Bøker av National Research Council

A summary of a symposium on careers of women in science. This work incorporates 3 panels of presenters: one focusing on the next generation; a second that looks at the issues reflected in one particular field of science; and a third that focuses on strategies and policies to recruit and promote career advancement for women scientists.

Discusses the issue of digital information and networks challenging core practices of all organizations with intensive information management needs. This text also provides recommendations for moving forward at the Libary of Congress, the world's largest library.

Discusses the link between basic research and societal needs, and how improvements in technology have provided opportunities for observing the processes of present-day Earth. This text examines six main areas in which the opportunities for research are especially complelling.

The Helium Privatization Act of 1996 (PL 104-273) directs the Department of the Interior to begin liquidating the US Federal Helium Reserve by 2005 in a manner consistent with "minimum market disruption" and at a price given by a formula specified in the act. This report is the product of that mandate.

Synthesizes what we know about the quality of math and science teaching, drawing conclusions about why teacher preparation needs reform, and then outlining recommendations for accomplishing several important goals before us. This book also reviews Professional Development Schools.

Offers recommendations for the programs in astronomy and astrophysics, including initiatives for observing the universe. With the goal of optimum value, in this book, a distinguished panel addresses the role of federal research agencies, allocation of funding, training for scientists, and competition and collaboration among space facilities.

An accompanying volume to the National Science Education Standards. Focusing on the teacher as the primary player in assessment, this book offers assessment guidelines and explores how they can be adapted to the individual classroom. It features examples, definitions, illustrative vignettes, and practical suggestions to help teachers.

Focusing on fertility as one key to accurate projections, this book examines the transition from high, constant fertility to low fertility levels and discusses whether developing countries eventually attain the very low levels of births now observed in the industrialized world.

Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. This book confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites.

States that US Air Force (USAF) planners have envisioned that uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs), working in concert with inhabited vehicles, will become an integral part of the future force structure. This title also states that plans are based on the premise that UAVs have the potential to augment, or even replace, inhabited aircraft in missions.

The International Space Station (ISS) is truly an international undertaking. The project is being led by the United States, with the participation of Japan, the European Space Agency, Canada, Italy, Russia, and Brazil. This title offers a study of the engineering challenges posed by longterm operation of the ISS.

In 1997, for the first time commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the Eastern Range (ER), located at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. This title discusses whether range safety processes can be made more efficient and less costly without compromising public safety.

Deployment of forces in hostile or unfamiliar environments is inherently risky. This title develops an analytical framework for assessing risks, which would encompass the risks of adversed health effects from battle injuries, including those from chemical- and biological-warfare agents, and non-battle-related health problems.

Sound has become a major tool for studying the ocean. Although the ocean is relatively opaque to light, it is relatively transparent to sound. Sound having frequencies below 1,000 Hertz is often defined as low-frequency sound. The speed of sound is proportional to the temperature of the water through which it passes. This title deals with sound.

Presents recommendations for addressing the various aspects of America's youth crime problem. This book explores desistance - the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with age - and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates.

The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. This volume explores trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. It presents the findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research.

Presents a comprehensive picture of early childhood learning. This book discusses: evidence for competing theories, models, and approaches in the field and looks at some day-to-day practices and activities used in preschool; the role of the teacher, the importance of peer interactions, and other relationships in the child's life; and more.

Recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens and understanding pathogen transport and fate. This book also focuses on buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Second in a four-part series requested by Congress, this book describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal and state government agencies. It also reviews the committee's portfolio of recommended research.

Provides guidance on effective approaches for building laboratory facilities in the chemical and biochemical sciences. This book contains both basic and laboratory-specific information addressed to the user community - the scientists and administrators who contract with design and construction experts.

Explores America's experience of gambling. This book examines the issues surrounding the definition of pathological gambling, its co-occurrence with disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and depression; its social characteristics and economic consequences, both good and bad, for communities; and, the role of video gaming.

What can sharks teach us about our immune system? What can horseshoe crabs show us about eyesight? This book looks into the oceans, often nurturing yet sometimes harming humankind. It explores the links among physical oceanography, public health, epidemiology, marine biology, and medicine in understanding what the ocean has to offer.

The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this discipline.

In the milestone process used by US Department of Defense to answer the basic acquisition question, one component near the end of the process is operational testing. This book examines the milestone process, as well as the DOD's entire approach to testing and evaluating defense systems.

Developed to help state- and district-level education leaders create coherent, multi-year curriculum programs that provide students with opportunities to learn mathematics and science in a connected and cumulative way throughout their schooling. This book emphasizes the need for designing curricula in the elementary and secondary school.