Differentialgleichungen.- Partitioning and multirate strategies in latent electric circuits.- Circuit simulation - an application for parallel ODE solvers?.- Numerical stability criteria for differential-algebraic systems.- Analysis of linear time-invariant networks in the frequency domain.- Limit cycle computation of oscillating electric circuits.- Timestep control for charge conserving integration in circuit simulation.- Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Waveformrelaxation und Iterationsverfahren für nichtlinear gestörte Gleichungen.- Multilevel-Newton-Verfahren in der Transientenanalyse elektrischer Netzwerke.- Transientensimulation elektrischer Netwerke mit TRBDF.- The transient behavior of an oscillator.- Device Simulation.- Numerical simulation of the carrier transport in semiconductor devices on the base of an energy model.- On uniqueness of solutions to the drift-diffusion-model of semiconductor devices.- On restrictions for discretizations of the simplified linearized van Roosbroeck's equations.- Mixed finite element discretization of continuity equations arising in semiconductor device simulation.- A piecewise linear Petrov-Galerkin analysis of the box-method.- Stability analysis of thermocapillary convection in semiconductor crystal growth.- The method of Baliga-Patankar and 3-D device simulation.- A mass conserving moving grid method for dopant simulation.- Numerical approaches to the kinetic semiconductor equations.- The non-stationary semiconductor model with bounded convective velocity and generation/recombination term.

Contents. List of Contributors. Preface. T.J. Mitchell and T.J. Williams: The role of eotaxin and related CC-chemokines in asthma and allergy. Roger J. Davis: Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Marie Chabot-Fletcher: TNF and IL-1 signaling to NF-kB. Anthony M. Manning: Small molecule regulators of AP-1 and NF-kB. Robert T. Abraham: Mammalian target of rapamycin: Immunosuppressive drugs offer new insights into cell growth regulation. Catherine A. Burton, John Boylan, Candy Robinson, Janet Kerr and Pamela Benfield: Constitutive expression of a tumor suppressor leads to tumor regression in a xenograft model. Steven D. Shapiro: Macrophage metalloproteinases in destructive inflammatory diseases. Nancy H. Ruddle: Lymphotoxin in inflammation and lymphoid organ development: Variations on a theme. Steven L. Kunkel, Sem H. Phan, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Cory Hogaboam and Stephen W. Chensue: Chemokine/cytokine biology during the evolution of fibrotic disease. Long Gu, Susan C. Tseng and Barrett J. Rollins: The role of MCP-1 in disease. Lisa A. Beck, Cristiana Stellato, Syed Shahabuddin, Renate Nickel and Robert P. Schleimer: The role of chemokines in allergic diseases of the airways. James Winkler and Ken Tramposch (coordicators): Ninth International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association, November 1-5, 1998: Summaries of workshops and poster discussions. William Williams and Elizabeth Arner (chair persons): Targets in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Lawrence Wennogle and Nancy Cusack (chair persons): Signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. James Burke and Floyd Chilton (chair persons): Mediators in inflammation and their enzymes. Denis Schrier and Fandrew Issekutz (chair persons): Cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte trafficking. Robert M. Strieter and David Underwood (chair persons): Pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and disease. W. Hunter and E. Turley (chair persons): Angiogenesis, wound repair and skin inflammation. Index.

Methotrexate: historical aspects.- Methotrexate, its mechanisms of action in malignant disease and mechanisms of resistance by malignant cells.- Current use of methotrexate in the treatment of malignancies in adults.- The use of methotrexate in the treatment of childhood malignancies.- The mechanisms of methotrexate's action in the treatment of inflammatory disease.- Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.- Use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological disorders.- The use of methotrexate in gynecological practice.

