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Globalization and regionalism are two theories in International Relations which are now abuzz. These two terms have impacted the East African Community as a regional integration unit within the African continent. Originally, the EAC only had three member nations and they encountered political turbulence, which disrupted its cohesion in the 1960s and 1970s. The Mediation Agreement gave it a lifeline. Upon its revival, globalization and regionalism implicitly and explicitly became the guiding factors which guided and still guide the ¿new¿ EAC. It now has an expanded membership of seven neighboring nations. The EAC is one of the fastest growing sub-regional economic integration units in Africa and in the world. The analysis extrapolates how globalization and regionalism have impacted the globe and corroborates some factors with what is happening in the EAC sub- region in recent times.

This collective monograph contains the results of theoretical, methodological and applied research of representatives of the scientific community of the Omsk branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and the Omsk State Pedagogical University on various management issues in the state and municipal sectors of the economy. A distinctive feature of the monograph is an attempt to assess the conditions and mechanisms for the functioning of key institutions of state and municipal government: public service, state support of small business entities, territorial public self-government, regional economy and management, etc.

This book looks into the sexual assault of irregular/illegal immigrant women and girls throughout their arrival to the European Union borders and borderlands between the period of 2011 and 2018, through an Intersectional lens. It intends to analyze this sensitive human rights issue through grasping the cultural obstacles and procedures at European borders which have fueled the violation of this fragile migrant group¿s human rights, while also supporting this argument with academic research, statistical data and reports on irregular migration from international and regional organizations, security mechanisms at borders, and statistics on sexual abuse and exploitation during the aforementioned period. It intends to explore the manner in which several factors and developments at European borders and in the borderlands have resulted in a more dangerous migration journey for these women and girls, as well as the manner in which these developments further perpetuate the likelihood of sexual violence of migrants, and female migrants in particular. This book aims to comprehend the linkages between academic research and the supporting statistical information through the lens of Intersectionality Theory ¿ a theory which will allow for the issue to be tackled across its different layers and across all the intersections and overlaps these layers create. This book highlights multiple instances of sexual violence throughout the journey, and upon arrival of these migrant women and girls to the European borders and borderlands, and subsequently emphasizes that these events further perpetuate the vulnerability to sexual assault for irregular migrant women due to the very ¿illegal¿ nature of their journeys.Through this lens, this process is examined across: power dynamics, security, legal status, and gender. Through examining these realities and power systems, it becomes evident that this particularly vulnerable group of women and girls from developing countries escaping war, economic burdens and conflict, are ostracized and subordinated in a number of interconnected patterns. This book highlights a need for more gender-sensitive policies because the group of women in question has close to no viable resource for justice within a system that currently acts against them and views them as criminal or ¿illegal¿.

In the age of iDeology ¿ in which individual access and participation to technology is about to replace the rich texture of religion, culture, tradition and political convictions ¿ the social impact of media discourse only magnifies. This volume is an attempt to explore the influence of ever-available communication content on the minds and behavior of a population that has made the permanent and often obsessive use of communication technology a defining element of social orientation. Unlike the many accounts that focus on the remarkably redefined patterns in the context of Western society ¿ ranging from twittering Presidents to the emerging populist movements all over Europe ¿ this volume portrays the situation from the frequently neglected perspective of the global periphery. As opposed to simply transfer and measure perspectives taken from a Western point of view, the clear intention of this volume is to provide ample space for the sincere and explorative consideration of local characteristics and settings of the different social, cultural and political contexts and therefore contribute to providing the ground for future research.

In most Islamic societies, freedom of religion or belief is not a reality for religious minorities. Indonesia, home of the biggest Muslim population in the world, is a positive exception in this regard. The country was always a role model for the peaceful co-existence of diverse religious and cultural traditions, but in recent years, Islamic fundamentalist groups challenge the country¿s tolerant and pluralistic identity. This book inquires the development of freedom of religion or belief from a political, legal and religious perspective. It analyzes the laws and mechanisms that protect the rights of minorities and traces the role of the country¿s most important Islamic organizations and the influence they have on national policy-making. It finally points out possible future developments and how the government can counter the threat of militant Islamism and preserve Indonesiäs tolerant traditions.

