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This book presents high-quality peer-reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2022 (ICoBiomasSE 2022) organized by the Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. The theme of the conference ¿Emerging Technology for Future Sustainability¿ is chosen in view of the current revolution and rapid developments in the field of biomass innovation towards sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into five parts: (1) sustainable biomass resources for decarbonizing the economy, (2) biomass conversion technologies for bioenergy and biofuels, (3) biomass conversion to intermediates and products, (4) bioeconomy sustainability, impacts and policies and (5) bioenergy integration. It provides a platform for students, professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers and industries working in the areas of biomass utilization and sustainable energy to solve long-standing environmental issues for a healthier planet.¿

This book presents an overview of geothermal heating systems using ground source heat pumps in different countries. It evaluates the emissions and energy costs generated by the operation of low enthalpy geothermal systems, with heat pumps fed by different energy sources, and assesses, from an international point of view, those policies whose aim is a sustainable, low-carbon economy.The use of low-impact energy sources is gradually growing with the aim of reducing greenhouse gases emission and air pollution. The alternatives offered by geothermal systems are one of the key solutions for a future renewable development, enabling the electrification of heating systems and the use of biofuels.The book will be of interest to energy professionals and researchers.

This book presents selected papers from the 8th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER 2022), providing coverage encompassing advanced conventional energy technology, renewable and non-conventional energy technology, electric mobility, energy storage, energy, environment and society, industry innovations in energy, sector-coupled energy system, and energy education. The contents of this book are of use to researchers from not only scientific background, but also economics and anthropology. It encourages researchers to conduct research on the ways to assess and analyse the acceptance of the novel energy forms among the mass population from a financial and social perspective.

The future of the distributed energy generation market is promising, with opportunities in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors driven by increasing awareness of clean energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, and rising global demand for energy. This book focuses on UN Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." It provides research results, applications, and case studies on the potential of distributed energy resources as a solution to building a low-carbon society. Coverage includes modeling and evaluation of distributed power systems, system maintenance and reliability, economic potential and implications of hydrogen energy systems, grid stabilization and carbon emission reduction, smart design, and the impact of energy penetration on public power grids. Case studies include the effects of renewable energy policies on solar photovoltaic energy in China, Germany, Japan, and the United States of America and a feasibility assessment of distributed energy systems in Shanghai. Distributed Energy Resources: Solutions for a Low Carbon Society will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in energy systems, urban energy management, and renewable energy technologies and a reference guide for practicing engineers, urban energy planners, and energy system managers.

The 2022 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration on ideas and dialogue around climate change solutions through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

This textbook is a comprehensive review of many different areas in solar-pumped lasers design and characterization. It enables readers to develop their skills in general solid-state laser design and solar collector design and provides numerous solved exercises at the end of each chapter to further this development. This book begins by introducing the brief history of solar-pumped laser and its potential applications. It explains the basic theories of imaging and non-imaging primary, secondary, and tertiary solar concentrators. It discusses solar-pumped solid-state laser theory and solar-to-laser power conversion efficiencies. There are chapters dedicated to ZEMAX and LASCAD numerical simulation tools, to help develop readers¿ skills in innovative solid-state laser design. This book is one of the first books to relate concentrated solar energy technologies to solid-state laser technologies and is therefore of interest to students, academics, engineers, and laser and optical system designers.

This book presents advanced theoretical and technological findings in electric and hybrid vehicle applications. It covers numerous emerging technologies in this field such as new electric machine topology, new control algorithms, new power converter designs, sophisticated energy managements, improved charging processes, new energy storage technologies and sources, wireless power transfer technologies. The book caters to not only researchers and educators in the field, but also other readers who are interested in new concepts in electric and hybrid vehicular technologies.