I Motile Dynamics at the Cellular Level - Cytoplasmic Motion and Cell Shape -.- I.1 Embryonic Mesoderm Cells and Larval Keratocytes from Xenopus: Structure and Motility of Single Cells.- I.2 Periodicity in Shape Changes of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.- I.3 Self-organized F-Actin Autowaves Govern Pseudopodium Projection and the Non-random Locomotion of Dictyostelium Amoebae.- I.4 Mathematical Analysis of Cell Shape.- I.5 Protrusion, Retraction and the Efficiency of Cell Locomotion.- I.6 Microscopic Image Classification Based on Descriptor Analysis.- I.7 A Dynamical Model of Cell Division.- I.8 Shape Behavior of Closed Layered Membranes and Cytokinesis.- I.9 Protrusion-Retraction Dynamics of an Annular Lamellipodial Seam.- I.10 Auto-oscillatory Processes and Feedback Mechanisms in Physarum Plasmodium Motility.- I.11 Origin of Actin-induced Locomotion of Listeria.- I.12 Models for the Formation of Oriented F-actin Structures in the Cytoskeleton.- II Dynamics of Cell Interaction with the Environment.- II.1 Cell-Substratum Interactions of Amoeba proteus: Old and New Open Questions.- II.2 Imaging Traction Stresses.- II.3 Chemotaxis and Chemokinesis of Dictyostelium Amoebae: Different Accumulation Mechanisms Induced by Temporal Signals and Spatial.- II.4 Receptor-mediated Models for Leukocyte Chemotaxis.- II.5 A Model for Cell Migration by Contact Guidance.- II.6 Derivation of a Cell Migration Transport Equation from an Underlying Random Walk Model.- II.7 A Continuum Model for the Role of Fibroblast Contact Guidance in Wound Contraction.- II.8 Wound Healing and Tumour Growth - Relations and Differences -.- III Dynamics of Cell-Cell Interactions - Collective Motion and Aggregation -.- III.1 Models for Spatio-angular Self-organization in Cell Biology.- III.2 Aggregation Induced by Diffusing and Nondiffusing Media.- III.3 Models of Dictyostelium discoideum Aggregation.- III.4 A Cellular Automata Approach to the Modelling of Cell-Cell Interactions.- IV Dynamics within Tissues - Morphogenesis and Plant Movement -.- IV.1 Morphogenetic Dynamics in Tissues: Expectations of Developmental and Cell Biologists.- IV.2 Mechanical Stresses in Animal Development: Patterns and Morphogenetical Role.- IV.3 Mechanisms for Branching Morphogenesis of the Lung.- IV.4 Tissue Stresses in Plant Organs: Their Origin and Importance for Movements.- IV.5 Self-Organization and the Formation of Patterns in Plants.- IV.6 The Mathematics of Plate Bending.- IV.7 Mechanical Forces and Signal Transduction in Growth and Bending of Plant Roots.- IV.8 Growth Field and Cell Displacement within the Root Apex.- IV.9 The Stationary State of Epithelial Tissues.- References.- Group Picture.- Addresses.

Clinical issues.- Long-term course, comorbidity and long-term outcome in depressive disorders.- Do antidepressants really take several weeks to show effect?.- Commentary on the limitation of antidepressants in current use.- Mechanisms of action.- Mechanisms underlying the speed of onset of antidepressant response.- Calcium signaling cascades, antidepressants and major depressive disorders.- Markers of depression.- The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and antidepressant action.- Neuroendocrine markers of depression and antidepressant drug action.- Brain cytokines and the psychopathology of depression.- The future of antidepressants.- Chemistry and pharmacology of novel antidepressants.

1. Epidemiology of Asthma Mortality.- 2. Epidemiology of Childhood Asthma.- 3. Is Chronic Use of ?2-Agonists Detrimental in the Treatment of Asthma ?.- 4. Assessment of Airway Inflammation in Asthma Using Non-Invasive Methods.- 5. Treatment of Asthma in Children: the Case for Inhaled Corticosteroids as First Line Agents.- 6. Treatment of Asthma in Children: the Case Against Inhaled Corticosteroids as First Line Agents.- 7. Future Trends in the Use of Corticosteroids in Asthma.- 8. Steroid Sparing Therapies in Asthma.- 9. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors in Asthma.- 10. Theophylline and New Generation Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Asthma.

