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Addresses various aspects of this field including the history, research conducted, various agents used for biobleaching and also present a merit-demerit analysis and scope of the subject. The authors seek to do their part to environmental safety as this book offers a comprehensive account of the use of nature's agents in decolourization, thereby, leaving a world with colour for generations ahead.

Providing a comprehensive overview of the structural and molecular biology of cellular processes that occur at or near bacterial membranes; this book points out the problems and experimental approaches. The book also serves as an important depository for state-of-the-art technologies, methods, theoretical simulations and innovative ideas and hypotheses for further research in the field.

Covers the principles and tools involved in animal cloning along with various animals that have been cloned and their potential in biotechnology. The book also includes various ethical issues associated with this field and summarizes the work done in cloning.

Presents the various principles and techniques used in the field of nanotechnology, their employment in the treatment, the diagnosis of diseases, and various challenges that need to be addressed.

Provides an overview of the food contaminant, aflatoxin, with adverse effects on human and animal health. Aflatoxins are one of the food contaminants of greatest concern in food safety. This text attempts to understand and manage the occurrence of human and animal exposure to aflatoxin.

Presents the history and research into the field of bionics along with various aspects of the products and technologies that use bionics and the scope of this field of research. Through this book, the editors hope to increase the interest and research in this field to open up vistas in research.

By analyzing the specifics of the patient and their disease, molecular diagnostics offers the prospect of personalized medicine. These tests are useful in a range of medical specialisms, including infectious disease, oncology, human leucocyte antigen typing, coagulation, and pharmacogenomics. This volume offers and introduction to this subject.

A practical guide to summarize the physical chemical and biological treatments used in various types of industries for abstracting the level of pollutants, quantitatively expressed as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and total dissolved solids (TDS), from the waste water stream.

Alcohol has become the social and cultural necessity in today's society, though its role as part of diet is controversial. The alcohol is formed as a by-product of biochemical conversion of yeast on the sugars or carbohydrates of fruits. A typical alcoholic fermentation involves conversion of sugars, the most common substrate of fermentation, to typically produced products like ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (H2). However, more exotic compounds can be produced by fermentation, which brings out the variation in the taste of the final product. The history of alcohol fermentation is as old as human civilization. Despite of being one of the most ancient fermentation processes known to mankind, alcohol fermentation is also one of the most diverse processes, bringing out variation in properties, taste, aroma and body of the product depending upon the changes in the fermentation process. The quantitative and qualitative effects of substrate concentration, yeast concentration, and nutrient supplementation directly effects the ethanol content, fermentation time, and ethanol productivity. Besides dietary contribution, alcohol from cellulosic substrate is now widely used as renewable energy source. This book is an effort to compile various studies of the alcohol fermentation process and the different substrates leading to differences in the final product.

Focuses on the importance of Algae biofuels. This text highlights the various tools and technique that are used in the process of extraction of biofuels from algae. It is divided into eight chapters which deal with the Algal biofuel source, extraction process, and their uses in the market.

Biotechnology has gained a lot of importance in a wide range of commercial processes and technologies recently including waste treatment and management, agriculture, pulp and paper industry, fermentation and brewing, pharmaceuticals, information technology, drug development and surfactant industry. This book focuses on various aspects of commercial biotechnology.

Presents the principles, techniques and applications of protein chromatography with case studies. Coverage includes column chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, gel-permeation chromatography, affinity chromatography, paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, dye-ligand chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

Introduces performance management by discussing the underlying theories, tracing the development of the concept from the period of scientific management and traditional methods of managing performance to the new methods that include management by objectives; results based management, strategic performance management and dynamic performance management.

E-entrepreneurship includes everything that a traditional business does, but in electronic form. This book discusses in detail the different aspects of E-entrepreneurship, what it takes and how it works. It also discusses the challenges faced by such businesses and the entrepreneurs who adopt the concept of ""E"".

Synthetic biology is a discipline that applies science and engineering disciplines together to design and build novel potential biological functions and systems. This book provides insight into significant developments in synthetic biology, and will guide students, scientists, and technology aficionados.

Pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing technique that involves sequencing by synthesis, and employs a series of enzymes to detect nucleic acid sequences during the synthesis and enables qualitative analysis of the DNA. This book discusses the basics of Pyrosequencing technology and its key features, including the general sequencing modes, limitations, and future applications.

Soil, sediment, and groundwater contamination has been a major problem at these polluted sites, which need urgent remediation to protect public health and the environment. This book provides the reader with the comprehensive view necessary to understand and critically evaluate the design, implementation, and monitoring of phytoremediation at sites characterized by contaminated groundwater.

