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The Handbook of Clinical Neurology volume on traumatic brain injury (TBI) provides the reader with an updated review of emerging approaches to traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, clinical management and rehabilitation of the traumatic brain injury patient. Chapters in this volume range from epidemiology and pathological mechanisms of injury, and neuroprotection to long-term outcomes with a strong emphasis on current neurobiological approaches to describing the consequences and mechanisms of recovery from TBI. The book presents contemporary investigations on blast injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, making this state-of-the-art volume a must have for clinicians and researchers concerned with the clinical management, or investigation, of TBI. Internationally renowned scientists describe cutting edge research on the neurobiological response to traumatic brain injury, including descriptions of potential biomarkers and indicators of potential targets for treatments to reduce the impact of the injuryExplores cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as genetic predictors of outcomeOffers coverage of various diagnostic tools - CT, MRI, DDTI, fMRI, EEG, resting functional imaging, and moreState-of-the-art traumatic brain injury management and treatment principles are presented for both civilian and military care

Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders, Volume 200 covers new, recent descriptions of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens (only partly associated with paraneoplastic disorders) and the introduction of new immuno-oncological drugs that can contribute to diseases that are pathogenetically indistinguishable from paraneoplastic syndromes. Besides investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of these disorders, this book also explores what the introduction of new drugs used in immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy are teaching us in terms of immunopathogenesis. Following sections present individual syndromes (phenotypical clinical manifestations) of the CNS, PNS, NMJ, and muscle. Finally, the book investigates the role of antibody markers that differentiate by cytoplasmic, nuclear, and neuronal cell surface reactivities. Side effects of the new immuno-oncological drugs increasingly used in cancer therapy are also covered.

Migraine Management, Volume 199 covers the effective treatment of migraines, including different subtypes of migraines in different patient populations. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine is explored in detail, including childhood variants. An in-depth analysis of the pharmacology of acute and prophylactic agents is presented, along with an evidence-based review of pharmacologic management. This includes recently developed CGRP monoclonal antibodies and non-peptide small molecule CGRP antagonists. Advances in neuromodulatory treatments, both noninvasive and implantable are also critically reviewed. Finally, specific treatment-related issues in pregnancy and lactation and childhood as well as the elderly are covered. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also explored.

Migraine Biology, Diagnosis, and Co-Morbidities, Volume 198 covers a wide range of issues related to migraine. The epidemiology, global, and personal impacts of migraine are covered, including topics on the pathophysiology of migraine and migraine aura, the pathophysiology of the associated symptoms of photophobia and phonophobia, and the genetics of migraine. The classification and diagnostic criteria of common and uncommon subtypes of migraine are also explored in detail, including childhood variants. Issues related to the diagnosis and management of vestibular migraine and the co-morbid disorder of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness are also covered. Finally, the important comorbidities of migraine such as anxiety, depression and other forms of chronic pain are discussed, along with the current state and future directions of migraine research and management.

Interoperative Monitoring, Volume 186 provides a concise overview of advances in interoperative monitoring targeted for clinical neurologists. It identifies techniques (EEG, ECoG, EMG, etc.), optimal anesthesia for use, safety issues to be considered, and then discusses advances as they relate to intracranial, spinal, peripheral nerve and vascular surgery. Best practices and case studies are included for all chapters as well as surgical microscope views, illustrations, and medical imaging.

Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Part Two, Volume 193  in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology deals with the "How" in the reconfiguration of our approach to slow accelerated brain aging. The book rethinks  animal models on which therapies are tested, outlines the progress and expected changes in biological subtyping efforts using lysosomal, endosomal, mitochondrial, immune dysregulation, and inflammatory mechanisms of disease pathophysiology, and the growing role of microbiome in shaping disease. The volume separates the potentially disease-modifying neurorescue and neurorestoration, (e.g., gene therapy and cell replacement therapy) from true precision "medicine"-matching biology with the mechanism of intervention of interest. Specific chapters are dedicated to the promise and challenges of extracellular vesicles for both diagnosis and treatment, the growing application of digital measures and other evaluations of clinical response, the nuts and bolts of novel adaptive clinical trial designs, and the regulatory changes needed to facilitate drug development for disease-modification purposes.