Contents. List of Contributors. Brian Henderson and Gerry Higgs: Targets for modulating cytokine responses in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Mary Lee MacKichan and Anthony L. DeFranco: Cell signalling and cytokine induction by lipopolysaccharide. Rodger A. Allen and Stephen E. Rapecki: Regulation of cytokine production by inhibitors of cell signalling. Stanley T. Crooke: Oligonucleotide-based drugs in the control of cytokine synthesis. Peter I. Croucher, Ingunn Holen and Philip G. Hargreaves: Inhibiting cytokine-processing enzymes. Amanda Suitters and Roly Foulkes: Cytokine-neutralizing therapeutic antibodies. Ravinder N. Maini: The debut of anti-TNF therapy of rheumatoid arthritis in the clinic. Anthony Meager: Blockade of cytokine activity by soluble cytokine receptors. Michael F. Smith Jr.: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Raymond J. Owens and Simon Lumb: Therapeutic regulation of cytokine signalling by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Christian Bogdan, Yoram Vodovotz and John Letterio: TGF-ß and IL-10: inhibitory cytokines regulating immunity and the response to infection. Brian Henderson: Therapeutic control of cytokines: lessons from microorganisms. Index

Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and acute inflammation: A physiological process.- Free radicals and pathology: current concepts.- The NADPH oxidase of neutrophile and other cells.- Nitric oxide - a novel antimicrobial agent.- Xanthine oxidoreductase.- Inflammatory mediators free radicals and gene transcription.- Reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen adhesion molecule expression and chronic joint inflammation.- Role of thioredoxin in the redox regulation of gene expression in inflammatory diseases.- Reactive oxygen species and the regulation of metalloproteinase expression.- Nitric oxide and inflammatory joint diseases.- Nitric oxide and bone destruction.- Why does chronic inflammation persist? A radical autoimmune perspective.- Radicals granuloma formation and fibrosis.- Reactive oxygen species nitric oxide and apoptosis.- Evolving measurements of radical products - how much do they tell us about inflammation?.- Do antioxidants have a role in the therapy of human inflammatory diseases?.

Skin immune system (SIS).- Immunological aspects of allergic inflammation: IgE regulation.- The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.- Immunological aspects of allergic inflammation: eosinophils.- Mast cells.- Cell-to-cell interactions.- Atopic dermatitis.- Allergic contact dermatitis: cosmetics.- Clinical aspects of occupational contact dermatitis.- Clinical aspects: urticaria.- Clinical aspects: drug allergy.- Future developments in treatment of atopic dermatitis.

1. Gene Therapy.- Asthma.- 2. Genetics of Asthma.- 3. Transcription Factors and Inflammatory Lung Disease.- 4. Regulation of the Cytokine Gene Cluster on Chromosome 5q.- 5. Cytokine Expression in Asthma.- 6. ?-Adrenoceptors.- 7. Regulation of Eosinophil Migration.- 8. Proteinase Allergens of House Dust Mites: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Possible Functional Significance of Their Enzyme Activity.- Cancer.- 9. Gene Expression in Lung Cancer.- 10. Gene Therapy for Cancer: Prospects for the Treatment of Lung Tumours.

Search for potent immunostimulating agents from plants and other natural sources.- Chemistry, analysis and immunological investigations of Echinacea phytopharmaceuticals.- Immunologically active polysaccharides from Echinacea purpurea plant and cell cultures.- Clinical investigations of Echinacea phytopharmaceuticals.- Benefit and risks of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulant therapy.- Low-molecular weight compounds with complement activity.- Complement-activating polysaccharides from medicinal herbs.- Lentinan and other antitumoral polysaccharides.- Mistletoe lectins as immunostimulants (chemistry, pharmacology and clinic).- Saponins as immunoadjuvants and immunostimulants.- Garlic as an immunostimulant.- Immunostimulants in Ayurveda medicine.- Immunostimulants in traditional Chinese medicine.

Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids in the Skin and their Role in Epidermal Barrier function.- Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Skin.- Role of Eicosanoids in Psoriasis and Atopic Skin Diseases.- Cutaneous Essential Fatty Acids and Hydroxy Fatty Acids: Modulation of Inflammatory and Hyperproliferative Processes.- Dietary Fatty Acids and Skin Diseases.- Inhibitors of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis in Skin Inflammation.- Keratinocytes as a Cellular Source of Inflammatory Eicosanoids.- Strategies for the Analysis of Fatty Acid Mediators of Inflammation.- The Effect of Fatty Acid Composition and Retinoic Acid on Human Keratinocyte Plasma Membrane Viscosity.

From the book reviews: "This is the softcover reprint of a monograph that was awarded the Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer prize in 1996. It is devoted to a recurring theme in number theory, namely that the non-vanishing of L-functions implies important arithmetical results. ... Giving a well-informed overview of related results it will continue to be an important source of information for graduate students and researchers ... ." (Ch. Baxa, Monatshefte für Mathematik, Vol. 173, 2014)

How early studies of inflammation led to our current views on the roles of vascular adhesion molecules.- Adhesion of leukocytes from flow: The selectins and their ligands.- Co-operative signaling between leukocytes and endothelium mediating firm attachment.- Production and presentation of chemokines by endothelial cells.- Platelet-activating factor: A signaling molecule for leukocyte adhesion.- Tight junctions and adherens junctions in endothelial cells: Structure and regulation.- The role of PECAM in leukocyte emigration.- Selective lymphocyte migration into secondary lymphoid rrgans and inflamed tissues.- Oxidation-reduction sensitive regulation of vascular inflammatory gene expression.- Quantification and imaging of vascular adhesion molecule expression in inflammatory diseases in vivo.- Leukocyte adhesion and activation in xenografts.- Control of leukocyte adhesion and activation in ischemia-reperfusion injury.- Control of leukocyte adhesion and activation in atherogenesis.

Reduced Order Based Compensator Control of Thin Film Growth in a CVD Reactor.- On Modeling and Design Problems in Micro Diffractive Optics.- A Linearized Model for Boundary Layer Equations.- Numerical Solution of Optimal Control Problems Governed by the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations.- Intrinsic Asymptotic Model of Piezoelectric Shells.- Modeling, Simulation and Control of Laser Heat Treatments.- Numerical Analysis in Optimal Control.- Optimal Control of the Drift Diffusion Model for Semiconductor Devices.- Fully Coupled Model of a Nonlinear Thin Plate Excited by Piezoelectric Actuators.- Topology Optimization of High Power Electronic Devices.- Effects of Thickness on Sharp Trace Regularity for a Kirchhoff Plate with Free Boundary.- On the Solvability of Trigonometric Moment Problems Arising in the Problem of Controllability of Rotating Beams.- Domain Decomposition in Optimal Boundary Control of Hyperbolic Equations with Boundary Damping.- Optimal Regularity of Elastic and Thermoelastic Kirchhoff Plates with Clamped Boundary Control.- The Interplay of Convection, Conduction and Phase Transition in a Shape-memory Alloy.- Semipermeable Curves and Level Sets of the Value Function in Differential Games with the Homicidal Chauffeur Dynamics.- Sensitivity Calculations for 2D-Optimization of Turbomachine Blading.- A Gauss-Newton Method for the Identification of Nonlinear Heat Transfer Laws.- Topological Derivatives of Shape Functionals for Elasticity Systems.- Control Variational Methods for Differential Equations.- Control of Czochralski Crystal Growth.- Boundary Control of the Burgers Equation: Optimality Conditions and Reduced-order Approach.- Flow Matching by Shape Design for the Navier-Stokes System (suppl.).

1.- I Hilbert Spaces.- II Bounded Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space.- III Unbounded Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space.- 2.- IV Regular Linear Hamiltonian Systems.- V Atkinson's Theory for Singular Hamiltonian Systems of Even Dimension.- VI The Niessen Approach to Singular Hamiltonian Systems.- VII Hinton and Shaw's Extension of Weyl's M(?) Theory to Systems.- VIII Hinton and Shaw's Extension with Two Singular Points.- IX The M (?) Surface.- X The Spectral Resolution for Linear Hamiltonian Systems with One Singular Point.- XI The Spectral Resolution for Linear Hamiltonian Systems with Two Singular Points.- XII Distributions.- 3.- XIII Orthogonal Polynomials.- XIV Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Second Order Differential Equations.- XV Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Fourth Order Differential Equations.- XVI Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Sixth Order Differential Equations.- XVII Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Higher Order Differential Equations.- XVIII Differential Operators in Sobolev Spaces.- XIX Examples of Sobolev Differential Operators.- XX The Legendre-Type Polynomials and the Laguerre-Type Polynomials in a Sobolev Spaces.- Closing Remarks.

