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Contained here in this volume are two of the most influential works of philosophy ever written, Descartes' "Discourse on Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy." First published in 1637, "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking for Truth in the Sciences," as it is more fully known, is a foundational work of modern philosophy which is noted for being one of the first to apply the scientific method to the discipline. Descartes approaches the subject of skepticism in philosophy by throwing away all preconceived notions of reality and building up from a base of truths he found to be incontrovertible. It is from this work that we find one of Descartes' most famous quotations "I think, therefore I am." This phrase alone probably best exemplifies what Descartes believed to be an incontrovertible truth. First published in 1641, "Meditations on First Philosophy" follows upon his earlier work by applying his method to a philosophical examination of the existence of God and the immortality of the soul. While the philosophical conclusions arrived at by Descartes' work have met with criticism, his profound influence ultimately lies with his insistence on questioning everything. This edition is printed on premium acid-free paper, follows the translation of Elizabeth S. Haldane, and includes an introduction by A. D. Lindsay.

Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences (French: Discours de la Méthode Pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences) is a philosophical and autobiographical treatise published by René Descartes in 1637. It is best known as the source of the famous quotation 'Je pense, donc je suis' (English: 'I think, therefore I am', or 'I am thinking, therefore I exist'), which occurs in Part IV of the work. The similar Latin statement, Cogito, ergo sum, is found in Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) and Principles of Philosophy (1644). Discourse on the Method is one of the most influential works in the history of modern philosophy, and important to the development of natural sciences. In this work, Descartes tackles the problem of skepticism, which had previously been studied by Sextus Empiricus, Al-Ghazali and Michel de Montaigne. Descartes modified it to account for a truth he found to be incontrovertible. Descartes started his line of reasoning by doubting everything, so as to assess the world from a fresh perspective, clear of any preconceived notions.The book was originally published in Leiden, in the Netherlands. Later, it was translated into Latin and published in 1656 in Amsterdam. The book was intended as an introduction to three works: Dioptrique, Météores and Géométrie. La Géométrie contains Descartes's initial concepts that later developed into the Cartesian coordinate system. The text was written and published in French rather than the language in which philosophical and scientific texts were most frequently written and published in at the time, namely, Latin. Most of Descartes' other works were written in Latin.Together with Meditations on First Philosophy, Principles of Philosophy and Rules for the Direction of the Mind, it forms the base of the epistemology known as Cartesianism. The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, the knowledge of which is competent to man, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. This treatise on the value of doubt and skepticism when studying the natural world laid the foundation for the modern scientific method as we still employ it today, as well as the basis for modern philosophy. Written in French and first published in 1637 under the full title Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences, it is here presented in the 1901 edition of the 1850 English translation by Scottish poet, philosopher, and historian JOHN VEITCH (1829-1894).

El Discurso del método para dirigir bien la razón y buscar la verdad en las ciencias (tal es su título completo) no es solamente la obra fundamental del filósofo francés René Descartes; ha sido juzgada además como el hito que marca el final de la escolástica y el inicio de la filosofía moderna. El Discurso del método fue publicado anónimamente por primera vez en Leiden en 1637; en aquella primera edición venía a ser el prólogo de los tres tratados científicos contenidos en el libro (La dióptrica, Los meteoros y La geometría), y, de hecho, no se publicó de forma independiente de los tratados hasta el siglo XIX. El Discurso del método consta de un breve prefacio y seis partes. La primera parte se ocupa de la ciencia de su tiempo; hay que observar que, pese a ser una obra filosófica, no carece de elementos autobiográficos, y precisamente en esta primera parte Descartes constata la decepción que le causaron, en general, sus estudios en el colegio de los jesuitas de La Flèche, a excepción de las enseñanzas matemáticas. Para Descartes, ninguna de las materias que se estudiaban en su tiempo se interesaba en la búsqueda de la verdad. O eran un pasatiempo placentero, como la literatura o la retórica, o bien tenían un fin práctico, como las disciplinas técnicas. Y las diversas filosofías, contradiciéndose unas a otras, mostraban no haber llegado a su objetivo. Sólo las matemáticas, gracias al rigor de su método, presentaban absoluta certeza.

Der Briefwechsel zwischen René Descartes (1596¿1650) und Elisabeth von der Pfalz (1618¿1680) gehört zu den eindrücklichsten philosophischen Dokumenten der Frühen Neuzeit. Die rund 60 erhaltenen Briefe, welche die junge Prinzessin und der berühmte französische Philosoph von Mai 1643 bis Dezember 1649 austauschen, zeigen auf engstem Raum die wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen und gedanklichen Umbrüche im Europa des 17. Jahrhunderts.In Elisabeth von der Pfalz findet Descartes eine äußerst gelehrte Briefpartnerin. Ihre scharfsinnigen und kritischen Fragen spornen ihn an, seine philosophischen Positionen zu vertiefen und in neue Wissensgebiete vorzustoßen. So gibt er nicht nur zu, einige Aspekte seiner Philosophie bisher ungenügend erklärt zu haben, sondern legt sie in den Briefen zum ersten Mal detailliert dar: die Vereinigung von Geist und Körper, die Natur der Leidenschaften sowie die Bestimmung des höchsten Gutes oder der gerechten Regentschaft. Angeregt durch den Wissensdrang der Prinzessin liefert Descartes eigene Interpretationen wichtiger philosophischer Texte wie Senecas Über das glückliche Leben und Machiavellis Der Fürst.Die Edition enthält erstmals eine vollständige deutsche Übersetzung der Korrespondenz zwischen Descartes und Elisabeth. Sie wird um eine Auswahl philosophisch relevanter Briefe erweitert, die Descartes mit Königin Christina von Schweden (1626¿1689) und mit seinem Freund, dem französischen Diplomaten Pierre Chanut (1601¿1662), wechselt.

