Bøker utgitt av Apple Academic Press Inc.

The book provides a wide introduction on history, minerology, geology, and the characteristics and application of different natural nanotubes. It is the first comprehensive book to discuss natural nanotubes, particularly halloysite nanotubes. The book will be useful mainly for postgraduate students and researchers working on the application of natural nanotubes. It will also be useful for those companies or researchers that focus on the design of materials and composites for sustainability.This book: - Provides updates on the diverse and expanding applications of natural mineral nanotubes (including halloysite, sepiolite, and palygorskite) in various industries, and polymer nanocomposites for medical, health, and environmental applications- Provides a comprehensive review of the modification and intercalation of different natural mineral nanotubes- Reviews recent studies of the mechanical properties of halloysite nanotubes- Provides an up-to-date background on the structure, identification, and nomenclature of various natural mineral nanotubes, including halloysite, palygorskite, sepiolite, chrysotile, and erionite- Gives comprehensive global information on the mineralogy, geology, and occurrence of natural mineral nanotubes- Discusses the current understanding of the health risks of natural mineral nanotubes

This collection presents a broad spectrum of chapters in the various branches of industrial chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science which demonstrate key developments in these rapidly changing fields. This book offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. The book serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors but also provides broad coverage of critical supporting topics. This new book: - Serves as a collection of chapters that highlights some important areas of current interest in industrial chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science- Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles- Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex materials- Familiarizes the reader with new aspects of the techniques used in the examination of polymers, including chemical, physicochemical, and purely physical methods of examination- Describes the types of techniques now available to the chemist and technician and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications

This volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced polyblends and their structures. It presents the developments of advanced polyblends and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. The book provides important original and theoretical experimental results that use non-routine methodologies often unfamiliar to many readers. Furthermore chapters on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems are included, which indicate the need for the new experimental approaches that are presented.Technical and technological development demands the creation of new materials that are stronger, more reliable, and more durable-materials with new properties. Up-to-date projects in creation of new materials go along the way of nanotechnology. With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in the identified areas. This book incorporates appropriate case studies, explanatory notes, and schematics for more clarity and better understanding. The book is designed as a textbook for postgraduate students, as a teaching support for the faculty, as a reference book for early research career beginners, and as a reference book for the scientific community at large for understanding the significance of modern materials and chemical engineering. This book will be useful for chemists, chemical engineers, technologists, and students interested in advanced nano-polymers with complex behavior and their applicationsThis new book: - Gives an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of polyblends and composites- Familiarizes the reader with new aspects of the techniques used in the examination of polymers, including chemical, physicochemical, and purely physical methods of examination- Describes the types of techniques now available to the polymer chemist and technician and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications- Provides a balance between materials science and mechanics aspects, basic and applied research, and high-technology and high-volume (low-cost) composite development

By providing an applied and modern approach, this volume will help readers understand the value and relevance of studying chemical physics and technology to all areas of applied chemical engineering, and gives them the depth of coverage they need to develop a solid understanding of the key principles in the field. Presenting a wide-ranging view of current developments in applied methodologies in chemical and biochemical physics research, the papers in this collection, all written by highly regarded experts in the field, examine various aspects of chemical and biochemical physics and experimentation.The book: - Highlights applications of chemical physics to subjects that chemical engineering students will see in graduate courses- Introduces the types of challenges and real problems that are encountered in industry and graduate research- Provides short chapters that introduce students to the subject in more bite-sized pieces- Presents biochemical examples and applications- Focuses on concepts above formal experimental techniques and theoretical methodsThe book is ideal for upper-level research students in chemistry, chemical engineering, and polymers. The book assumes a working knowledge of calculus, physics, and chemistry, but no prior knowledge of polymers.

This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the concepts, properties, and applications of classical materials. It also provides the first unified treatment for the broad subject of classical materials. The authors use a fundamental approach to define the structure and properties of a wide range of solids on the basis of the local chemical bonding and atomic order present in the material. Emphasizing the physical and chemical origins of different material properties, this important volume focuses on the most technologically important materials being utilized and developed by scientists and engineers.This new book: - Provides a collection of chapters that highlight some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes-Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles- Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex materials- Familiarizes the reader with new aspects of the techniques used in the examination of polymers, including chemical, physicochemical, and purely physical methods of examination- Describes the types of techniques now available to the chemist and technician and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applicationsThis book presents peer-reviewed chapters and survey articles on review, research, and development in the fields of classical materials. The wide coverage makes this book an excellent reference book for researchers and graduate students on the subject. The new topics covered in this book will be an excellent resource for industries and academic researchers as well.