1 Basic Principles and Facts.- 2 Gegenbauer Polynomials.- 3 Multivariate Polynomials.- 4 Polynomials on Sphere and Ball.- 5 Approximation Methods.- 6 Approximation on the Sphere.- 7 Approximation on the Ball.- 8 Tomography.- A Legendre Basis.- B Zeros of the Kernel Function.- C Newman-Shapiro Operators.- D Reconstruction.- E Solutions.

Jochen W. Schmidt in Memoriam.- Best Approximation of Polynomials on the Sphere and on the Ball.- The Sign of a Harmonic Function Near a Zero.- Radial Basis Functions for the Sphere.- Cubature Formulae for Polyharmonic Functions.- On the Structure of Kergin Interpolation for Points in General Position.- Frames Containing a Riesz Basis and Approximation of the Inverse Frame Operator.- Kronecker Type Convolution of Function Vectors with one Refinable Factor.- Best One-Sided L1-Approximation by B2,1-Blending Functions.- Open Problem: Existence of Hermite Interpolatory Subdivision Schemes with Arbitrary Large Smoothnesses.- Asymptotic Formulas in Cardinal Interpolation and Orthogonal Projection.- Note on d-Extremal Configurations for the Sphere in ?d+1.- Some Cubature Formulae Using Mixed Type Data.- On an Extremal Problem Originating in Questions of Unconditional Convergence.- Node Insertion and Node Deletion for Radial Basis Functions.- Tangent Space Methods for Approximation on Compact Homogeneous Manifolds.- Open Problem Concerning Fourier Transforms of Radial Functions in Euclidean Space and on Spheres.- Local Lagrange Interpolation on Powell-Sabin Triangulations and Terrain Modelling.- The Geometry of Nodes in a Positive Quadrature on the Sphere.- Normalized Tight Frames in Finite Dimensions.- Publications of Jochen W. Schmidt.

The development of glucocorticoids as therapeutic agents.- Glucocorticoid biology - a molecular maze and clinical challenge..- Glucocorticoid biology - a historical perspective.- The development of synthetic glucocorticoids.- Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action.- The glucocorticoid receptor: expression, function, and regulation of glucocorticoid responsiveness.- Molecular and cellular aspects of cytokine regulation by glucocorticoids.- Current perspectives in glucocorticoid biology.- Glucocorticoids and leukocyte adhesion.- Annexin I as a mediator of glucocorticoid action.- Glucocorticoids and the HPA axis.- The role of 11?-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase in regulating glucocorticoid action..- Glucocorticoids in contemporary clinical practice.- Glucocorticoids and asthma.- Systemic glucocorticoids in chronic arthritis.- Glucocorticoids in the control of inflammatory bowel disease.

