Bøker i SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology-serien

This book covers the tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance classifications, empirical models, statistical and intelligent-based techniques which have been applied and introduced by the researchers in this field. The introduced models are accurate enough and they can be used for prediction of TBM performance in practice before designing TBMs.

A morphological analysis of necrotic changes in the myocardial tissue of patients that died due to heart attack, coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency was carried out and the data and histological sections of the myocardium inspected utilizing Mueller-matrix mapping of tissue samples with polarized light.

It presents key performance indicators as well as human performance parameters that can be used in future evaluation of team performance and players.

This book reports on an architectural conservation and reuse project in Anipemza, an Armenian Soviet-era village on the Turkish border, just a few steps away from the important Yererouyk archaeological site.

This book conducts effective research on data-driven Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), and accordingly presents many novel feature extraction methods by time series analysis and signal processing, to extract reliable damage sensitive features from vibration responses.

This Open Access book outlines ideas for a novel, scalable and, above all, sustainable financial system. We all know that today's global markets are unsustainable and global governance is not effective enough.

It discusses the origin and history of SARS CoV2 and the outbreak of COVID-19 and highlights the geographical mutations in the SARS CoV2 virus genome, providing information about the structural features, antigenicity and the life cycle of SARS CoV2.

This book offers a basic understanding of the Internet of Things (IoT), its design issues and challenges for healthcare applications. It also provides details of the challenges of healthcare big data, role of big data in healthcare and techniques, and tools for IoT in healthcare.

It also helps find ways in which we can measure possible consequences and societal impacts by taking the following factors into account: open public health issues and common AI solutions (with multiple case studies, such as TB and SARS: COVID-19), AI in sustainable health care, AI in precision medicine and data privacy issues.

This book reviews the building renovation process by systematizing the phases of analysis and prior knowledge through a project that not only considers energy savings but also thoroughly examines complex issues, such as defining the correct new functions and answers to new needs.

This book provides a synthesis for using IoT for indoor air quality assessment. Indoor air quality assessment is one of the most important applications of IoT which helps in the development of smart and healthy living spaces.

This book reports a comprehensive study on the Industry 4.0 technologies focused on the aerospace sector, presenting a blueprint of the sector and the background of the key technologies. The author describes the adoption of some of these technologies by some of the major aerospace companies and organizations.

This open access book presents thirteen outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.

This book highlights a timely and accurate insight at the endeavour of the bioinformatics and genomics clinicians from industry and academia to address the societal needs. The contents of the book unearth the lacuna between the medication and treatment in the current preventive medicinal and pharmaceutical system. It contains chapters prepared by experts in life sciences along with data scientists for examining the circumstances of health care system for the next decade. It also highlights the automated processes for analyzing data in clinical trial research, specifically for drug development. Additionally, the data science solutions provided in this book help pharmaceutical companies to improve on what had historically been manual, costly and laborious process for cross-referencing research in clinical trials on drug development, while laying the groundwork for use with a full range of other drugs for the conditions ranging from tuberculosis, to diabetes, to heart attacks and many others.

This book gives a rigorous and up-to-date study of the various AI and machine learning algorithms for resolving environmental challenges associated with blasting. A small amount of explosive energy is only used during blasting to fracture rock in order to achieve the appropriate fragmentation, throw, and development of muck pile.

This book presents an innovative approach for piercing materials and shows how the application of computer software and correct setting of technological parameters in production are important tools for achieving the required production quality.

Besides, the significance of various industrial wastes as partial replacements with concrete ingredients such as cement and aggregates are discussed. This book discusses a few examples on studies of using various industry wastes as partial replacement of cement in concrete

This open access book examines collaborative approaches to urban transformation processes and guides smart co-design applications in such contexts. It presents a selection of co-design methods that can be fruitfully integrated with mobile applications, focusing on the CitySense app, the result of two H2020 European Projects. This innovative solution favours a virtuous co-creation process involving decision-makers, architects, developers, and citizens. It provides a service for assessing the existing urban context and possible design solutions from the community perspective. It enables the study of citizens' perceptions by pairing Augmented and Virtual Reality with the "Experiential Environmental Impact Assessment: exp-EIA©" method, which integrates psychological and architectural perspectives. This approach shapes all phases of the design process, encouraging evidence-based design and decision-making, and also supports the definition of a proper design brief before investing and the pre-assessment of the urban design project's experiential outcomes before construction.The book starts by presenting the evolution of citizens' involvement from traditional to smart solutions, and then provides a general framework of co-design options using smart applications (especially the CitySense app). The overall approach fosters a phygital (physical + digital) approach by outlining possible ways of enhancing fruitful public/private collaborations with a view to making shared, high-performance urban decisions.