This book presents selected papers on various aspects of rubber engineering, technology, and exploitation. The contributions range from new methods of the modification of filler surface and crosslinks structure of rubber vulcanizates, through modern functional elastomer composites, to aspects of their thermal stability, flammability, and ozone degradation. Each chapter contains a brief introduction to a particular topic, a description of the experimental techniques, and a discussion on the results obtained, followed by conclusions. The book will help to broaden the knowledge of researchers in the field of rubber compounding, crosslinking, and behavior under various exploitation conditions.The research and development presented in this book has potential for industrial applications as well as for new materials and technologies. The book also details theoretical background to a number of experimental techniques, which should make it interesting to research students and professionals.

This book covers many important aspects of applied research and evaluation methods in chemical engineering and materials science that are important in chemical technology and in the design of chemical and polymeric products. This book gives readers a deeper understanding of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at surfaces and interfaces. The link between interfacial behavior and the performance of products and chemical processes is important. Helping to fill the gap between theory and practice, this book explains the major concepts of new advances in high-performance materials and their applications. This new book: - Highlights some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes- Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles- Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex materials

This new volume presents leading-edge research in the rapidly changing and evolving field of polymer science as well as on chemical processing. The topics in the book reflect the diversity of research advances in the production and application of modern polymeric materials and related areas, focusing on the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymers. Also covered are various manufacturing techniques. The book helps to fill the gap between theory and practice in industry.The book introduces current state-of-the-art technology in modern materials with an emphasis on the rapidly growing technologies. It takes a unique approach by presenting specific materials and then progresses into a discussion of the ways in which these materials and processes are integrated into today's functioning manufacturing industry. Readers will also discover how material properties relate to the process variables in a given process as well as how to perform quantitative engineering analysis of manufacturing processes.

The large-scale production of chemicals to meet various societal needs has created environmental pollution, including pollution from byproducts and improper disposal of waste. With the world facing adverse consequences due to this pollution, green chemistry is increasingly being viewed as a means to address this concern. Since most organic syntheses require toxic solvents, more reaction time, and drastic conditions of temperature, conventional methods of organic synthesis are less preferred. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is considered to be a promising green chemical approach because it reduces reaction time from days or hours to minutes or even seconds, and has many other advantages. It helps reduce side reactions and increase yields, uses fewer solvents or is almost solvent-free, has solid supported reactions, and improves purity. This book's main focus is microwave-assisted organic synthesis processes, particularly various reactions such as cycloaddition, rearrangement, elimination, substitution, oxidation, reduction, condensation, coupling, polymerization, nanomaterials, synthesis of heterocycles, and industrial applications under microwave irradiation. The time is not far off when this methodology will virtually replace existing and cumbersome methods of organic synthesis.

This book covers a broad range of polymeric materials and provides industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive book summarizing all aspects involved in the functional materials production chain.This volume presents the latest developments and trends in advanced polymer materials and structures. It discusses the developments of advanced polymers and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. This book has an important role in advancing polymer materials in macro and nanoscale. Its aim is to provide original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine methodologies. It also includes chapters on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems that indicate the need for new experimental approaches.This new book: - Provides a collection of articles that highlight some important areas of current interest in key polymeric materials and technology- Gives an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of key polymeric materials and technology- Describes the types of techniques now available to the engineers and technicians and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications- Provides a balance between materials science and chemical aspects, basic and applied research- Focuses on topics with more advanced methods- Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details- Explains modification methods for changing of different materials properties

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This new volume on gene expression and epigenetics discusses environmental effects related to specific gene expression. The book also shows methods for bioinformatic analysis of the epigenome. The book is broken into two sections: the first looks at eukaryotic DNA methylation and the second addresses how to integrate genomic medicine into clinical practice.The book includes chapters on these topics: - Gene expression in colon cancer tissue- Epigenetics in human acute kidney injury- Embryologically relevant candidate genes in MRKH patients - DNA methylation in common skeletal disorders - Causal relationships in genomics- Predicting severe asthma exacerbations in children- Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders

Through advanced characterization and new fabrication techniques, the physics, chemistry, and structure of functional materials have become a central focus of investigation in materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering. This book presents a detailed overview of recent research developments on functional materials, including nanomaterials, synthesis, characterization, and applications. A series of chapters provides state-of-the-art information on structures and performance of polymer composites.This volume contains topical articles by prominent leaders in this field. The research presented discusses design principles, candidate materials and systems, and current advances, and serves as a useful source of insight into this field. This book provides a strong understanding of the primary types of materials and composites, as well as the relationships that exist between the structural elements of materials and their properties. The relationships among processing, structure, properties, and performance components are explored throughout the chapters.

