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In this study, policymakers in the Reagan administration and academics offer a view of how and why economic policy in the 1980s developed the way it did. Monetary and exchange rate policy, tax policy and budget issues are discussed here.

Case studies examining how firms co-ordinate economic activity in the face of asymmetric information are the focus of this volume. It studies the development of the flow of information and co-ordination of economic activity within and between firms.

This volume explores the intersection of the scientific, clinical, and economic factors affecting the development of PPM, including its effects on the drug pipeline, on reimbursement of PPM diagnostics and treatments, and on funding of the requisite underlying research; and it examines recent empirical applications of PPM.

"This book provides a comprehensive treatment, with chapters that examine the returns to undergrad education, how costs differ by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty, how online education has affected the market, and more. This work addresses the five challenges to assessing productivity in higher ed: multiple outcomes, the "multi-product" nature of institutions, selection, attribution, and the public nature of some benefits"--

"Agriculture plays a key role in economic growth and development. As recently as 1800, more than half the population in most European countries worked on farms and in fields, though this shifted with the industrial revolution. Agricultural efficiencies were not immediately apparent until the middle of the 20th century when yields began to increase and they have continued to grow at a steady pace since. At the same time, inflation-adjusted agricultural commodity prices have been trending downward as increases in supply outpaced increases in demand. Food is an essential good, and while its price is currently low due to its abundance, it is responsible for a large consumer surplus given the highly inelastic demand. Understanding the factors that contribute to the upward trend in yields is of first-order importance for food security and human welfare. This book contains eight chapters that examine the factors behind the remarkably steady increase in yields around the globe, in order to better understand whether this trend can continue into the future and whether it will impose significant environmental externalities. The volume provides fresh and original analyses using methodological innovations to analyze recently available micro-level data sets"--

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) highlight the potential of this technology to affect productivity, growth, inequality, market power, innovation, and employment. This volume seeks to set the agenda for economic research on the impact of AI. It covers four broad themes: AI as a general purpose technology; the relationships between AI, growth, jobs, and inequality; regulatory responses to changes brought on by AI; and the effects of AI on the way economic research is conducted. It explores the economic influence of machine learning, the branch of computational statistics that has driven much of the recent excitement around AI, as well as the economic impact of robotics and automation and the potential economic consequences of a still-hypothetical artificial general intelligence. The volume provides frameworks for understanding the economic impact of AI and identifies a number of open research questions. Contributors: Daron Acemoglu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Philippe Aghion, Collège de France Ajay Agrawal, University of Toronto Susan Athey, Stanford University James Bessen, Boston University School of Law Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT Sloan School of Management Colin F. Camerer, California Institute of Technology Judith Chevalier, Yale School of Management Iain M. Cockburn, Boston University Tyler Cowen, George Mason University Jason Furman, Harvard Kennedy School Patrick Francois, University of British Columbia Alberto Galasso, University of Toronto Joshua Gans, University of Toronto Avi Goldfarb, University of Toronto Austan Goolsbee, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Rebecca Henderson, Harvard Business School Ginger Zhe Jin, University of Maryland Benjamin F. Jones, Northwestern University Charles I. Jones, Stanford University Daniel Kahneman, Princeton University Anton Korinek, Johns Hopkins University Mara Lederman, University of Toronto Hong Luo, Harvard Business School John McHale, National University of Ireland Paul R. Milgrom, Stanford University Matthew Mitchell, University of Toronto Alexander Oettl, Georgia Institute of Technology Andrea Prat, Columbia Business School Manav Raj, New York University Pascual Restrepo, Boston University Daniel Rock, MIT Sloan School of Management Jeffrey D. Sachs, Columbia University Robert Seamans, New York University Scott Stern, MIT Sloan School of Management Betsey Stevenson, University of Michigan Joseph E. Stiglitz. Columbia University Chad Syverson, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Matt Taddy, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Steven Tadelis, University of California, Berkeley Manuel Trajtenberg, Tel Aviv University Daniel Trefler, University of Toronto Catherine Tucker, MIT Sloan School of Management Hal Varian, University of California, Berkeley

Focusing on the costs and benefits of two important instruments of economic policy, this title explores the trade-offs between litigation and regulation, the circumstances in which one approach may outperform the other, and the principles that affect the choice between addressing particular economic activities with one system or the other.

While the importance of innovation to economic development is widely understood, the conditions conducive to it remain the focus of much attention. This title offers contributions to fundamental questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change.

Demographic studies help make sense of key aspects of the economy, offering insight into trends in fertility, mortality, immigration, and labor force participation, as well as age, gender, and race-specific trends in health and disability. This book explores the connections between demography and economics.

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, the federal government has pursued regulatory reforms, including proposals to monitor systemic risk. This book addresses the challenges of measuring risk, and looks at the means of measuring systemic risk and explores alternative approaches.

Accelerating energy innovation could be an important part of an effective response to the threat of climate change. This book explores the role that public and private policy have played in enabling - and sustaining - swift innovation in a variety of industries, from agriculture and the life sciences to information technology.

The baby boom generation's entry into old age has led to an unprecedented increase in the elderly population. The social and economic effects of this shift are significant. This title takes a eclectic view of the subject. It offers in-depth analysis of the effects of retirement plans, employer contributions, and housing prices on retirement.

Focuses on the changing financial circumstances of the elderly and the relationship of these circumstances to health and health care. This title addresses such topics as: out-of-pocket health care costs, the effects of inflation on social security, and the impact of the financial crisis on Americans' well-being.

Looks at the effects of the euro on reform of goods and labor markets; its influence on business cycles and trade among members; and, whether the single currency has induced convergence or divergence in the economic performance of member countries. This title focuses on both the first ten years of the euro and the workings of a monetary union.

The diversity of labor market intermediaries encompasses criminal records providers, public employment offices, labor unions, and centralized medical residency matches. This work analyzes how these third-party actors intercede where workers and firms meet, thereby aiding, impeding, and, in some cases, exploiting the matching process.

Analyzes the changing economic and demographic environment in which social insurance programs benefiting elderly households will operate. This book also explores how these ongoing trends can affect future beneficiaries, under the Social Security program and potential reform options.