1. Elliptic problems.- 1.1 The Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in an annulus.- 1.2 Examples of Dirichlet problems in an annulus.- 1.3 The interior and exterior Dirichlet problems.- 1.4 The Poisson integral for the disc. Complex form. Solution of the Dirichlet problem when the boundary condition is a rational function R(sin ?, cos ?).- 1.5 The interior and exterior Dirichlet problems.- 1.6 Boundary value problems for the Poisson equation in a disc and in an annulus.- 1.7 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a rectangle.- 1.8 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a bounded cylinder.- 1.9 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a ball.- 1.10 Boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equations.- 1.11 Boundary value problem for the Helmoltz equation in a cylinder.- 1.12 Boundary value problems for the Helmoltz equation in a disc.- 1.13 Boundary value problems for the Helmoltz equation in a ball.- 1.14 Guided electromagnetic waves.- 1.15 The method of conformal mappings (for the solution of boundary value problems in the plane).- 1.16 The Green function method.- 1.17 Other methods.- 1.18 Problems for independent study.- 1.19 Answers.- 2. Hyperbolic problems.- 2.1 The travelling-wave method.- 2.2 The method of selection of particular solutions.- 2.3 The Fourier integral transform method.- 2.4 The Laplace integral transform met hod.- 2.5 The Hankel integral transform method.- 2.6 The method of standing waves. Oscillations of a bounded string.- 2.7 Some examples of mixed problems for the equation of oscillations of a string.- 2.8 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a rectangular membrane.- 2.9 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a circular membrane.- 2.10 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a beam.- 2.11 The perturbation method.- 2.12 Problems for independent study.- 2.13 Answers.- Chaper 3. Parabolic problems.- 3.1 The Fourier integral transform method.- 3.2 The Lapalce integral transform method.- 3.3 The Fourier method (method of separation of variables).- 3.4 A modification of the method of separation of variables for solving the Cauchy problem.- 3.5 Problems for independent study.- 3.6 Answers.- References.

I Finite Rank Operators.- 1 Trace and determinant for finite rank operators.- 2 Properties of the trace and determinant.- 3 Representations of the trace and determinant.- 4 Uniqueness of the trace and determinant.- 5 Von Koch form of the determinant.- 6 Fredholm form of the determinant.- 7 Plemelj-Smithies formulas.- 8 Polynomial operator pencils.- 9 Inversion formulas.- 10 Comments.- II Continuous Extension of Trace and Determinant.- 1 Extension problems and embedded algebras.- 2 Main theorems.- 3 Analyticity of the determinant and the Plemelj-Smithies formulas.- 4 Lipschitz conditions.- 5 Several remarks.- 6 Connections between the zeros of the determinant and the eigenvalues of an operator.- 7 Determinants of infinite matrices in Von Koch form.- 8 Comments.- III First Examples.- 1 The Poincaré determinant.- 2 Hill's method.- 3 The Von Koch-Riesz algebra.- 4 The Mennicken-Wagenführer algebra.- 5 The algebra D(?1).- 6 Comments.- IV Trace Class and Hilbert-Schmidt Operators in Hilbert Space.- 1 Preliminaries.- 2 Singular numbers.- 3 Inequalities for eigenvalues, diagonal elements and singular numbers.- 4 Additional inequalities for singular numbers.- 5 Ideal of trace class operators.- 6 Lidskii trace theorem.- 7 Hilbert-Schmidt operators.- 8 Tests of nuclearity for integral operators with continuous and Hilbert-Schmidt kernels.- 9 Integral operators with smooth kernels.- 10 Polynomial operator pencils.- 11 Classes Sp.- 12 Comments.- V Nuclear Operators in Banach Spaces.- 1 The Ruston-Grothendieck algebra of nuclear operators.- 2 Examples of nuclear operators in Banach spaces.- 3 Grothendieck trace theorem.- 4 Asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues of nuclear operators.- 5 Comments.- VI The Fredholm Determinant.- 1 The Fredholm determinant for integral operators with continuous and piecewise continuous kernels.- 2 The Algebra $${\mathcal{D}_\Omega }(\mathcal{H})$$. Hill's Method (revisited).- 3 Diagonally modified Fredholm determinant.- 4 A modification of the Plemelj-Smithies formula.- 5 Integral Operators in L1(T, ?, ?).- 6 Systems of integral equations.- 7 Comments.- VII Possible Values of Traces and Determinants. Perelson Algebras.- 1 Perelson algebras.- 2 Possible values of traces and determinants in Perelson algebras.- 3 Possible values in $${\mathcal{D}_\Omega }(\mathcal{H})$$.- 4 Comments.- VIII Inversion Formulas.- 1 General inversion formulas.- 2 Explicit formulas for resolvents of integral operators.- 3 Homogeneous integral equations.- 4 Comments.- IX Regularized Determinants.- 1 Extension problems.- 2 The main (extension) theorems for regularized determinants.- 3 Analyticity, Plemelj-Smithies formulas.- 4 Comments.- X Hilbert-Carleman Determinants.- 1 Integral operators with degenerate kernels.- 2 Integral operators on a class of Banach spaces.- 3 Hilbert-Schmidt integral operators.- 4 Mikhlin-Itskovich algebra.- 5 Algebra ?1.- 6 Diagonally modified Hilbert-Carleman determinant.- 7 Hilbert-Carleman determinant for infinite matrices.- 8 Comments.- XI Regularized Determinants of Higher Order.- 1 Main extension theorems.- 2 Analyticity and Plemelj-Smithies formulas.- 3 Preparation for the proof of Theorem IV.10.3.- 4 Proof of Theorem IV.10.3.- 5 Comments.- XII Inversion Formulas via Generalized Determinants.- 1 General case.- 2 Integral equations.- 3 Systems of Hill's equations.- 4 Comments.- XIII Determinants of Integral Operators with Semi-separable Kernels.- 1 Statement of the main theorem.- 2 Input-output representations.- 3 Cascade connection of systems.- 4 Inverse systems.- 5 Inversion of integral operators with semi-separable kernels.- 6 Indicator of integral operators.- 7 Computation of the Hilbert-Carleman and the Fredholm determinants.- 8 Spectra of integral operators with semi-separable kernels.- 9 Time invariant systems.- 10 Counting negative eigenvalues of a Hilbert-Schmidt operator via sign changes of a determinant.- 11 Comments.- XIV Algebras without the Approximation Property.- 1 A general class of algebr

