Bøker av Xenophon

This book features selected writings from Xenophon's Hellenica. With an introduction, notes, and appendices by Carleton Lewis Brownson, readers are provided with additional context and insights into the historical significance of the work.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

The Economist' is a treatise written by ancient Greek philosopher and historian Xenophon. The book discusses the principles of household management and how they can be applied to managing the state. Xenophon explains that a good manager must have virtues such as honesty, hard work, and good judgment to be successful in their endeavors. Through a dialogue between Socrates and a young man named Critobulus, Xenophon highlights the importance of education and practical knowledge in managing a household. He also discusses the role of women in household management and suggests that they should be educated to be effective managers. 'The Economist' provides valuable insights into ancient Greek society and their ideas about economics, politics, and education. It is a fascinating read for anyone interested in ancient philosophy and the origins of economic thought.

Xenophon's "Hellenica" is a historical account of the events in Greece and the Greek world from 411 BC to 362 BC. It begins with the fall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War and covers the rise of Sparta, the war with Persia, and the power struggles among the Greek city-states. The first four books of the "Hellenica" cover the period of the Peloponnesian War and the subsequent peace negotiations. The remaining books cover the rise of Spartan power and the decline of Athens, as well as the battles fought between various Greek city-states. Throughout the work, Xenophon presents a pro-Spartan viewpoint, portraying them as the defenders of Greek culture and civilization. He also emphasizes the importance of piety, obedience to the law, and the virtues of the Greek city-state system. Overall, "Hellenica" provides a valuable historical account of the turbulent period of Greek history in the fourth century BC, with insights into the political, social, and cultural factors that shaped the ancient Greek world.

Xenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates. He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354 B.C. The Economist records Socrates and Critobulus in a talk about profitable estate management, and a lengthy recollection by Socrates of Ischomachus' discussion of the same topic. INTERLOCUTORS Socrates and Critobulus At Chapter VII. a prior discussion held between Socrates and Ischomachus is introduced: On the life of a "beautiful and good" man. In these chapters (vii.-xxi.) Socrates is represented by the author as repeating for the benefit of Critobulus and the rest certain conversations which he had once held with the beautiful and good Ischomachus on the essentials of economy. It was a tete-a-tete discussion, and in the original Greek the remarks of the two speakers are denoted by such phrases as {ephe o 'Iskhomakhos-ephen egio}-"said (he) Ischomachus," "said I." (Socrates) To save the repetition of expressions tedious in English, I have, whenever it seemed help to do so, ventured to throw parts of the reported conversations into dramatic form, inserting "Isch." "Soc." in the customary way to designate the speakers; but these, it must be borne in mind, are merely "asides" to the reader, who will not forget that Socrates is the narrator throughout-speaking of himself as "I," and of Ischomachus as "he," or by his name.

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The most well-known writer of the professional soldier and author from Ancient Greece named Xenophon's Anabasis. It describes the journey of a sizable army of Greek mercenaries sent by Cyrus the Younger to assist him in removing his brother Artaxerxes II from the throne of Persia in 401 BC. The Anabasis, which consists of seven books, was written around 370 BC. The title Anabasis is translated as The March Up Country or as The March of the Ten Thousand even though the Ancient Greek word "v" signifies "embarkation," "ascent," or "mounting up." The best-known of Xenophon's works, and one of the great adventures in human history," is the account of the army's travels across Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Because of its straightforward prose form and relatively pure Attic dialect, Anabasis is typically one of the first unabridged texts read by students of classical Greek. This is similar to Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico for Latin students. They are both third-person autobiographical stories of military adventure, which may not be a coincidence. Xenophon traveled with the Ten Thousand, a sizable force of Greek mercenaries that Cyrus the Younger had hired in order to assassinate his brother Artaxerxes II from the throne of Persia.

Anabasis (an "expedition up from") is the most famous work of the Ancient Greek professional soldier and writer Xenophon. It narrates the expedition of a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger to help him seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II, in 401 BC. The seven books making up the Anabasis were composed circa 370 BC. Though as an Ancient Greek vocabulary word, ᾰ̓νᾰ́βᾰσῐς means "embarkation", "ascent" or "mounting up", the title Anabasis is rendered in translation as The March Up Country or as The March of the Ten Thousand. The narration of the army's journey across Asia Minor and Mesopotamia is Xenophon's best known work, and "one of the great adventures in human history". Xenophon, in his Hellenica, did not cover the retreat of Cyrus but instead referred the reader to the Anabasis by "Themistogenes of Syracuse"-the tenth-century Suda also describes Anabasis as being the work of Themistogenes, "preserved among the works of Xenophon", in the entry Θεμιστογένεης. (Θεμιστογένης, Συρακούσιος, ἱστορικός. Κύρου ἀνάβασιν, ἥτις ἐν τοῖς Ξενοφῶντος φέρεται καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πατρίδος. J.S. Watson in his Remarks on the Authorship of Anabasis refers to the various interpretations of the word "φέρεται", which give rise to different interpretations and different problems.) Aside from these two references, there is no authority for there being a contemporary Anabasis written by "Themistogenes of Syracuse", and indeed no mention of such a person in any other context. The Greek term anabasis referred to an expedition from a coastline into the interior of a country. While the journey of Cyrus is an anabasis from Ionia on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea, to the interior of Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, most of Xenophon's narrative is taken up with the return march of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand, from the interior of Babylon to the coast of the Black Sea. Socrates makes a cameo appearance, when Xenophon asks whether he ought to accompany the expedition. The short episode demonstrates the reverence of Socrates for the Oracle of Delphi. Xenophon's account of the exploit resounded through Greece, where, two generations later, some surmise, it may have inspired Philip of Macedon to believe that a lean and disciplined Hellene army might be relied upon to defeat a Persian army many times its size. Besides military history, the Anabasis has found use as a tool for the teaching of classical philosophy; the principles of statesmanship and politics exhibited by the army can be seen as exemplifying Socratic philosophy. (wikipedia.org)