This book aims to critically assess the Cartesian stance that affirms robotic and AI technologies as candidates to supplant human capacities in non-routine intellectual nature activities based on social power relations. In the argumentation listed, the contradictions that this hypothesis approaches will be exposed, mainly in a historical and social analysis based on a complex and uncertain sociological perspective, added by a discussion within the scope of the Chaos theory. Finally, an outline of the current era, fostered by extremisms and extremists, will be described in terms of its contradictions in an attempt at sociological analysis. For this, some crucial and unsettling questions will be asked, and an effort to come up with answers will be made for some.

This book reports four structural equation models (SEM) for quantifying the relationship between the most important lean manufacturing (LM) practices applied to the manufacturing industry. The SEMs are evaluated using 220 responses to a survey applied to manufacturing companies applying LM principles in the production system and are related to: distribution and maintenance, production process and quality system, supply chain and quality, and an integrator model. The findings identify the most important activities for every LM practices and how they are related. These relationship' values will help administrators, managers, engineers to focus their efforts on these most important activities, facilitating the decision-making process.

This book introduces basic concepts related to computer-aided simulation of welding and prepares the reader to perform the simulation of welding by commercial simulation software. It focuses on conceptualizing the physics of welding, heat transfer, stress development and microstructure development in welding. This book helps the reader to implement these concepts in any commercial software to simulate the welding process according to their own requirement.

This book applies artificial intelligence to lean production and shows how to practically combine the advantages of these two disciplines. Lean manufacturing originated in Japan and is a well-known tool for improving manufacturers' competitiveness. Prevalent tools for lean manufacturing include Kanban, Pacemaker, Value Stream Map, 5s, Just-in-Time and Pull Manufacturing. Lean Manufacturing and  the Toyota Manufacturing System has been successfully applied to various factories and supply chains around the world. A lean manufacturing system can not only reduce wastes and inventory, but also respond to customer needs more immediately. Artificial intelligence is a subject that has attracted much attention recently. Many researchers and practical developers are working hard to apply artificial intelligence to our daily lives, including in factories. For example, fuzzy rules have been established to optimize machine settings. Bionic algorithms have been proposed to solve production sequencing and scheduling problems. Machine learning technologies are applied to detect possible product quality problems and diagnose the health of a machine. This book will be of interest to production engineers, managers, as well as students and researchers in manufacturing engineering.

The book presents theoretical and experimental studies of ice fracturing process during impact and explosion load. It shows how to obtain ice in natural and artificial conditions. The book summarizes the results of full-scale experiments for 5 years on undermining ice sheets with emulsion explosives. It presents an algorithm that simulates the process of fracturing of thick ice subjected to blast load, showing that the behavior of ice under impact and explosive loads can be described by a model of continuum mechanics. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the ballistic perfomance of an ice cube after deep penetration low-velocity projectiles are reported in this book. Some pilot problems are formulated for a deeper understanding of the mechanics of ice fracturing during impact and explosion. 

This book examines the background of fourth-generation biofuel production, use of genetically modified microalgae for production of fourth-generation biofuels; cultivation and harvesting of genetically modified microalgae; residue from biofuel extraction; health and environmental concerns of fourth-generation biofuels; regulations on cultivation and processing of the genetically modified algae; carbon dioxide sequestration; water footprint and current status and key challenges. The topic caters to academic researchers and industrial experts, who work in the field of biofuels as source of alternative fuel to achieve environmental and economic sustainability.

This open access book presents a set of practical tools and collaborative solutions in multi-disciplinary settings to foster the Alpine Space health tourism industry¿s innovation and competitiveness. The proposed solutions emerge as the result of the synergy among health, environment, tourism, digital, policy and strategy professionals. The approach underlines the pivotal role of a sustainable and ecomedical use of Alpine natural resources for health tourism destinations, and highlights the need of integrating aspects of natural resources¿ healing effects, a shared knowledge of Alpine assets through digital solutions, and frames strategic approaches for the long-term development of the sector.The volume exploits the results of the three-years long EU research project HEALPS 2, which involved several stakeholders from the health tourism, healthcare and sustainable tourism industries. This book is relevant for health tourism destinations and facilities (hotels, clinics, wellnessand spa companies), regional and local authorities (policy makers), business support organizations, researchers involved in digital healthcare and geoinformatics.

The intelligent sports analysis of a soccer ball (also known as football, football ball, or association football ball) requires accurately simulating its motion and finding the best design parameters.

This book presents a genetic algorithm that optimizes a grid template pattern detector to find the best point to trade in the SP 500.