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This book outlines the latest research on the design and fabrication of the biomaterials used in mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering for maxillofacial and orthopedic applications. The book is written based on integration and optimized concepts of 3 main parts 1) principle of tissue engineering; 2) mimicking of structure and function of scaffolds which is similar to extracellular matrix (ECM); and 3) mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering in maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery. The content of this book which is interdisciplinary in nature caters to medical product designers, materials scientists and engineers, biologists, and surgeons who have interest in the field of bone tissue engineering.

This book addresses the recent trends in high-temperature coatings that are used to provide oxidation and wear resistance to metallic/ceramic components in extreme environments. Ceramics, intermetallics, organosilicon polymers, cermets, and other materials with great thermal stability have long been recognized for these applications. This book introduces the state of the art in coating materials and processes for high-temperature environments and identifies areas for improvement in materials selection, performance upgrades, design considerations, and manufacturing methods. The book covers a variety of high-temperature coatings prepared through various synthesis processes such as thermal spraying, physical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and sol¿gel methods. It covers corrosion/oxidation, phase stability, and thermal and mechanical behavior of high-temperature coating materials having greater thermal stability.With contributions from international researchers active in the field, this edited book features the most recent and up-to-date literature references for a broad readership consisting of academic and industrial professionals. It is suitable for graduate students as well as scientists and engineers working in the area of anti-corrosion and anti-wear resistant high-temperature coatings for industrial applications.

This book highlights the latest advances in advanced insulating materials. Energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major themes currently faced by the human society. It is of unprecedented strategic importance to construct a strong smart grid with super/ultra-high voltage network as the backbone and clean energy transmission as the leading force. However, the performance of electrical equipment and devices is greatly determined by the properties of their insulating materials, especially when they have to work in extreme circumstances including high-temperature differences, intense radiation, and strong electric fields. The key advantage of polymers is that their properties could be adjusted by changing their chemical composition and molecular structure. Research on polymer insulating materials has been highly successful as progress has been made in characterizing these properties, designing molecular structures, and studying polymers¿ specialized properties. On the other hand, nanodielectrics are prepared by adding certain nanoscale fillers into a polymer matrix to yield better electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. When the particle pretreatment methods and the content or category of fillers are adjusted, nanodielectrics tend to have greater breakdown strength as well as better high-temperature resistance and space charge suppression. Therefore, this book covers investigations of properties of insulating materials that explore their interface effects and composite structures and introduces findings in methods that improve the performance of electrical devices. The book is not only used as a timely reference for engineering and technical personnel in related fields but also as a comprehensive textbook for college students.

This book offers a roadmap to the future, addressing pressing challenges such as energy sustainability, environmental preservation, and advancements in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. From the exploration of novel perovskite materials for environmental NO reduction to the development of game-changing biotechnological strategies for simultaneous CO2 capture and H2S conversion, this book spans a diverse range of topics. The content dives into the realms of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and state-of-the-art photovoltaic solar cells. The chapters explore the potential of psychedelic substances for treating mental disorders and the use of computational tools in pesticide development. Moreover, the reader can uncover the secrets of copaiba tree oil-resin active ingredients with multifaceted medicinal properties and the application of electrical current in alcoholic fermentation. With contributions from esteemed researchers, this book offers insights into the forefront of scientific progress.

This book provides an overview of pseudocapacitive materials, including their fundamentals, synthetic methods, architectural enhancements to boost their properties, and emerging materials. It covers numerous strategies to enhance their performance, such as altering morphology, doping, introducing multivalent ions, designing devices, and utilizing emerging pseudocapacitive materials. The book also delves into fundamental approaches for fine-tuning the properties of pseudocapacitive materials and explores their applications in energy storage devices, with a specific focus on emerging pseudocapacitive materials and their utilization in energy storage devices.

