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This book is the first to provide a comprehensive and elementary account of the new Iwasawa theory innovated via the deformation theory of modular forms and Galois representations. The deformation theory of modular forms is developed by generalizing the cohomological approach discovered in the author's 2019 AMS Leroy P Steele Prize-winning article without using much algebraic geometry.Starting with a description of Iwasawa's classical results on his proof of the main conjecture under the Kummer-Vandiver conjecture (which proves cyclicity of his Iwasawa module more than just proving his main conjecture), we describe a generalization of the method proving cyclicity to the adjoint Selmer group of every ordinary deformation of a two-dimensional Artin Galois representation.The fundamentals in the first five chapters are as follows:Iwasawa's proof;a modular version of Iwasawa's discovery by Kubert-Lang as an introduction to modular forms;a level-headed description of the p-adic interpolation of modular forms and p-adic L-functions, which are developed into a modular deformation theory;Galois deformation theory of the abelian case.The continuing chapters provide the level of exposition accessible to graduate students, while the results are the latest. Readers will find:the theory is generalized to the non-abelian case of dimension 2 including a description of a non-abelian class number formula relating the order of the adjoint p-Selmer group to the adjoint p-adic L-function;cyclicity over the Hecke algebra of the adjoint Selmer group of the two-dimensional Artin representations and their deformations is shown;a proved conjecture of Greenberg on p-local indecomposability of modular p-adic Galois representation in many cases unconditionally;analytic details on the non-abelian class number formula.Many open problems are presented to stimulate young researchers pursuing their field of study.

Standard therapy for high grade glioma is a topic that is evolving, timely, and relevant. In this book, some of the articles include: Use of language mapping to aid resection of eloquent gliomas; Clinical trials with immunotherapy; Clinical trials for small molecule inhibitors; and Nanotechnology potential applications for GBM therapy.

Neural Tube Defects are a group of related but individual pathologies that are the most common congenital anomalies of the Central Nervous System. This book encompasses etiology, molecular biology, clinical anatomy, symptoms, rationale for surgical procedures, natural history and transition into adulthood.

Features experts who highlight the updates on various forms of management of high grade glioma. In this title, the articles focus on: Extent of Resection for Glioblastoma; Role of adjuvant radiation therapy; Survival benefit of the Temozolomide protocol; Alternative chemotherapeutic agents; The role of avastin; Radiology; and Pathology.

This work explores various forms of oppression that plague contemporary society. Through the analyses and reflections of theorists and social activists it brings together, under a common project of human liberation, critical voices from around the globe.