Neuropalliative Care, Part Two, Volume 191 covers a type of care that is given when there is no cure for the neurological disorder and the patient is in distress. It provides a scholarly background of neuropalliative care, from historic underpinnings to its practice in various geographical regions, along with best practices for specific neurological disorders. It covers the work of multi or interdisciplinary teams whose care is intended to make the patient as comfortable as possible and includes partners and families in treatment plans.

Mitochondrial Diseases, Volume 194 presents the most common clinical manifestations, providing an up-to-date summaries on the clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, genetic counseling and treatment options in mitochondrial diseases. Contents include specialist biochemical analyses and targeted molecular genetic testing, as well as first-line genome-wide sequencing to accelerate speed of diagnosis while avoiding time-consuming, expensive and invasive investigations. Establishing a genetic diagnosis allows patients with mitochondrial diseases to have reproductive options, all of which are covered within.This book is intended for neurologists to help them recognize and manage patients with mitochondrial diseases.

Aphasia, Volume 185 covers important advances in our understanding of how language is processed in the brain and how lesions or degeneration in the left hemisphere affect language processing. This new release reviews research regarding how language recovers from brain injury, along with new interventions developed to enhance recovery, including language rehabilitation, noninvasive brain stimulation and medications. Sections cover neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of language networks, focus on mechanisms of recovery (and decline) of language, and include chapters on intervention, including recently developed behavioral therapies, brain stimulation, medications, and a review of studies of treatment for both post-stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia.

Neuroplasticity: From Bench to Bedside, Volume 184 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary guide to neuroplasticity. Sections summarize the basic mechanisms of neuroplasticity, focus on neuroplasticity in movement disorders, discuss brain oscillations in neurological disorders, segue into plasticity in neurorehabilitation, and cover issues of inflammation and autoimmunity in neuroplasticity. The book concludes with a section on neuroplasticity and psychiatric disorders.

The Hypothalamus is an important area of the brain for understanding a variety of neurological disorders. This volume summarizes for readers the anatomy and physiology of the middle and posterior hypothalamus, to better understand pathology and treatment of hypothalamus related disorders. In addition to anatomy and physiology in humans, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture in rodents is provided. The volume explores the role of the hypothalamus in disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood, as well as its role in sexual behavior and gender identity. Coverage includes how Parkinson¿s, Alzheimer¿s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus.

The Hypothalamus is an important area of the brain for understanding a variety of neurological disorders. This volume summarizes for readers the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus, to better understand pathology and treatment of hypothalamus related disorders. In addition to anatomy and physiology in humans, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture in rodents is provided. The volume explores the role of the hypothalamus in disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood, as well as its role in sexual behavior and gender identity. Coverage includes how Parkinson¿s, Alzheimer¿s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus.

Interventional Neuroradiology, Volume 179, provides a basic outline of the field of interventional neuroradiology that is accessible to fellows, residents, clinicians and researchers in various disciplines, from diagnostic and interventional radiology to vascular neurology, general and vascular neurosurgery, and vascular biology. This volume offers a timely update to experienced clinical practitioners in a logical, easy-to-follow format. Content includes neurovascular anatomy, vascular biology, neurovascular physiology, vascular imaging, as well as sections on the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of neurovascular disease. Explores the general scope of current clinical interventional neuroradiology, both for endovascular and percutaneous image-guided diagnosis and interventions in a variety of pathologiesDefines basic physiological principles (e.g., cerebral perfusion pressure, intracranial pressure, vasospasm, tissue osmolality) with reference to those most essential to the management of neurovascular diseasesDiscusses pathophysiology and the unique challenges of pediatric cerebrovascular diseases, as well as endovascular and surgical therapies

The neurology of sex and bladder disorders requires specialized knowledge and represents a challenge for clinical neurologists focused on the neurological condition. This title provides tutorial reference to the science, diagnosis and treatment of sex and bladder disorders from a neurologic perspective.