This book describes how comfort, energy and climate change in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population relate to buildings.The building sector is currently facing significant challenges connected to energy consumption, energy poverty and climate change effects. When studied in developing countries and vulnerable sectors of the population, these factors, which are commonplace in the tropics and the southern hemisphere, are interlinked and share a critical component: environmental comfort. Although progress has been made in environmental comfort through research and the development of standards and policies at the international level, in the Global South, where the countries with the highest levels of income inequality are concentrated, environmental comfort has its own characteristics and challenges that prevent a clear understanding from the established vision of the Global North.This book presents research, theories and techniques related to Thermal comfort, Indoor air quality, Visual comfort, and Acoustic comfort and its relationship with energy use and energy efficiency, seeking to address different barriers to environmental comfort. It shows how to improve the way buildings are designed and operated to promote healthier environmental conditions and more sustainable construction, by presenting studies and reflections carried out in the target geographical area: the Global South. In this way, this book contributes to developing the concept of environmental comfort, visualising how progress has been made in understanding it from a tropical and southern perspective, and posing common challenges.The book is intended for engineers, architects, and researchers of the built environment who are interested in environmental comfort and its influence on energy consumption, energy poverty, and other related factors in the Global South context. It is also a useful resource for decision-makers and public policy developers concerned with the indoor comfort of buildings. Moreover, the book aims to provide guidance for those in developing countries by gathering existing knowledge in the field for the tropics and southern hemisphere climatic and sociocultural contexts, allowing us to move forward in this subject with actions and proposed solutions that fit our particular needs.

This book explores the role of renewable energy sources in driving sustainable development, with a focus on their circular use in achieving environmental efficiency and an energy balance. The authors highlights the significance of renewable energy in reducing costs for producers and consumers while also ensuring the production of clean energy that can be integrated seamlessly into the national power grid without compromising reliability or energy security.Readers are introduced to the circular economy model and its importance in the context of renewable energy. The book sheds light on the challenges associated with transitioning to alternative energy systems, particularly in cases where not all resources can be fully circulated. Through the research presented in this book, stakeholders will gain insights into how the sustainable renewable energy supply chain can be adapted within the circular economy. This will have a synergistic effect in reducing carbonemissions, and also aid in the production of renewable energy equipment.

This book systematically discusses state-of-the-art dew-point evaporative cooling and provides key insights into current research efforts and future research interests. Novel energy-efficient and environment-friendly cooling technologies are essential to reduce the sharply rising energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. Conventional air-conditioners which adopt a vapor compression cycle are neither energy-efficient nor sustainable due to the use of compressors and chemical refrigerants, as well as their intrinsic coupling of sensible and latent cooling loads. With the merits of high energy efficiency and the ability to decouple cooling loads without using chemical refrigerants, indirect dew-point evaporative cooling provides an ideal alternative solution to air conditioning in a variety of applications. A comprehensive review of evaporative cooling and their underlying engineering challenges is included. Advanced engineering andmodeling experience critical to the development of dew-point evaporative coolers are highlighted. The effective analysis techniques for dew-point evaporative coolers are documented, and their intrinsic characteristics captured by these methods are reported. Lastly, advanced dew-point evaporative cooling systems in various energy-connected applications are discussed by providing multiple case studies. Specifically targeted at HVAC engineers, thermal scientists, and energy-engineering researchers, this book will balance fundamental concepts, industrial applications, and leading-edge research. As this book provides readers with depth and breadth of coverage, it can also be used by graduate-level students in relevant fields.

This book offers a unique treatment of building insulating products and the integration of these products with building components. This book was written for all those involved in building design, specification, construction, and commissioning, providing them with an understanding of and appreciation for the wide variety of thermal insulation products and technologies available for use in all types of buildings. The book proceeds from basic definitions and discussion of heat-transfer topics and thermal insulation concepts, to the design and use of these products. The impact of thermal insulation on dynamic building performance, including factors other than heating and cooling, is also discussed.The book does not require an advanced mathematical background. The authors provide sufficient information to provide a qualitative understanding, with more mathematical sections included for those interested in modeling and analysis. The basic physics associated with heat transfer in buildings are presented, along with the steady-state and transient analysis techniques needed for the effective implementation of thermal insulation and assemblies.Modern building design involves the integration of comfort, safety, economics, durability and cost considerations, all of which impact the selection and use of thermal insulation materials in buildings. In addition to theoretical explanations of the underlying science, the book details the properties and application of new thermal insulation materials, including vacuum panels, gas-filled panels, aerogels, phase-change materials, and radiation control technologies.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and building engineers wishing to understand the latest technologies and materials available, so as to achieve reduced energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings.