This book covers a variety of recent research on natural polymers, biomaterials, composites, and their applications. It provides valuable insights into the developments that arose with the merger between biological and polymeric materials that have led to many technological and commercial developments. The extensive research being conducted in the field of bio-based polymers will eventually lead to better health care, cleaner energy sources, and a safer environment for future generations. This book covers topics such as synthesis of novel biomaterials for application in varied fields, such as medicine, wastewater treatment, and polymer composites. It includes the most up-to-date research articles in the field of natural polymers and biomaterials reviewed by the competent researchers in the field.This book is intended for researchers in the fields of materials science, polymer chemistry, and applied biology.

This book facilitates the study of problematic chemicals in such applications as chemical fate modeling, chemical process design, and experimental design. This volume provides comprehensive coverage of modern biochemical engineering, detailing the basic concepts underlying the behavior of bioprocesses as well as advances in bioprocess and biochemical engineering science. It combines contemporary engineering science with relevant biological concepts in a comprehensive introduction to biochemical engineering.This book provides both a rigorous view and a more practical, understandable view of chemical compounds and biochemical engineering and their applications. Every section of the book has been expanded where relevant to take account of significant new discoveries and realizations of the importance of key concepts. Furthermore, emphases are placed on the underlying fundamentals and on acquisition of a broad and comprehensive grasp of the field as a whole.

Keeping in mind the advantages of bio-based materials, this book focuses on the potential efficacy of different biocomposites procured from diverse natural resources and the preparation and processing of the biocomposites to be used for a variety of applications. Each chapter gives an overview on a particular biocomposite material and its processing and successful utilization for selected applications. The chapters summarize recently developed research on such topics as: - Spider silk biocomposites- Biogenic hydroxyapatite-based implant biocomposites- Liquid crystals and cellulose derivatives biocomposites- Bio-based epoxy resins- Bio-based polyphenols and lignocellulosic fibers- Wood-based biocomposites- Flame retardant biocomposites- Biocomposites for industrial noise control- Cellulose-based bionanocomposites Each individual chapter also focuses on the knowledge and understanding of the interfaces manifested in these biocomposites systems and the optimization of different parameters for novel properties. In addition to this, the book also summarizes the recent developments made in the area of injection molding of biocomposites, chemical functionalization of natural fibers, processing of biocomposites, and their applications in the automotive and biomedical industries. A number of critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, underscoring the roles of researchers for the efficient development of biocomposite materials through value addition to enhance their use.

This book focuses mainly on the recent developments of all types of theoretical, mathematical, and computational conceptions, as well as modelling and simulation of specific research themes covering all scientific and technical disciplines from chemistry, physics, and engineering to biology and medicine. The book contains timely reviews and research covering fundamental and applied research aspects in all disciplines of natural sciences, including their historical representations and philosophical perspectives. The book discusses the fact that the largest and smallest values of the fukui function and local softness do not necessarily correspond to the softness and hardness regions of the molecules such as porphyrins. The authors have adopted two popular calculation procedures for this venture. One is the very old Hückel molecular orbital calculation, and the other is one of best semi-empirical AM-1 procedures for such systems. Our finding is that neither the fukui functions nor the local softnesses can predict the preferred donor sites of porphyrins toward metal ions.

With contributions from experts from both the industry and academia, this book presents the latest developments in polymer products and chemical processes. It incorporates appropriate case studies, explanatory notes, and schematics for more clarity and better understanding.This new book: - Features a collection of articles that highlight some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes- Gives an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of polymer chemistry- Familiarizes readers with new aspects of the techniques used in the examination of polymers, including chemical, physicochemical, and purely physical methods of examination- Describes the types of techniques now available to the polymer chemist and technician, and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications- Provides a balance between materials science and mechanics aspects, basic and applied research, and high-technology and high-volume (low-cost) composite development

This valuable book, the third volume in the Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation series, focuses on sustainable micro irrigation management for trees and vines. It covers the principles as well as recent advances and applications of micro irrigation techniques. Specialists throughout the world share their expertise on: - Automation of micro irrigation systems- Service and maintenance of micro irrigation systems- Evaluation of micro irrigation systems- Scheduling of irrigation- Using municipal wastewater for micro irrigation- Micro-jet irrigation and other systems- The effect of potassium, acid lime, and other elements

