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Methods for the successful delivery of these gene therapy vector systems to the retina are examined, as well as assays to test the efficacy in vitro in cell cultures, for gene augmentation and gene editing in vivo on rodents, pigs, and monkey retinas, and on human retinal explants as well as in human clinical studies.

Antigen processing is a biological process that prepares antigens for the presentation to special cells in the immune system called T lymphocytes.

In Clinical Bioinformatics, Second Edition, leading experts in the field provide a series of articles focusing on software applications used to translate information into outcomes of clinical relevance.

In Situ Hybridization Protocols, Fourth Edition contains 21 protocols that utilize the in situ hybridization technology to document or take advantage of the visualization of specific RNA molecules.

In Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis expert investigators detail modern tools to enhance discovery in bone and cartilage biology and promote translational research in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.

The second edition volume expands on the previous edition with new and updated chapters on the latest methods used for studying presentation of antigenic peptides produced in the standard processing pathways for MHC class I and II molecules.

The development of the hybridoma technology created the possibility to obtain unlimited amounts of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with high specificity and affinity for any target and to introduce mAbs in a wide range of applications;

Among the protocol highlights are a novel two-step process that yields a high purity, less costly, DNA, the synthesis of phosphorothioates using new sulfur transfer agents, the synthesis of LNA, peptide conjugation methods to improve cellular delivery and cell-specific targeting, and triple helix formation.

Staying with the idea of isotopic labeling, Chapter 3 describes methods for perdeuteration and site-specific protonation and is the first of several chapters in the book that is relevant to studies of higher molecular weight systems.

These processes include signal transduction, chemotaxis, cell motility, cytokinesis, phagocytosis, and aspects of development such as cell sorting, pattern formation and cell type differentiation.

Coverage includes applications in DNA, peptide, antibody and carbohydrate microarraying, oligonucleotide microarrays generated from hydrolysis PCR probe sequences, microarray platforms in clinical practice, and screening of cDNA libraries on glass slide microarrays.

Here is a manual for an environmental scientist who wishes to embrace genomics to answer environmental questions. The volume covers: gene expression profiling, whole genome and chromosome mutation detection, and methods to assay genome diversity and polymorphisms within a particular environment.

This book is specifically about the application of the extremely powerful interaction between the protein avidin or its homologues and the vitamin biotin and some of its homologues.

In this comprehensive and cutting-edge book, leading experts explore the parameters that define germline stem cells and the mechanisms that regulate the cell behavior in order to better isolate, characterize and maintain them.

Leading chemists and engineers concisely explain the principles behind microchip capillary electrophoresis and demonstrate its use in a variety of biochemical applications, ranging from the analysis of DNA, proteins, and peptides to single cell analysis and measuring the impact of surface modification on flow in microfluidic channels.

For this second edition of their much praised Cytochrome P450, the editors have collected accounts of the essential core techniques that use the latest methodologies for the investigation of P450s.

This updated book includes meiosis methods ranging from classical genetic approaches with budding yeast to high resolution microscopy and computational methods for the analysis of recombination and modeling gene expression networks.

This book focuses on recently developed High Throughput Screening (HTS) assay protocols, many involved in the ToxCast and/or Tox21 initiatives, and the relevant HTS data analysis techniques.

Early detection of cancer at the cellular level is critical. This book provides the most recent, cutting-edge methods designed to achieve the vital goals of nanotechnology-mediated early cancer detection and less toxic therapies for this devastating disease.

The kingdom Fungi constitutes an independent group equal in rank to that of plants and animals. Fungi are highly amenable to molecular work, and a few fungal species serve as model systems to study basic processes with results that are applicable to many organisms, including humans.

Plant Stress Tolerance

The study of gene regulation has been made more tractable by the design of simple expe- mental models in which a single gene can be isolated from the milieu of the organism. In - sence, the genome of the organism is dissected in such a manner that specific genes may now be introduced into an appropriate cell line .

Additional chapters detail methodologies and instrumentation for high-throughput peptide synthesis, many different applications of peptides as novel research tools and biological probes, and the design and application of fluorescent substrate-based peptides that can be used to determine the selectivity and activity of peptidases.

Neurotransmitter Methods is intended as a bench-side companion for researchers who seek to identify, locaHze, or measure neurotransmitters and/or to identify sites of neurotransmitter action.

Studies of membrane transporters have had great impact on our und- standing human diseases and the design of effective drugs. Membrane Transporters: Methods and Protocols provides various practical methodologies for the ongoing research on membrane transporters.

In Characterization of Nanoparticles Intended for Drug Delivery, expert researchers explore the latest advances in the field, providing a set of basic methods for the characterization of nanomaterials for medical use.

In this concise and systematic book, a team of experts select the most important, cutting-edge technologies used in drug delivery systems.