Natural fiber composites are a preferred alternative to conventional composites due to their environment-friendly nature. However, their market share is limited due to: a) limited number and quantities of natural fibers available for composites, b) diversity in fibers structure, c) poor mechanical properties of fibers as well as composites, d) susceptibility to microbial attacks, and e) cellulose degradation temperature around 200 deg C, which hinders the development of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using thermoforming at high temperatures. A number of researchers have contributed to the solution of the problem of poor mechanical properties and issues related to fabrication during the last decade. This book covers these different solutions. The book is divided into two principal themes: a) structure-property relationship: fibers to composites-it includes the discussion on fibers, their surface modifications, variation in the structure of reinforcement, and approaches for the enhancement of properties. b) Fabrication process of composites-it includes the novel approaches used for the development of natural fiber composites using the commingling technique for thermoplastic composites.

This book covers Poly(vinyl chloride) Fundamentals, Fabrication and characterization of PVC based composites and nanocomposites specifically natural fibre reinforced PVC composites, carbonaceous filler reinforced PVC composites , metal oxide fled PVC composites and nanocomposites etc. This book also covers the conducting PVC composites and recent advances in nanocomposites based on PVC .The rheological, mechanical, barrier, thermal, dielectric behaviour of PVC composites and nanocomposites are discussed in details.

This book highlights a comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and strategies to improve the applicability of 2D materials like graphene, borophenes, metal nanosheets, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). It also highlights the synthesis of 2D-based hybrid composite materials and their effects on applicability, especially in energy, environment, and biomedical applications, by incorporating surface functional groups, metal/non-metal ions, and polymers. The advancement in innovative technology and use of 2D-based hybrid composite materials can improve the development of newer products/opening newer possibilities to fight existing issues related to environment, energy, and biomedical sciences. However, researchers continue to face numerous challenges in developing newer products/possibilities, large-scale production, with health and environmental impact being a challenge.This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and students working in the field of advanced materials, especially 2D-based hybrid composites.

This book compares premetered methods to self-metered processes and addresses general properties of premetered methods. It presents specific properties of slot, slide, and curtain coating. The book is divided in three parts:Part I compares premetered methods to self-metered processes. It explains the term "e;premetered,"e; which is an expression of the law of mass conservation, and discusses the physical fluid properties that are relevant for premetered processes. Furthermore, it presents in detail the various basic flow fields that make up premetered coating methods. Lastly, it introduces the concepts of wall shear stress, residence time, and hydrodynamic assist to dynamic wetting. Part II addresses general properties of premetered methods, such as the fluid conditioning and delivery systems, the nominal film thickness, and the film thickness uniformity, both in machine and cross-web directions (die design). It lists the attractive features of simultaneous multilayer applications, including an explanation of how mixing of adjacent layers can be prevented. This section concludes by revisiting examples of economic considerations.Part III presents specific properties of slot, slide, and curtain coating. It examines various topics, such as coating equipment and coating configurations, coating modes, details of the various flow fields, operating window and process limitations, and process optimization.

This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the microstructure characteristics of plant fibers and the manufacturing process, interface characteristics, mechanical behaviors and physical properties of plant fiber reinforced composites, as well as their engineering demonstration applications. Plant fibers derived from natural resources have been thrust into the global spotlight as environment-friendly materials with attractive advantages of renewability, biodegradability, high specific strength and modulus and good sound absorption and heat insulation performance, and have become promising alternative to traditional synthetic fibers in making fiber-reinforced composites with structure-function integration. This book combines the basic theory with engineering applications for highlighting the unique research method for plant fiber reinforced composites with hierarchical structure. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in natural fiber composites, and scientific researchers and engineers looking to develop the design and manufacture of green composites in the fields of aerospace, railway transportation vehicles, automotive engineering and civil infrastructures.

This book provides information on the characteristics, strategies and applications of layered materials. It sheds light on layerdness-dependent properties of Van der Waals solids for potential applications. The properties of various layered materials prepared using different experimental strategies are described. Further, the first-principles calculations are given to devise a strategy to investigate layeredness in materials. The structural, thermal, mechanical, lattice vibronic, electronic, optical and carrier transport characteristics of the layered materials are elaborated in detail. This book provides an updated source of information on layered materials for students, researchers, and professionals.

