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Explores innovations in the production of rare earths that would be more sustainable Rare earth elements are used in many modern technologies including electronics, clean energy, defense, aerospace, and automotive. It is important that increasing demand is met in ways that are more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable than in the past. Rare Earth Elements: Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification describes sources of rare earths and methods of production that have the potential to make recovery, processing, and purification more sustainable. Volume highlights include: Global overview of rare earth production, reserves, and resources Improvements in the recovery process to reduce costs and environmental impacts Potential new sources of rare earths that were not previously technically feasible Options for recovery of rare earths as byproducts of other activities Contributions from experts in academia, industry, government, research, and non-profit organizations The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes.Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers.Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function.Volume highlights include:* Overview of carbon storage in the landscape* Introduction to wetland management practices* Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands* Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss* Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes* Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands* Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contributeThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Muography Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles Hidden out of sight in Earth's subsurface are a range of geophysical structures, processes, and material movements. Muography is a passive and non-destructive remote sensing technique that visualizes the internal structure of solid geological structures at high resolution, similar in process to X-ray radiography of human bodies. Muography: Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles explores the application of this imaging technique in the geosciences and how it can complement conventional geophysical observations. Volume highlights include: Principles of muography and pioneering works in the field Different approaches for muographic image processing Observing volcanic structures and activity with muography Using muography for geophysical exploration and mining engineering Potential environmental applications of muography Latest technological developments in muography The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Non-seismic events (NSE) include all seismic events non-associated with tectonic movements along a fault or active seismic sources. A vast variety of different signals are routinely recorded at sea, for example, gas migration within the shallow sediments and gas emission from the seafloor in hydrothermal vents, pockmarks and mud volcanoes; volcanic tremors; tides and other ambient noise; anthropogenic noise; military tracking and marine mammal calls. The waveforms of these signals are recognizably different from earthquakes but the lack of a waveform database for the classification of non-tectonic seismic events makes it challenging to detect and study these events. Monitoring Seismic and Acoustic Waves at Sea describes the non-tectonic related seismic signals, show examples of their waveforms, discuss the methodologies allowing to detect and study them, outline their impact and the remaining questions and establish a nomenclature for scientists working on these events, to ease future communications. Studies show examples where NSE's are used for gaining new knowledge in multiple domains of sciences. Volcanic tremors are studied to track the magma movements and used as a successful early warning system to mitigate the volcanic hazard for years. Whale calls recorded on seismic stations are used to track whales and study their habit changes connected to environmental changes. Ambient seismic noise is used to infer the seafloor physical properties. Monochromatic short duration events are suggested to be the expression of fluid migration within the shallow sediments, and they are used for the quantification of local seafloor Methane emission. Case studies show that NSE's allow gaining knowledge in processes involved in climate change. Also, they are used for geo-hazard mitigation. They, therefore, have a huge economic and societal importance. Volume highlights include: - Summary of known unconventional non-tectonic related seismic signals at sea - Methodological approaches to detect and distinguish between tectonic (earthquake, tsunamis) and non-tectonic (landslides, glaciation) seismic signals at sea - Geophysical signals mostly studied by marine seismologic techniques combined with other marine geoscience techniques - Useful contributions for marine seismologists, acousticians, geologists, ecologists, geochemists and biologists - Beneficial for industry and the military professionals discussing the monitoring methodologies exploiting these signals - Case studies from specialists of each type of geophysical signals at various depths in sea

Advanced Hydroinformatics Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources The rapid development of machine learning brings new possibilities for hydroinformatics research and practice with its ability to handle big data sets, identify patterns and anomalies in data, and provide more accurate forecasts. Advanced Hydroinformatics: Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources presents both original research and practical examples that demonstrate how machine learning can advance data analytics, accuracy of modeling and forecasting, and knowledge discovery for better water management. Volume Highlights Include: Overview of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in hydroinformatics Advances in modeling hydrological systems Different data analysis methods and models for forecasting water resources New areas of knowledge discovery and optimization based on using machine learning techniques Case studies from North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond Helicities play essential roles in numerous geophysical, astrophysical, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, thus are studied from various disciplinary viewpoints. Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond draws together experts from different research fields to present an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to helicity studies. This synthesis advances understanding of the fundamental physical processes underlying various helicity-related phenomena. Volume highlights include: Concise introduction to fundamental properties of helicities Recent developments and achievements in helicity studies Perspectives from different fields including geophysics, space physics, solar physics, plasma physics, atmospheric and nonlinear sciences A cohesive mathematical, physical, observational, experimental, and numerical strategy for helicity studies A synthesized framework for the application of helicity to real-world problems The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Compressional TectonicsA synthesis of current knowledge on collisional and convergent plate boundaries worldwideMajor mountain belts on Earth, such as the Alps, Himalayas, and Appalachians, have been built by compressional tectonic processes during continent-continent and arc-continent collisions. Understanding their formation and evolution is important because of the hazards associated with convergent and collisional plate boundaries, and because these mountain belts contain resources such as precious metals, rare earth elements, oil, gas, and coal.Compressional Tectonics: Plate Convergence to Mountain Building reviews our present-day knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan and Appalachian belts.Volume highlights include:* Overview of terminology relating to compressional and contractional tectonics* Discussion of subduction zone dynamics* Debates over the timing of the collision and convergence of particular subduction and suture zones* Examples of the different stages in the development of orogenic beltsThis book is one of a set of three in the collection Tectonic Processes: A Global View.The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.