This textbook provides in-depth treatment of all systems associated with wind energy, including the aerodynamic and structural aspects of blade design, the flow of energy and loads through the wind turbine, the electrical components and power electronics including control systems. It explains the importance of wind resource assessment techniques, site evaluation and ecology and describes the integration of wind farms into the electrical grid. The reader will also become familiar with the offshore technology, the youngest and most promising aspect of wind energy. The completely revised and updated new edition provides new sections on fatigue design, analytical models for structural analysis and topology optimization. The book is written by experts in research, teaching and industry. It conveys the importance of wind energy in the international energy policy debate and offers clear insight into the subject for all students learning about wind engineering. Problemswith solutions are perfect for self-study. It is also an authoritative resource for engineers designing and developing wind energy systems, energy policy-makers and economists in the renewable energy sector.The translation of some chapters was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book covers cutting edge advancements on self-powered Internet of Things, where sensing devices can be energy-positive while capturing context from the physical world. It provides new mechanisms for activity recognition without the need of conventional inertial sensors, which demand significant energy during their operation and thus quickly deplete the batteries of internet-of-things (IoT) devices. The book offers new solutions by employing energy harvesters as activity sensors as well as power sources to enable the autonomous and self-powered operation of IoT devices without the need of human intervention. It provides useful content for graduate students as well as researchers to understand the nascent technologies of human activity, fitness and health monitoring using autonomous sensors. In particular, this book is very useful for people working on pervasive computing, activity recognition, wearable IoT, fitness/healthcare and autonomous systems.This book covers a broad range of topics related to self-powered activity recognition. The main topics of this book include wearables, IoT, energy harvesting, energy harvesters as sensors, activity recognition and self-powered operation of IoT devices. This book starts with the introduction of wearable IoT devices and activity recognition and then highlights the conventional activity recognition mechanisms. After that, it describes the use of energy harvesters to power the IoT devices. Later, it explores the use of various energy harvesters as activity sensors. It also proposes the use of energy harvesters as simultaneous source of energy and context information and defines the emerging concept of energy-positive sensing compared to conventional energy-negative sensing. Finally, it explores sensor/signal fusion to enhance the performance using multiple energy harvesters and charts a way forward for future research in this area. This book covers all important and emerging topics that have significance in the design and implementation of autonomous wearable IoT devices. We believe that this book will lay the foundation for designing self-powered IoT devices which can ultimately replace the conventional wearable IoT devices which need regular recharging and replacement.

This book explores the potential of hydrogen combustion in thermal engines and serves as a foundation for future research.Hydrogen, a well-established energy carrier, has been used in internal combustion engines for centuries, but despite progress and industry interest, hydrogen engines have yet to reach mass production. In light of recent efforts to combat climate change with clean energy and environmentally-friendly technologies, the use of hydrogen in thermal engines is gaining momentum.This book examines the unique challenges of hydrogen combustion due to its wide flammability limits, high auto-ignition temperature, and high diffusivity. It reviews current knowledge on the fundamental and practical aspects of hydrogen combustion and considers current developments and potential future advancement.

This book covers the current, state-of-the-art knowledge, fundamental mechanisms, design strategies, and future challenges in electrochemical energy storage devices using polymeric materials. It looks into the fundamentals and working principles of electrochemical energy devices such as supercapacitors and batteries and explores new approaches for the synthesis of polymeric materials and their composites to broaden the vision for researchers to explore advanced materials for electrochemical energy applications. All the chapters are written by leading experts in these areas making it suitable as a reference for students as well as provide new directions to researchers and scientists working in polymers, energy, and nanotechnology.