This new book, Sustainable Practices in Surface and Subsurface Micro Irrigation, offers a vast amount of knowledge and techniques necessary to develop and manage a drip/trickle or micro irrigation system. The information covered has worldwide applicability to irrigation management in agriculture. Focusing on both subsurface and surface micro irrigation, chapters in the book cover a variety of new research and information on: - Irrigation water requirements for tanier, vegetables, bananas, plantains, beans, and papaya- Irrigating different types of soils, including sandy soils, wet soils, and mollisols- New applications for micro irrigation using existing technology, such as meteorological instruments and MicroCAD- Meteorological instruments for water management

This important volume highlights the latest developments and trends in chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. The book provides original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine met

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.The book introduces bioinformatic and statistical methodology and shows approaches to bias correction and error estimation. It also presents quantitative methods for genome and proteome analysis.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) refers to a set of technologies and methods for the mitigation, remediation, and storage of industrial CO2 emissions, the most imminent and virile of the greenhouse gases (GHG). The book addresses the methods and technologies currently being applied, developed, and most in need of further research.The book: - Discusses methods of carbon capture in industrial settings - Presents biological and geological approaches to carbon sequestration - Introduces ionic liquids as a method of carbon capture - Introduces new approaches to capturing CO2 from ambient air

The purpose of this book is to discuss several medicinal plants to find wider application in the domain of medicinal, clinical, and pharmaceutical treatment. Recent Advances in Plant-Based, Traditional, and Natural Medicines serves as a useful source of ideas and an inspiration for further cell and molecular biology research toward developing drugs and treatments from these traditional and plant-based remedies.The book covers a variety of topics and: - Considers the current state of research of traditional and plant-based medicines- Covers the current status of ethnomedicine and medicinal plant discovery- Presents the clinical applications of traditional and plant-based medicines

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This important book presents a selection of new research on wind turbine technology, including aerodynamics, generators and gear systems, towers and foundations, control systems, and environmental issues.

This new book, Principles and Practices of Sustainable Micro Irrigation, is the first in the new series on micro irrigation, which offers a vast amount of knowledge and techniques necessary to develop and manage a drip/trickle or micro irrigation system. Written by experienced scientists from various parts of the world, the chapters in this book offer basic principles, knowledge, and techniques of micro irrigation management, which are essential in designing, developing, and evaluating an agricultural irrigation management system. The methods and techniques have worldwide applicability to irrigation management in agriculture. The book includes coverage of many important topics in the field, including: - An historical review of micro irrigation - The current global status of the field and its potential - Basic principles and applications - New research on chemigation and fertigation - Technologies for specific crops, such as sugar cane - Irrigation software for micro irrigation design - Affordable and low-cost micro irrigation solutions for small farms and farms in developing countries - Micro irrigation design using Hydrocalc software This book is a must for those interested in irrigation planning and management, namely, researchers, scientists, educators, and students.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.This book examines conserved pathways mediating cell cycle progression and cell polarity establishment. It includes examples of yeast, regulatory circuits, and feedback regulation, with emphasis on system-wide approaches. It also covers protein interaction networks and trait l

This book covers a selection of recent research studies and new developments in physics and chemistry in micro and nanoscale materials. It brings together research contributions from eminent experts in the field from both academic and industry, providing the latest developments in advanced materials chemical domains.

With contributions from leading scientists in agricultural biology and young researchers, this book examines the ecological consequences that sometimes arise with various methods of increasing crop productivity. It also presents agroecological approaches to crop improvement and productivity from several perspectives, examines alternative energy

This contemporary book covers significant new knowledge that has emerged during the last two decades and, thus, provides novel antibody phylogenetic perspectives relevant to development of new antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines. It fills a much-needed niche in the area of immunoglobulin genetics across species from a comparative perspective. New insights and perspectives from immunoglobulin genetics from species such as sea lamprey, cattle, marsupial, bat, rat, rabbit, and swine-other species than the traditional subjects of mice and humans-are relevant to antibody design and engineering. These new perspectives find direct application in the cutting-edge areas of antibody design, engineering and therapeutics, antibody-drug conjugates, and novel antibody-based vaccines. This book fills the need to provide updated knowledge of this newly exploded area that is finding applications in new drug development. No other competing books on the topic are available in the market. The book will be of great interest to immunologists, immunology researchers, immunogeneticists, researchers in pharmaceutical science, those involved in the infectious disease and antibody therapeutics areas, and many others.