Discusses how gene silencing methodology has been successfully applied as a therapeutic tool against metabolic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. This tool has also been successfully used to improve crop resistance against plant pathogens.

Reviews the current metabolic engineering tools and technologies from a practical point of view, and guides researchers as they overcome challenges at various stages of organism and bioprocess development. This book provides data-based scientific knowledge and state-of-art information on functional genomics and metabolic engineering intended for researchers and advanced students.

Explains the overall profile of energy resources, principles of renewable energy technologies, along with a demonstration of applications. The authors describe and explain the background and present profile of energy generation with special reference to the preservation of biodiversity and natural resources by following the principles of sustainable growth and conservation of the atmosphere.

Introduces the field of social psychology. Throughout the book, social psychology theories are presented within the context of the "real world". In every case, after presenting an explanation of social psychology theories, the authors use examples to enable students to assess the degrees to which these theories are applicable to the social problems we face today.

Investigates the outcomes of the global financial crisis that started in 2008 and whose impacts are still being felt. The book does not try to explain the beginnings of the emergency. Rather, it analyses the effect of the GFC on country states and their strategies and global monetary courses of action and public policy.

The most important thing in the discussion of the global governance system is how the world views the system. Do all the nations agree with this new world order? This book examines the global governance system, and includes proposals from different organisations and experts.

Examines the IO hypothesis and the utilization of this hypothesis to comprehend global relations. The book's objective is to comprehend the IO hypothesis and to utilize specific IOs illustratively, and to propose routes in which the hypotheses talked about can enable us to comprehend the part of IOs in global governmental issues.

Examines various aspects of terrorism, including an extensive historical overview and related issues. It provides a definition of global terrorism, historic roots of terrorism politics, ideologies and strategies of both contemporary and older terrorist groups, terrorism today, recent attacks, and trends in the global terrorism index over the last 10 years.

Integrates the latest studies related to PCR and its applications. Exploring an introduction to polymerase chain reaction, the application of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the rapid detection of pathogen in water samples and PCR methods for accurate and rapid screening of the genetically modified organisms in foods are presented.

Focusing on the Clifford algebra as a unified mathematical language of Physics; the advantages of using Clifford algebra formalism in many fields of Theoretical Physics are discussed and new mathematical results in the relatively new branch of the real Clifford Analysis are presented as well.

E- Governance is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the activities of public sector organisations. This volume discusses the use of e-governance in Korea, Australia, France, New Zealand, America, India and developing countries. The main focus is on the services that e-governance provides, how it has developed, and best practice.

It has been well established that the current methods of production, specifically of energy and various industrial processes, result in the emission of greenhouse gases that contribute to anthropogenic warming of the planet. This book contains studies on how to deal with climate change.

Enzymes are the biological molecules that accelerate the rates of chemical reactions in all living organisms. Similar to other catalysts, enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions without getting consumed during the reactions. All the enzymes are typified by having a high degree of specificity for their substrates and the chemical reactions they catalyze. Due to high specificity, enzymes do not produce nonessential by-products. The performance of an enzyme can be modulated by other molecules viz. activators and inhibitors. Critical parameters viz. temperature, pH and substrate concentration also play a vital role in enzyme activity. Enzymes, naturally occurring protein molecules, are produced by all living organisms. Enzymes have been exploited in many biotechnology industries to exhibit wide range of commercial applications. For many centuries, enzymes have been deployed without even understanding their complete mode of action and properties. The first industrial enzyme 'Taka-diastase' was produced in 1894. It is still used as an ingredient in medicines. In the present time, microorganisms are the most significant source for large scale industrial production of enzymes. Genetic engineering includes the tools to optimize microorganisms for the increased production of desired enzymes. Enzymes have extensive range of commercial applications. They have become an integral part of the industrial products. They are widely used in the medical field, improvement of environment, detergents, food industry, paper and pulp industry, textile industry, brewing industry and in scientific research. This book congregates the recent published works on commercially important enzymes. The aim is to help students and researchers in keeping abreast with the scientific developments in the field. The first two chapters discuss the broad view of enzymes and their industrial relevance. In chapters 3-5, medical applications of L-asparaginase, clostridial collagenase and hyaluronidase, respectively are discussed. The chapter 6 features the role of microbial enzymes in the bioremediation of pollutants. In chapters 7 and 8, the application of enzymes in the improvement of environment is described. Detergents industry is currently one of the largest application areas for enzymes. The role of enzymes in the detergents industry is described in chapters 9 and 10. Chapter 11 discusses the application of tannase in the clarification of grape juice. The effect of enzymes on pulp and paper industry is described in chapters 12 and 13. Potential application of the enzymes in the textile industry is discussed in the last two chapters of the book.