Bøker av Professor Zafar Iqbal

The book in hand analyzes the relations between media and politics in Pakistan since 1947. Media faced the toughest of the times in the sub-continent before partition and encountered difficult situations of new kind afterward. How did media react to the repressive actions of the rapidly changing governments and what were the reasons for taking actions against the media in the governments'' view? These and many other significant aspects have been studied in the book. Similarly, economy of the country and its affects on the functioning of media have also been studied with the presumption that an economically weak media is feebler to the actions of the government as compared to the stronger one. How did the media survive and what measures it took for its viability have also been examined. The society and its role in protecting the media as a social institution have also been focused. Some of the dramatic changes in the societal behaviour have been observed and studied in detail. What difficulties and problems the media faced, which hindered its institutional development process, are analyzed and summarised in various chapters of this book.

Wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain crop and staple food of people in the world. Among many other factors of low yield in wheat, one of the most serious but less addressed causes is the presence of weeds. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, light, space, moisture and cause reduction in wheat vigor, tillering, head size, kernel weight. Weeds lower the market value of the produce and hence bring economic losses to the growers. Chemical weed control is preferred over other weed control methods like manual weeding, mechanical weeding, intercropping, crop rotation and stale seed bed technique because it is quick, more effective and relatively cheaper. Grassy (narrow leaved) weeds like Phalaris minor, Avena fatua, Hordeum vulgare and Cyperus rotandus are the serious problem in wheat.This book describes identification of different grassy weeds present in wheat fields and most economical herbicides for controlling these weeds,especially against P. minor.

This dissertation presents intensive survey of formose reaction (FR). Based on survey, strategies are discussed regard to synthesis of edible sugars. The reaction is crucial to the question of origin of life and is potential for regenerative life support systems in space flights. The FR is complex due to chain distribution of synthesized sugars including other products. Full conversion of HCHO is responsible for product complexity, whereas complexity is significantly lower under partial conversion. Hence, partial conversion with adjusted reaction conditions may represent a potential tool for production of edible sugars. This strategy requires development of corresponding separation methods (membrane techniques, process chromatography etc.) including closed cycle systems. Analysis of formose products is still problematic. In this work, attempts were made to improve the analysis in HPLC. The work served to better the current understanding of the reaction itself. Investigations were also conducted following the strategy for production of C3 or C6 carbohydrate with increased selectivity. The results are indicative to follow the time dependent development of the compounds precisely.