1 Rawa trees.- 2 The height and width of simple trees.- 3 On the node structure of binary search trees.- 4 The saturation level in binary search tree.- 5 Smoothness and decay properties of the limiting quicksort density function.- 6 The number of descendants in simply generated random trees.- 7 An universal predictor based on pattern matching, preliminary results.- 8 A bijective proof of the arborescent form of the multivariable Lagrange's inversion formula.- 9 Counting paths on the slit plane.- 10 Random generation of words of context-free languages according to the frequencies of letters.- 11 An algebra for generating trees.- 12 A set of well-defined operations on succession rules.- 13 Convergence of a genetic algorithm with finite population.- 14 Complexity issues for a redistribution problem.- 15 On the rate of escape of a mutation-selection algorithm.- 16 Randomized rendezvous.- 17 Computing closed-form stochastic bounds on the stationary distribution of Markov chains.- 18 Effects of reordering and lumping in the analysis of discrete-time SANs.- 19 Large deviations for polling systems.- 20 A nonlinear integral operator encountered in the bandwidth sharing of a star-shaped network.- 21 A new proof of Yaglom's exponential limit law.- 22 The branching measure, Hausdorff and packing measures on the Galion-Watson tree.- 23 Likelihood ratio processes and asymptotic statistics for systems of interacting diffusions with branching and immigration.- 24 Probabilistic Analysis of a Schröder Walk Generation Algorithm.- 25 Gibbs families.- 26 Generating functions with high-order poles are nearly polynomial.- 27 Ultrahigh Moments for a Brownian Excursion.- 28 A zero-one law for random sentences in description logics.

Recent advances in prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infections.- The effects of morphine on cell proliferation.- Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a survey.- Multi-dimensional QSAR in drug research.- NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery: Tools for combinatorial chemistry, natural products, and metabolism research.- Prostate cancer and the androgen receptor: Strategies for the development of novel therapeutics.- Quantitative structure-activity relationships of cardiotonic agents.- Index Vol. 55.- Index of titles, Vol. 1-55.- Author and paper index, Vol. 1-55.

A Model for Mixtures of Micromagnetic Materials allowing Existence and Regularity.- Variational Properties of a Model for Image Segmentation with Overlapping Regions.- Variational Theory of Weak Geometric Structures.- Optimal Transportation Problems with Free Dirichlet Regions.- Local Minimizers for a Free Gradient Discontinuity Problem in Image Segmentation.- Irrigation.- Symmetrization and Functionals Defined on BV.- Interface Energies and Structured Deformations in Plasticity.- Higher Order Variational Problems and Phase Transitions in Nonlinear Elasticity.- Unstable Crystalline Wulff Shapes in 3D.- Dimension Reduction in Continuum Mechanics.- Reaction-Diffusion Equations and Learning.- Contributors.- List of Participants.