This book is a state-of-the-art review on recent advances in flow cells for electrochemical energy systems. The book includes an introduction to flow cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, photocatalytic fuel cells, organic flow batteries, redox flow batteries, microfluidic flow cells, as well as electrolysis cells for CO2 and nitrogen reduction. The book provides an essential reference for professors, researchers, and policymakers globally in academia, industry, and government.

This book examines different energy storage technologies, empowering the reader to make informed decisions on which system is best suited for their specific needs.Decarbonization is a crucial step towards a sustainable future, and renewable energy plays a vital role in making this transition possible. However, the intermittency of some sources such as wind and solar energy requires the use of energy storage systems. The book contains a detailed study of the fundamental principles of energy storage operation, a mathematical model for real-time state-of-charge analysis, and a technical analysis of the latest research trends, providing a comprehensive guide to energy storage systems.From battery storage systems to hydrogen storage systems, this book provides the tools to effectively manage energy and ensure that excess energy is utilized during times of deficit and signposts the likely future development and lines of research enquiry for each technology discussed. The book is of interest to researchers and professionals in energy, and engineers interested in the transition to more sustainable energy systems.

Transportation electrification, particularly using electric vehicles (EV), has been widely suggested to mitigate global warming and energy security issues due to their economic and environmental benefits. Environmentalists are advertising EV use, and governments are implementing financial incentives to expedite the transition from conventional vehicles to electric ones to achieve energy security and climate change mitigation goals. At the same time, EVs are becoming more affordable as their battery prices decrease. It has been predicted that EV sales will soon surpass gasoline and diesel vehicle sales. Therefore, EVs will be one of the significant electricity customers in the future. This fact hints that the uncontrolled charging and discharging of large numbers of EVs can put power systems at risk. Hence, optimal planning and operation of EVs is not only necessary but beneficial. This collection covers recent research advancements in the planning and operation of EVs in smart grids. Aglobal group of researchers and scholars present innovative approaches while covering the theoretical and experimental aspects.

This book provides lucid and instructive information about waste biomass, its potential, and the methods employed in energy generation. Topics covered include the basic principles, applications, recent advances, and the technical and economic considerations of waste-to-energy (WTE) technology. It highlights and elucidates essential concepts, mechanisms, applications, and useful outcomes of WTE technologies. In addition, it also provides a few example problems with design data for energy generation from waste biomass which will help the readers to understand the basics of WTE technologies. The book is structured with an overview at the start of each chapter presenting an outline of its content and a list of relevant discussions targeted toward readers. To illustrate the types of waste biomass, principles, and process of various thermal and biochemical process technologies, over 90 illustrations including graphs, diagrams, and photographs are provided. To help the readers improve their knowledge of the subject and to increase the utility of this book, the characteristics of waste biomass, operation conditions of different processes, and global status of WTE technologies are provided in tabular format. For that purpose, over 50 tables are provided. Selected references are also provided for this book. This book is primarily intended for researchers and professionals working in the area of bioenergy. It can also be used as a primary or secondary text for graduate courses and professional training programs.

This book focuses on up-to-date progress on the current status of technology and progress in climate action and hydrogen energy in India. It includes contributions from leading experts, and covers emerging topics such as issues & challenges in moving toward hydrogen economy, green hydrogen production technologies, hydrogen production from liquid hydrogen carriers, policy perspectives on hydrogen as energy source of the future, hybrid approaches for solar hydrogen, among others. This book is of interest to those working in academia, industry and policymakers in the field of energy.

