Bøker av National Research Council

Examining the evidence for change in the world of work, this volume provides an illustrated framework for understanding the changes and the implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in the civilian and military sectors. It explores the demographic diversity of the workforce, and the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work.

Presents the multiple facets of digitized intellectual property, defining terms, identifying key issues, and exploring alternatives. This book follows the threads of law, business, incentives to creators, the American tradition of access to information, the international context, and the nature of human behavior.

A guide to teaching inquiry and teaching through inquiry, as recommended by the National Science Education Standards. This book explores the dimensions of teaching and learning science as inquiry for K-12 students across a range of science topics. It helps clarify when teachers should use the inquiry-based approach.

Focuses on data and information system issues at the federal, state, and local levels. This book includes recommendations that address: policy framework for selecting performance measures and using performance measurement; operational principles related to data and data systems that support performance measurement; and more.

Discusses opportunities for enhancement of water supplies and avoidance of over exploitation of water resources in the Middle East. Based on the concept that ecosystem goods and services are essential to maintaining water quality and quantity, this book emphasizes conservation, improved use of technologies, and water management approaches.

Describes the development of ocean sciences, highlighting the contributions of the National Science Foundation (NSF) to the field's progress. This book also examines the institutional structures and technology that made the advances possible. It documents the history of NSF's Division of Ocean Sciences.

Presents a preliminary assessment of what is known about the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and what may cause them. This book includes papers and a workshop summary of findings from orthopedic surgery, public health, occupational medicine, epidemiology, risk analysis, ergonomics, and human factors.

Examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, and the experiences of immigrant women. This book includes information on topics such as immigration policies and practices, and data on where immigrants come from and what they do.

Traditionally, vocational mathematics and precollege mathematics have been separate in schools. This book addresses how to make mathematical education of students meaningful - how to meet the practical needs of students entering the work force after high school as well as the needs of students going on to postsecondary education.

Provides suggestions for breeding, keeping, and identifying pathogen-free laboratory rodents. This book summarizes methods for eliminating infectious agents, describes the diagnosis and control of each infectious agent, and tables covering the diseases listed in the volume helps in the diagnosis of infected animals.

Evaluates the extent to which state efforts have been effective in reducing the perinatal transmission of HIV. This book is of interest to federal, state, and local health policymakers, prenatal care providers, maternal and child health specialists, public health practitioners, and advocates for HIV/AIDS patients.

States that everyone is in favor of 'high education standards' and 'fair testing' of student achievement, but there is little agreement as to what these terms actually mean. This book looks at how testing affects critical decisions for American students.

Presents a picture of the diversity of state testing programs. This book also looks at the characteristics of the National Assessment of Educational Progress. It provides an answer to the question posed by Congress in Public Law 105-78, suggests criteria for evaluating the quality of linkages, and more.

Examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. This work contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, and theoretical computer science.

Assesses the evidence, and possible mechanisms, for the associations between women's education, fertility preferences, and fertility in developing countries, and how these associations vary across regions. This book discusses the implications of these associations for policies in the population, health, and education sectors.

The federal government has invested in facilities worldwide to support the provision of government services. This book identifies factors contributing to this deterioration and recommends a framework of strategies to foster acccountability for the stewardship of federal facilities and to allocate resources for their maintenance and repair.

Describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites.

Provides an evaluation of the soundness of the methodology used by the NCI study to estimate: past radiation doses; possible health consequences of exposure to iodine-131; implications for clinical practice; and possible public health strategies - such as systematic screening for thyroid cancer - to respond to the exposures.

In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat. This book makes recommendations to reduce criminal bombings.

Reviews the performance of the Community Development Quotas (CDQ) programs that were formed as a result of the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996. The CDQ program is a method of allocating access to fisheries to eligible communities with the intent of promoting social and economic conditions through participation in fishing-related activities.

Optical science and engineering affect almost every aspect of our lives. This book surveys their applications, as well as the status of the optics industry and of research and education in optics, and identifies actions that could enhance the field's contributions to society and facilitate its technical development.

Examines the space-based research across the Atlantic. This book, prepared jointly with the European Space Science Committee focuses on a set of 13 US-Europe missions that illustrate "lessons learned" on the evolution of the cooperation, mission planning and scheduling, international agreements, cost-sharing, management, and scientific output.

Provides a strategy to address the technical needs and priorities associated with the US Air Force's aging airframe structures. This book includes a summary of the structural status of the aging force, identification of technical issues and research recommendations.

Assesses the scientific value and merit of research on human genetic differences - including a collection of DNA samples that represents the whole of human genetic diversity - and the ethical, organizational, and policy issues surrounding such research. This book discusses the potential uses of such collection.

What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? This volume contains papers that explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several case studies based on the data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.