New opportunities for stroke prevention and therapeutics: a hope from anti-inflammatory drugs?.- Inflammation in stroke and CNS trauma - experimental and clinical evidence.- Clinical evidence of inflammation as a risk factor in ischemic stroke.- Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke: evidence from experimental models.- Inflammatory and immune responses to CNS injury: beneficial and detrimental components.- Salutary effect of autoimmune T cells after central nervous system injury.- Traumatic brain injury: is head trauma an inflammatory disease?.- Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators - implications for stroke.- Inflammatory cells in stroke.- Do leukocytes play a role in focal ischemia in the brain? An objective review of the literature.- The role of microglia in ischemic brain injury.- Inflammatory activation of brain cells by hypoxia: transcription factors and signaling pathways.- Inflammatory cytokines, interleukins and chemokines in stroke and CNS trauma.- Cytokine effects on CNS cells: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of stroke.- Interleukin-10 in cerebral ischemia and stroke.- Chemokines and ischemic stroke.- Biphasic activity of tumor necrosis factor in stroke and brain trauma: interaction with reactive oxygen species.- Interleukin-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutics.- Inflammatory cytokines in CNS trauma.- Inflammation in cerebral thrombosis, angiogenesis and matrix regulation: a new perspective in stroke research and therapeutics.- Microvessel integrin expression during focal cerebral ischemia.- The inflammatory response in focal cerebral ischemia.- Chronic neuronal perturbation mediated by RAGE, a receptor for ?-sheet fibrils and S100/calgranulins.- Mediators of inflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia.- Inflammatory proteases and oxygen radicals in stroke.- The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke.- Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypoxia/reoxygenation and stroke.- Extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and neuroinflammation in stroke.- Anti-oxidant strategies to treat stroke.- Inflammatory adhesion molecules, kinins, nitric oxide complement factors and lipid mediators in stroke.- Selectin-and complement-mediated mechanisms of tissue injury in stroke.- The kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic and traumatic brain injury.- Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 in experimental focal stroke.

der schwacheren Formulierung von Hilbert (1956). Es wird gezeigt, dass dieses Axiom genau die Definition einer multiplikativen Untergruppe des Korpers der Inzidenzebene ist. Ein Punkt liegt nicht zwischen zwei anderen (mit ihm kollinearen) Punkten (bzw. zwei Punktpaare trennen sich nicht in der projek- tiven Formulierung) genau dann, wenn das Doppelverhaltnis ein Element der Untergruppe ist. Umgekehrt wird das Axiomensystem durch die Angabe einer beliebigen multiplikativen Untergruppe befriedigt. Ein vollstandiges Axiomen- system der Anordnung erreicht man, falls man durch ein zusatzliches Axiom die grosste eigentliche Untergruppe, zum Beispiel die mit Index 2 im Fall einer ungeraden Charakteristik, auswahlt. Im Teil 2. 5 wird gezeigt, dass das scharfere Paschsche Axiom genau die Untergruppe mit Index 2 aus- wahlt. Im Kapitel 3 wird die Kongruenzrelation (eine euklidische Metrik) durch die gleichen Axiome wie im ersten Teil des Buches (aber ohne die Annahme uber die Beschranktheit der Eichkurve) zu der vollstandigen Inzidenzebene des ersten Kapitels (also unabhangig von der Anordnung) hinzugefugt. Im Teil 3. 3 wird gezeigt, dass dieses Axiomensystem fur die Ebenen mit einer un- geraden Charakteristik vollstandig ist, wobei das Axiom 3. 2 zwar etwas schwacher als im ersten Teil des Buches formuliert werden muss, indem die Existenz von zwei inkommensurablen Eichkurven gestattet wird. Der wesent- liche Teil des Beweises ist das Theorem 3. 7 von Segre (1954, 1955). Im Teil 3.