The first sign of facial beauty was displayed in Egyptian civilization art works as they started to understand the divine or golden proportion that was known as a golden ratio which could be defined as the ratio that considered to be the most aesthetically pleasing to the human¿s eye and the base of countless mysteries over centuries. In the past, the cephalometic analysis represented an important tool in planning an orthodontic treatment, but today, the focus is mainly on the facial soft tissue and the dental assessment by using photographs. Despite most of the orthodontists are focused primarily on the occlusal discrepancies and mal-relations when discussing the needs of orthodontic treatment with the patients, and the patients and parents are focused mainly on the appearance, the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning should have a broader extent, include the occlusion, tooth shape and appearance of the face to have both excellent occlusion and excellent aesthetics, although this is quite difficult, but it is the goal that all orthodontists should pursue. This book represents a master thesis in orthodontics from the College of Dentistry-University of Baghdad/Iraq. The uniqueness of this work comes from that it is the first one that analyses the micro-aesthetic appearance to establish normative values for the Iraqi population and find out whether there is a correlation between apparent mesiodistal measurements of maxillary anterior teeth and facial measurements by an indirect method of measurement, using photographs in a sample of Iraqi population.

As more and more startup companies are founded every year worldwide, building up one's own business does not get easier. Since 9 out of 10 startups fail, future entrepreneurs are well advised to take a look at potential reasons for failure and success. Learning from others' mistakes and studying success stories can improve their own performance and help to avoid critical errors. The academic paper at hand will provide valuable insights for entrepreneurs. It not only states the most important terms concerning startups but also lists the most important factors for a startup company's success, according to literature review. Delineating both internal and external factors, this thesis not only delivers a synoptic view of potential challenges inside a startup as well as in its ecosystem, but also juxtaposes these influences in opposition. The second part of this paper analyzes a series of interviews with twelve startup founders from three different regions (the province of North-Rhine Westphalia in Germany, Budapest in Hungary and the state of California in the US). Their views and experiences will be summarized and put into the context of their respective startup ecosystem.

This book on "e;Human Diseases"e; is written with a view to meet curricular requirements of students at undergraduate and post graduate levels of Indian Universities. Diseases are illnesses impairing the normal physiological functioning of living organisms. The causative agents are virus, bacteria, protozoans, helminthes and others. The diseases chosen for this book are: measles, smallpox, chickenpox, AIDS, Ebola, Dengue, cholera, leprosy, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria, amoebiasis, Diarrhoea, Filariasis, Cancer and Jaundice. The text describes causative agents, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, epidemiology and history of all 16 diseases. A table containing these factors has also been included for the convenience of readers to have an immediate idea about these human diseases.

This research explores observed, simulated, and projected extreme climate indices from a selection of different GCMs from CMIP5 ensemble for Pakistan at province level. The extreme indices for observed, simulated and projected climate are found and analysed on provincial basis over the country. Pakistan has been facing shortages in both the power and water sector which are the lifelines of the country. Significant increases in the maximum and minimum temperatures over the country may affect such sectors drastically. Considerable increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, coupled with erratic monsoon rains may cause frequent and intense floods and droughts in the region. Rising temperatures resulting in enhanced heat and water-stressed conditions, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, may lead to reduced agricultural productivity. This report shall bring added value to all stakeholders and policy makers in determining the hazards that extreme climate has brought in the past and may bring in the near future.

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) signed prior to the 21st century are problematic. Some countries with BITs signed during this period have since reviewed those BITs and taken action to address the disadvantages the BITs held for the host nation or have either resorted to eradicating some of their BITs. In particular, developing countries that signed BITs with developed nations seem to be disproportionately disadvantaged in these agreements. This research highlights Kenya's current BIT situation and compares it in light of another developing country, South Africa, with regards to its BIT experience. Given that South Africa has undergone an extensive BIT review process and moves to change some of these BITs, this study compares and contrasts the Kenyan and South African experience. The study highlights the possible lessons that could be learnt from the South African BIT review experience and provides recommendations for the Kenyan government regarding its outdated BITs. The lessons and recommendations benefit not only Kenya but also other countries that are still to review their BITs as it adds to the literature on why it is important for countries with such BITs to revisit them and how they can go about the review mechanism best. In addition, the study is also significant as far as it raises awareness of the use and effects of BITs, thereby enabling countries that enter into such agreements to make informed decisions.