The Handbook of Clinical Neurology volumes on Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) provide the reader with an updated review of emerging approaches to TBI research, clinical management and patient rehabilitation. Chapters in Part II offer coverage of clinical sequelae and long-term outcome, brain plasticity and long-term risks, and clinical trials.  Contemporary investigations on blast injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy are presented, making this state-of-the-art volume a must have for clinicians and researchers concerned with the clinical management, or investigation, of TBI. Internationally renowned scientists describe cutting edge research on the neurobiological response to traumatic brain injury, including complications to movement, mood, cognition and moreExplores cellular/molecular and genetic factors contributing to plasticity Presents up-to-date expert recommendation for clinical trials and issues related to effective rehabilitationNew findings are included on the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury that may impact aging and lead to dementia

The neuroscience of the human auditory system is a dynamic area of basic research with dramatic clinical application. This volume provides a comprehensive and focused reference on the neuroscience of hearing and the associated neurological diagnosis and treatment of auditory disorders.

Suitable for clinicians and researchers, this reference summarizes clinical features and management of many neurological manifestations of sleep disorders. It also offers the research, information, and laboratory techniques on topics such as sleep-wake-dependent genes, the role of sleep duration in mortality and morbidity, and more.

Offers information on the technological advancements that have occurred in neuroimaging, thus furthering diagnostic and treatment modalities. This title includes philosophical and ethical implications involving the relationship between clinicians and patients with impaired levels of consciousness.

Provides an understanding of developments and advancements in the study of ataxic disorders. This book gives clinicians a reference for the management of the many etiologies and neurological manifestations of ataxic disorders.

The Cerebellum: Disorders and Treatment, Volume 155 updates readers on the latest and clinically relevant advances in the study of cerebellar diseases in children and adults. It is organized into sections detailing: (1) Disorders (starting from the fetal cerebellum, to adult cerebellum) encountered during daily practice, and (2) Therapy (including insights into innovative drug and rehabilitative approaches). The book''s innovative structure discusses cerebellar disorders in children and adults as a continuum, with its companion volume, The Cerebellum: From Embryology to Diagnostic Investigations detailing embryology, anatomy, function and diagnostic investigations and neuroimaging, including conventional sequences, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and connectivity studies. Provides an in-depth understanding of the cerebellum and its involvement in a wide variety of diseasesExplores long-term outcome data of pediatric cerebellar diseases and potential problems in adult life for patients with pediatric cerebellar diseasesFeatures chapters co-authored by two experts, combining expertise in both pediatric and adult cerebellar diseases

The Cerebellum: From Embryology to Diagnostic Investigations, Volume 154 is designed to update the reader on the latest and clinically relevant advances in the study of cerebellar diseases in children and adults. It is organized into sections detailing: (1) Embryology, Anatomy and Function, and (2) Diagnostic investigations: Neuroimaging, and includes content on conventional sequences, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and connectivity studies. Its companion volume, The Cerebellum: Disorders and Treatment, describes disorders (starting from the fetal cerebellum, to adult cerebellum) encountered during daily practice and therapy (including insights into innovative drug and rehabilitative approaches to treat children and adults with cerebellar disorders). Provides an in-depth understanding of the cerebellum and its involvement in a wide variety of diseasesExplores the long-term outcome data of pediatric cerebellar diseases and potential problems in adult life for patients with pediatric cerebellar diseasesFeatures chapters co-authored by two experts, combining expertise in both pediatric and adult cerebellar diseases

Offers an account of the human hypothalamus. The human hypothalamus is a complex structure and consists of a large number of very different functional units (nuclei) that are not included in the standard neuropathological investigation of the human brain.

Brain-Computer Interfacing, Volume 168, not only gives readers a clear understanding of what BCI science is currently offering, but also describes future expectations for restoring lost brain function in patients. In-depth technological chapters are aimed at those interested in BCI technologies and the nature of brain signals, while more comprehensive summaries are provided in the more applied chapters. Readers will be able to grasp BCI concepts, understand what needs the technologies can meet, and provide an informed opinion on BCI science.