This book looks deeply into the prospects for using ethanol as a greener alternative to fossil fuels and the technical and scientific issues that surround them. Ethanol, with its numerous advantages, has emerged as a promising contender to replace gasoline as a fuel source. Currently, it is commercially available as a blend with gasoline, commonly known as E10 and E25, utilizing various ratios of ethanol. Despite its clear benefits over gasoline, the widespread adoption of ethanol as a fuel remains hindered by its limited availability. In this insightful book, we aim to explore the multifaceted challenges surrounding ethanol's full integration into our energy landscape, employing a comprehensive approach through review manuscripts. Leading worldwide experts, known for their deep understanding of ethanol as a fuel, have contributed to the book. Their valuable insights and contributions enrich the book's content, offering readersa comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. This book is a compelling resource for researchers, energy professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline.

This book describes improvements to the electronics topology of current modular reconfigurable storages by integrating parallel connectivity, reducing the semiconductor count by eliminating irrelevant states, and improving the monitoring techniques through higher function integration. The author also discusses each topology's main advantages and disadvantages at the micro and macro levels. Moreover, the presented modeling of modular reconfigurable storage systems with different storages helps in better understanding the dynamics of the system.The book establishes novel optimum or near-optimum methods for exploiting the DOF (degrees of freedom) to achieve higher efficiency, more function integration, better balancing, or output quality. Additionally, through a detailed analysis of different modulation techniques, this book presents novel modulation methods, enhances the state-of-the-art, or in some cases, simplifies the complexity of implementation.The concept of interconnected multi-port systems through integrating novel modulation techniques and the acquired understanding of the behavior of modular dynamically reconfigurable storages is explained. The presented concepts can significantly reduce the number of energy conversion stages as well as the final footprint of the system, reduce the number of required controlled semiconductors, and save costs. It also presents novel monitoring techniques based on estimators that can significantly reduce the number of required sensors and the required data-communication bandwidth.

This book is a must-read for those interested in the aging phenomenon of materials used in new energy systems, such as photovoltaic and electric vehicles. It provides a fundamental framework for this topic and important basic data and references for insulation materials used in these systems. It covers the aging of photovoltaic systems installed in different environments, including space, as well as the aging of the discharge present in the drive motors of electric vehicles. This book is suitable for researchers and students interested in green energy systems and can be used for teaching, research, and science popularization.

This book discusses topics such as solar energy, heat transfer, solar cell and photovoltaic module, greenhouse-integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system for agriculture and aquaculture, GiSPVT solar dryer, and PVT water and air collector for water heating, air heating, biogas heating and swimming pool heating, etc. The book also discusses energy matrices, including EPBT, EPF, and LCCE. It includes pedagogical elements such as exercises, tables, and figures including problems and objective questions at the end of each chapter. Further, it includes the unit conversion from FPS system to SI unit of each parameter, namely length, energy, power, velocity, pressure force, etc., and some standard constants used in examples. Quasi steady state and periodic modeling of PVT technology described in the book is a useful reference for students, researchers, and academicians to design solar energy-based technology.

This book discusses power electronics, signal processing and communication systems applications in smart grids (SG). Smart grids can be considered an evolution of the classic energy model to allow a more efficient management of the relationship between supply and demand, in order to overcome the contingency problems of the modern world. To achieve their goals, they use advanced technologies of information and communication, power electronics and signal processing, and can be used to integrate renewable energy sources.The book is divided into two main parts. The first part presents the application of power electronics technologies in renewable energy systems, while the second part presents some telecommunications, signal processing and energy capture technologies within the context of SGs. The chapters are written by invited expert authors, according to their research areas.

This book comprehensively describes the operating principles and theoretical foundations of solar chimneys. It covers current research results, including numerical analysis and mathematical models based on different assumptions. Complying with the application of renewable energy in sustainable buildings, solar chimney has received extensive attention as an indispensable part natural ventilation. This book is a guide to the application of solar chimneys from single zones to multi zones, and it provides a reference source of application for construction practitioners and engineering decision-makers. The design basis and the related basic principles of fluid mechanics and natural ventilation design strategies introduced in this book will also be beneficial to college students.