This study is a presentation of Zimbabwean refugee learner experiences. Children escaped political persecution and economic problems which affected Zimbabwe in the year 2008. Many of these children were abused and witnessed traumatic experiences, their close relatives and neighbours being executed in cold blood. This study was guided by three critical questions: i) who are the Zimbabwean refugee learners? ii) what were Zimbabwean refugee learners' migration experiences? and iii) what were Zimbabwean refugee learners' school experiences?The study employed Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological Model as its overarching theoretical framework. Each stage of the refugee experience was described at each point in time.

Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart diseases and the leading cause of death worldwide due to heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of cholesterol and other material at the inner wall of the artery. Limitation of blood flow to the heart causes ischemia of the myocardial cells. Myocardial cells may die from lack of oxygen and this is called a myocardial infarction - or more commonly: a heart attack. Treatment options include medication, surgery or catheter-based procedures. Several types of catheter-based procedures are available. During balloon angioplasty, a special balloon catheter is passed into the narrowed segment of the artery and expands the balloon, which thus opens the artery and compresses the blockage against the wall of the artery. Stents are very small metal mesh-tubes that can be inserted via a balloon catheter into the narrowed segment of the artery. When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands and is embedded into the artery vessel wall, which thus opens the previously narrowed segment of artery. The balloon is then deflated and removed along with the catheter, and the stent is left behind to serve as a metal framework for the artery. In case of drug eluting stents a certain amount of anti-flammating drug is loaded in the coating over the base stent. This drug is released at the wall of diseased artery so that restenosis cannot take place at the place of artery where the stent has been implanted. In this thesis a drug eluting stent was studied where there was a biodegradable coating over a bare metal stent in which there was some amount of therapeutic drug. The degradation of the biodegradable coating layer thickness was determined with respect to time which was actually representing the remaining drug concentration in the coating layer. Then using this variable drug concentration as the drug concentration at initial tissue layer concentration profile of drug in tissue layer with respect to time and position was determined using finite volume algorithm, where this algorithm was coded using MATLAB programming language.

The definition of quality education depends upon the subject's perspective. For example, for the students it may stand for the facilities provided to them; for parents it may be the learning outcomes; for teachers it may be the improvement of teaching learning processes; for prospective employers it may be the nature of the output. Secondary education takes a vital part in the formation of active citizens and also plays a critical role in addressing the emerging human development concerns in countries engaged in building knowledge societies to stay connected to the process of globalization. The role of secondary education in the growth of a nation is paramount and significant, more particularly in developing countries. Secondary education is the single largest supplier of labour force in most of the developing countries, including India. In view of the relation between education and economic growth in a less developed state like India, it is not the highly sophisticated manpower but the middle level (secondary) manpower that is necessary for enhancing the economic growth. This study deals with secondary education in Tripura, India. Academicians, researchers and students who are interested in studying secondary education in general and secondary education of Tripura in particular are the target group of this book which will surely help them to understand the problem of quality secondary education in India.

Topological insulator is one of the hottest research topics in solid state physics. This is the first book to describe the vibrational spectroscopies and electrical transport of topological insulator Bi2Se3, one of the most exciting areas of research in condensed matter physics. In particular, attempts have been made to summarize and develop the various theories and new experimental techniques developed over years from the studies of Raman scattering, infrared spectroscopy and electrical transport of topological insulator Bi2Se3. It is intended for material and physics researchers and graduate students doing research in the field of optical and electrical properties of topological insulators, providing them the physical understanding and mathematical tools needed to engage research in this quickly growing field. Some key topics in the emerging field of topological insulators are introduced.

The present study is based on a MA thesis submitted to the council of College of Education, Ibn Rushd, University of Baghdad, Iraq in 1989 for the degree of master of Arts in English Language and Linguistics. It describes the syntactic and semantic aspects of adverbial clauses and phrases of reason through which the English language mainly expresses the idea of causality. Furthermore, it presents the general points of causality as a philosophical context. A short review of the traditional treatment of causality is given at first, followed by the transformational treatment. It derives some rules that transform kernel sentences into adverbial clauses and, if possible, phrases of reason having the same meaning and embed them within a matrix sentence.