Cingulate Cortex, Volume 166 summarizes research on the cingulate cortex, including its structure and function in health and how it is compromised in disease or trauma. Chapters discuss the cingulate organization by region and area, cover its function in consciousness, attention, social cognition and spatial orientation, review neurological disorders with cingulate involvement, including neurodegenerative disorders, movement disorders, Parkinson''s, ADHD, Cognitive impairment, Palsy, Tourette''s Syndrome, chronic pain, seizures, and more. Final sections discuss the relationship between the cingulate cortex, stress and psychiatric disorders. Coverage here includes PTSD, anxiety, depression, and evidence-based treatment for same. Identifies the structure and function of all areas and regions of the cingulate cortexDiscusses its role in sensory-motor, cognitive and emotional processingCovers cingulate-mediated neurological and psychiatric disordersSupplies evidence-based treatment for cingulate mediated disorders

Psychopharmacology of Neurologic Disease, Volume 165 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides clinicians with an up-to-date, critical review of the best approaches to treatment of neurologic disease as discussed by experienced clinical investigators. The book is organized into sections on dementia, delirium, movement disorders, hereditary degenerative disease, epilepsy and psychogenic seizures, brain vascular disease, pseudobulbar affect, traumatic brain injury, neuro-oncology, multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia, pain, headache, sleep disorders, autoimmune encephalitis/anti- NMDA encephalitis, functional sensory neurologic symptom disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. Each of these diagnostic categories has a significant incidence of behavioral symptomatology that is secondary to the neurologic diagnosis that can serve to complicate other therapeutic interventions, alter the course of illness, and cause distress in patients and family caregivers. Provides a systematic, evidence-based compendium of best practices in the treatment of behavioral symptomatology relating to neurologic conditionsIntegrates state-of-the-art approaches in treating all behavioral symptomatology across all major neurologic disordersExplores psychopharmacological intervention, non-pharmacological strategies, behavioral symptomatology, and therapeutic interventions

Sports Neurology is designed to be a comprehensive overview of neurology within the context of sports medicine. This definitive text addresses the history of sports neurology, including its unique role within sports medicine, and provides a detailed assessment of central and peripheral nervous system injuries and illnesses in athletes. Sports Neurology is a critical companion for all sports medicine clinicians and for neurologists who manage athletes. Provides an introduction and overview of concussion in sport, discussing the epidemiology, biomechanics and pathophysiology of concussion, as well as considerations for sideline evaluation and emergency room diagnosis and managementExplores the long-term consequences of concussion and repetitive head impacts and the relationship with neurodegenerationOffers an overview of mild, moderate and severe brain injury classification; compares moderate and severe traumatic brain injury within the context of civilian, military and sports circumstancesDescribes key issues for the evaluation and treatment of cervical spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, and sports-related painProvides an overview of neuroepidemiology and the importance of obtaining meaningful sport-related neuroepidemiologic data that will ultimately provide the foundation for making data-driven decisions for central and peripheral nervous system injuries in sport

Balance, Gait, and Falls, Volume 159 presents the latest information on sensorimotor anatomy, sensory integration, gravity and verticality, standing balance, balance perturbations, voluntary stepping and gait initiation, gait and gait adaptability, disorders of balance and gait that result from aging and neurological diseases. The book provides a brief overview of age-related changes in the structure and function of sensorimotor and central processes, with sections specifically devoted to Parkinson''s disease, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, stroke, corticobasal degeneration, multiple sclerosis, Huntington''s disease, dystonia, tremor, Alzheimer''s disease, frontotemporal dementia, cerebral palsy, polio, motor neuron disease, brainstem lesions, spinal lesions, peripheral nerve disease, and psychogenic conditions. Diseases covered have a common structure comprising background and epidemiology, pathology, balance disorders, gait disorders, falls, therapies (including fall prevention), and future directions. Covers all aspects of basic and clinical research on disorders of balance and gait in neurological diseasePresents a multidisciplinary review of balance and gait physiology, the epidemiology and natural history of balance and gait impairments in aging, and a broad range of neurological diseasesAddresses impairments of balance and gait for basic and clinical researchers in neuroscience, human movement science, physiotherapy and exercise physiology