Bøker av Irving Fisher

Frontmatter -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- APPENDICES -- INTRODUCTION. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS -- I. WEALTH -- II. PROPERTY -- III. UTILITY -- PART I. CAPITAL -- IV. CAPITAL -- V. CAPITAL ACCOUNTS -- VI. CAPITAL SUMMATION -- PART II. INCOME -- VII. INCOME -- VIII. INCOME ACCOUNTS -- IX. INCOME SUMMATION -- X. PSYCHIC INCOME -- PART III. CAPITAL AND INCOME -- XI. FOUR INCOME-CAPITAL RATIOS -- XII. CONCEPT OF RATE OP INTEREST -- XIII. VALUE OF CAPITAL -- XIV. EARNINGS AND INCOME -- XV. CAPITAL AND INCOME ACCOUNTS -- XVI. THE RISK ELEMENT -- PART IV. SUMMARIES -- XVII. SUMMARY OF PART III -- XVIII. GENERAL SUMMARY -- GLOSSARY -- APPENDICES -- INDEX

Frontmatter -- Vorwort -- Der schwankende Geldwert

Frontmatter -- Vorwort zur deutschen Ausgabe -- Ratschläge für die Leser -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Analytisches Inhaltsverzeichnis -- I. Kapitel. Begriffsbestimmungen -- II. Kapitel. Beziehungen der Kaufkraft des Geldes zur Verkehrsgleichung -- III. Kapitel. Einfluß der Depositenumlaufsmittel auf die Gleichung und infolgedessen auf die Kaufkraft -- IV. Kapitel. Störung der Gleichung und der Kaufkraft in Perioden des Übergangs -- V. Kapitel. Indirekte Einflüsse auf die Kaufkraft -- VI. Kapitel. Indirekte Einwirkungen (Fortsetzung) -- VII. Kapitel. Einwirkung der Geldsysteme auf die Kaufkraft -- VIII. Kapitel. Einwirkung der Geldquantität und anderer Faktoren auf die Kaufkraft und ihre Wechselwirkung -- IX. Kapitel. Die Zerstreuung der Preise macht eine Indexnummer für die Kaufkraft erforderlich -- X. Kapitel. Die besten Indexnummern der Kaufkraft -- XI. Kapitel. Statistischer Nachweis. Allgemeiner historischer Rückblick -- XII. Kapitel. Statistiken der letzten Jahre -- XIII. Kapitel. Das Problem, die Kaufkraft stabiler zu gestalten -- Anhang -- Anhang zum II. Kapitel -- Anhang zum III. Kapitel -- Anhang zum V. Kapitel -- Anhang zum VI. Kapitel -- Anhang zum VII. Kapitel -- Anhang zum VIII. Kapitel -- Anhang zum X. Kapitel -- Anhang zum XII. Kapitel -- Nachtrag zur zweiten (amerikanischen) Auflage -- Anhang zur zweiten (amerikanischen) Auflage über die "Wertstabilisierung des Dollars" -- Personen- und Sachregister

Irving Fisher's treatise on Eugenics - the process of improving human genetic qualities thought favorable through selective breeding - summarizes the practice and defends it from detractors.A strong advocate of eugenics since soon after its inception in the 1880s, Irving Fisher would frequently give talks where he passionately advanced the idea. The notion of selective breeding generated rumors and reproach almost from the inception; a good portion of this tract is aimed at debunking rumors that had sprung up. As a historical text shedding insight into eugenics in the United States, Irvine Fisher's thoughts are a useful source. The author effectively presents the core arguments and justifications, quoting Mendelian genetics and giving examples of selective breeding in species other than humans. Fisher would go on to found the American Eugenics Society and serve as its first President in the 1920s.

Irving Fisher's interest in public health was the result of a bout with tuberculosis, after which he wrote "How to Live: Rules for Healthful Living Based on Modern Science". In his foreword to the book, former president and then-future Chief Justice William Howard Taft wrote that there were many "considerations that have influenced me to cooperate with the life extension movement, and to commend this volume to the earnest consideration of all who desire authoritative guidance in improving their own physical condition or in making effective the knowledge now available for bringing health and happiness to our people." To do that, the authors present chapters on the air, food, poisons, activities, and general hygiene, followed by sections dealing with being overweight or underweight, alcohol, posture, and tobacco -- and even how to avoid colds. Irving Fisher was a top American economist in the early 20th century who earned the first Ph.D. in economics awarded by Yale University, where he also taught political economy. He was an accomplished mathematician and an engaging and talented writer on even the most technical of subjects whose investigations ranged beyond economics to encompass astronomy, health and hygiene, mechanics, philosophy, poetry, science, and myriad public policy issues. Dr. Eugene Lyman Fisk was the chairman of the Life Extension Institute, under whose auspices this book was published.

Que dirions-nous si notre mètre, notre kilo, notre boisseau, notre litre, notre kilowatt augmentaient ou diminuaient, et du simple au quadruple, et sans discontinuer? Supposez qu'une Compagnie de Chemin de fer passe une commande de traverses de six pieds, et que le pied quadruple de longueur avant la date de livraison. Supposez qu'un élévateur à céréales achète mille boisseaux de froment et que le boisseau se recroqueville au quart de sa taille primitive. Notre dollar, mesure de valeur, varie comme varieraient un mètre de caoutchouc, un kilo de coton hydrophile qui s'imprégnerait d'eau pour sécher ensuite suivant l'état de l'atmosphère.

Et si notre système monétaire n'avait jamais été mûrement réfléchi ?C'est peut-être en partant de cette question toute simple qu'il faudrait étudier le problème monétaire. L'opinion d'Irving Fisher en 1935, lors de l'écriture de 100% Money 6 ans après le début de la grande dépression, est claire : il n'a jamais été mûrement réfléchi par un quelconque décideur. Le système monétaire ayant cours à cette époque aux États-Unis et dans la majeure partie des pays industrialisés ne serait qu'une pure contingence de l'histoire modelée au cours des siècles par l'appât du gain des banquiers. Il serait le maillon faible de notre système économique et la cause principale des épisodes récurrents de boom et de dépression dont souffrent les économies capitalistes depuis des siècles.

In economics, money illusion refers to the tendency of people to think of currency in nominal, rather than real, terms. This is a fallacy as modern fiat currencies have no inherent value and their real value is derived from their ability to be exchanged for goods and used for payment of taxes. The term was coined by John Maynard Keynes in the early twentieth century, and Irving Fisher book, The Money Illusion, is one of the most important works on the subject.