Bøker av Dhruba Jyoti Bora

Since time immemorial, nature has inspired humans to find ways to treat different ail- ments. With advancements in time and technology, human civilization has encountered new diseases and has even found ways to deal with them. During the development of a new drug, pre-clinical studies occur in mammals on the onset of in-vivo studies. Here effort has been made to include in-silico studies of drugs (transdermal drugs only) before experimentation on any live animal. In thiswe briefly introduce the idea of transdermal drug delivery along with its advantages over other drug delivery methods, concept of skin impedance and electrical models of skin. The usual methods of drug administrations are oral intake and hypodermic injection. However, in the history of medical science, it has been observed that people have applied substances on the skin for therapeutic effects from ancient days. These substances were naturally occurring or locally available drugs derived from nature. However, with the advancement in time and development of medical science, various drug formulations have been developed to treat local indications. This method of drug administration through intact skin is known as transdermal drug delivery (TDD). Oral drug delivery involved hepatic first-pass effect, where drugs are metabolized pre- maturely by the liver. This also involves gastrointestinal degradation of drugs, proteins, peptides and hormones by the stomach acids.