Lettres de M. Descartes. Tome 1 /, où sont traittées les plus belles questions de la morale, de la physique, de la médecine et des mathématiques [publié par Claude Clerselier]Date de l'édition originale: 1657-1667Le présent ouvrage s'inscrit dans une politique de conservation patrimoniale des ouvrages de la littérature Française mise en place avec la BNF.HACHETTE LIVRE et la BNF proposent ainsi un catalogue de titres indisponibles, la BNF ayant numérisé ces oeuvres et HACHETTE LIVRE les imprimant à la demande.Certains de ces ouvrages reflètent des courants de pensée caractéristiques de leur époque, mais qui seraient aujourd'hui jugés condamnables.Ils n'en appartiennent pas moins à l'histoire des idées en France et sont susceptibles de présenter un intérêt scientifique ou historique.Le sens de notre démarche éditoriale consiste ainsi à permettre l'accès à ces oeuvres sans pour autant que nous en cautionnions en aucune façon le contenu.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.fr

Discours de la methode; suivi des Meditations metaphysiques / DescartesDate de l'edition originale: 1908Collection: Les Meilleurs auteurs classiques francais et etrangersCe livre est la reproduction fidele d'une oeuvre publiee avant 1920 et fait partie d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande editee par Hachette Livre, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Bibliotheque nationale de France, offrant l'opportunite d'acceder a des ouvrages anciens et souvent rares issus des fonds patrimoniaux de la BnF.Les oeuvres faisant partie de cette collection ont ete numerisees par la BnF et sont presentes sur Gallica, sa bibliotheque numerique.En entreprenant de redonner vie a ces ouvrages au travers d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande, nous leur donnons la possibilite de rencontrer un public elargi et participons a la transmission de connaissances et de savoirs parfois difficilement accessibles.Nous avons cherche a concilier la reproduction fidele d'un livre ancien a partir de sa version numerisee avec le souci d'un confort de lecture optimal. Nous esperons que les ouvrages de cette nouvelle collection vous apporteront entiere satisfaction.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.frhttp: //gallica.bnf.fr/ark: /12148/bpt6k5477186x

This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.

Der Discours de la méthode, mit vollem Titel Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison et chercher la verité dans les sciences ist ein philosophisches und autobiographisches Werk des französischen Philosophen René Descartes. Es erschien erstmals 1637 anonym in Leiden in französischer Sprache und war daher auch philosophischen Laien zugänglich. 1656 folgte eine lateinische Fassung, die in Amsterdam herausgegeben wurde. Aus dem IV. Teil des Discours de la méthode stammt das berühmte Zitat "Je pense, donc je suis" (dt. "Ich denke, also bin ich"). Der Discours selbst besteht aus sechs Teilen, deren Einteilung Descartes in seinem Vorwort vorschlägt: Betrachtungen über die Wissenschaften Hauptregeln der Methode Einige moralische Regeln Fundamente der Metaphysik Naturphilosophische Fragen Gründe, die den Autor zum Schreiben bewogen haben

Several of Descarte's most ground-breaking essays and philosophic treatises are contained in this quality edition.Written by René Descartes in the 17th century and counted among the first great philosophic works of Enlightenment era, these papers contain the philosopher's thoughts on physical objects, presence and being. Descartes describes a series of vivid dreams which, for their realism, leave him in doubt as to whether he does indeed possess a body or whether it is merely an illusion. Descartes reflects upon the nature of dreams, and wonders whether their strangeness is not a consequence of God playing a trick with his mind. Discounting God as the culprit, Descartes instead places responsibility of the illusion of reality at the feet of a 'malignant demon'.The translations present in this edition were composed by the Scottish poet and scholar of philosophy John Vietch, whose academic career at The University of St. Andrews in Fife provided a firm grounding in the philosophic disciplines.

Several of Descarte's most ground-breaking essays and philosophic treatises are contained in this quality edition.Written by René Descartes in the 17th century and counted among the first great philosophic works of Enlightenment era, these papers contain the philosopher's thoughts on physical objects, presence and being. Descartes describes a series of vivid dreams which, for their realism, leave him in doubt as to whether he does indeed possess a body or whether it is merely an illusion. Descartes reflects upon the nature of dreams, and wonders whether their strangeness is not a consequence of God playing a trick with his mind. Discounting God as the culprit, Descartes instead places responsibility of the illusion of reality at the feet of a 'malignant demon'.The translations present in this edition were composed by the Scottish poet and scholar of philosophy John Vietch, whose academic career at The University of St. Andrews in Fife provided a firm grounding in the philosophic disciplines.

Principles of Philosophy is a book by René Descartes. In essence it is a synthesis of the Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy It was written in Latin, published in 1644 and dedicated to Elisabeth of Bohemia, with whom Descartes had a long-standing friendship. A French version (Les Principes de la Philosophie) followed in 1647. It set forth the principles of nature-the Laws of Physics-as Descartes viewed them. Most notably, it set forth the principle that in the absence of external forces, an object's motion will be uniform and in a straight line. Newton borrowed this principle from Descartes and included it in his own Principia; to this day, it is still generally referred to as Newton's First Law of Motion. The book was primarily intended to replace the Aristotelian curriculum then used in French and British Universities. The work provides a systematic statement of his metaphysics and natural philosophy, and represents the first truly comprehensive, mechanistic account of the universe.