Bøker av Stephane Thion

In August 1644, Turenne and Grand Condé battled the shrewd Bavarian Mercy in grueling fights at Freiburg, revealing wartime challenges.Early August 1644 saw the two greatest French men-of-war of the mid-seventeenth century, Turenne and the future Grand Condé, attempt to dislodge the Bavarian general Franz von Mercy from the heights of Freiburg in the Black Forest. In the twilight of the Thirty Years' War, there was probably no better opponent for these two geniuses than Mercy, who had the astonishing ability to anticipate his enemies' plans. Against such a general, it would take no less than Enghien and Turenne. The battles of 3 and 5 August were among the most difficult that the two men would face throughout their careers: their carefully prepared plans were thwarted by the shrewdness of their opponents and some unfortunate initiatives on the part of their subordinates. The battles were so deadly that they brought Mazarin to tears. On learning of what could be considered a victory, the Cardinal is said to have stated that France would have been lost if it had won many similar victories.The days of Freiburg were the setting for some fascinating actions in which doggedness gave way only to courage. Thanks to numerous contemporary accounts, the reader is immersed in the heart of the two battles that enabled the French, despite being held at bay, to keep the Bavarians away from the right bank of the Rhine. The context of the campaign, the character of the three protagonists, the phases of the various battles, the armies involved and the lessons learned are all analysed in detail.

A newly revised edition on the construction of one of the first standing armies in the 17th century.French Armies of the Thirty Years' War presents the development of the French Army, one of the first standing armies in Europe, from 1617 to 1648. It shows how Louis XIII and Richelieu exploited the complex legacy of the Wars of Religion to the benefit of both the Crown and the Country.The Three Musketeers, Cyrano de Bergerac, Louis XIII, Richelieu, Condé, Turenne, La Rochelle, Rocroi...these few words sum up the literary and historical representations most people will associate with the tumultuous events in France during the first half of the seventeenth century.French Armies of the Thirty Years' War begins in 1617, the year that Louis XIII really took power, by distancing the Queen Mother and ordering the assassination of Concini, and ends in 1648 - five years after the death of Louis XIII, and the year of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia. This period in France was almost completely dominated by the personality and activities of Richelieu, who entered the King's council in April 1624. He gave the King an ambition: 'to procure the ruin of the Huguenot party, humble the pride of the great, reduce all subjects to their duty, and elevate your majesty's name among foreign nations to its rightful reputation.' By Richelieu's death, on 4 December 1642, this program had been accomplished.The first military action of this period, in August 1620, known as the Drôlerie des Ponts de Cé, was an uprising of the nobility who supported the Queen Mother against the King. The rebels were roundly defeated by the King's armies, but very few units actually fought. In his memoirs, Richelieu, who was on the Queen's side at the time, gives a detailed analysis of this defeat. In particular, he drew from it the principles that he was to follow throughout his life, and he realized: 'that which is held only by a precarious authority does not last long; that those who fight against a legitimate power are already half-defeated by their own imagination.' These political beliefs gave Louis XIII and Richelieu a powerful instrument that was to emerge transformed from the Thirty Years' War.The Army that Marie de Medici left to Henri IV's heir was small and inexperienced, but the Wars of Religion at the beginning of Louis XIII's reign, combined with Richelieu's actions, gave the French Crown an increasingly efficient army. Commanded by great captains such as the Duc de Rohan, the Viscomte de Turenne and the Prince of Condé, the army was highly successful, as shown by the long list of French victories, from the Île de Ré (1626) to Lens (1648) amply demonstrate.