This book provides an overview of various methods of concrete reinforcement against corrosion. It consists of chapters, discussing reinforced concrete, concrete damages, causes of damages, protection, concrete maintenance, principles of corrosion, and how to conduct experiments to obtain reinforced concrete data. This book contributes to the infrastructure industry and is useful for the wider community to add insight into the field of corrosion and material damage. Reinforced concrete is a construction material that combines concrete and steel reinforcement. Thus, studying corrosion is useful for knowing when a material will break down and what will happen to the metal now and in the future. Knowing the corrosion process will prevent sudden damage, so it can provide early preparation. For this reason, knowledge is needed on how to check for damage to concrete, the process of corrosion mechanisms, corrosion prevention, methods for calculating corrosion rates, and how to maintain reinforced concrete so that it lasts longer. This book caters to researchers, administrators, academicians, policymakers, entrepreneurs, practitioners, instructors, and students who are looking to enrich their understanding of concrete reinforcement against corrosion.

This book focuses on influence of slag-steel chemical reaction on control of inclusions in Al deoxidized special steel. Readers learn about the control of inclusions in Al deoxidized special steel refined with high basicity high alumina slag. This refining slag system was developed by the authors and used to target low melting point inclusions. This book is useful for university teachers, graduate students, researchers and engineers who are engaged in the field on control of non-metallic inclusions in steel, particularly those who are exploring innovative and optimal technologies for more efficient control of inclusions and improved qualities of steels.

The book presents the latest developments and new directions in advanced control systems, as well as new theoretical discoveries, industrial applications, and case studies of complex engineering systems and materials science. The technological breakthrough at this stage is associated with digital transformation. It is assumed that innovations from different industries interact in a complex way. At the same time, fundamental research and its industrial implementation underlie the developed products and technologies and are aimed at improving modern technological processes and achievements. However, digital transformation not only opens up new opportunities, but also creates additional risks. The authors thank the Springer Nature team for cooperation.

This book provides critical insights into the properties and applications of melt-blown fibers in the polymer composite field. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the melt-blowing process and explores the intricate structure-property-parameter relationship of melt-blown fibers. In addition, the book presents a straightforward method for manufacturing multiscale Polypropylene single-polymer composites and carbon-nanotube-doped Polypropylene melt-blown fibers.

This book offers an overview of the gasification process as a crucial thermochemical method for addressing the problem of plastic waste. The authors explore various strategies to minimize post-consumer plastic waste and provide a detailed analysis of one of the most promising methods for converting it into high-value products. The chapters reports on the gasification process and its potential for transforming plastic waste into energy and valuable resources. Readers will learn about methods for reducing plastic waste and treating them using the gasification process. Thermochemical processes for upcycling plastic waste into products with higher value, such as chemicals, fuels, and advanced materials are also covered in this book.

This book systematically discusses the operational stages with high risk of CO2-induced corrosion in CCUS projects, and related measures for corrosion control. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a key technology to mitigate climate change and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. CCUS deals with high concentration CO2, which is very corrosive in a humid environment. Therefore, it is very important to characterize, monitor, and mitigate CO2-induced corrosion in all processes of the CCUS operation chain. Some corrosion control techniques included in this book (e.g., CO2-resisting wellbore cement additives) are beneficial for corrosion control research and engineering practices. This book belongs to the field of corrosion science and engineering, and the expected readership is researchers and engineers working on CCUS.

This book provides fundamental electrochemical behavior and understanding of devices based on Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates. The basic concepts, properties and emerging applications of these materials as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, biomedical and environmental are covered. Apart from conventional techniques, this book explores new aspects of synthesizing Metal Phosphates and Phosphonates.

This book highlights the preparation and characterization of efficient electromagnetic shielding composites containing bio-carbon derived from natural loofah with unique three-dimensional porous structures by means of entire structure design of composites according to shielding theory. The synergistic effect of multifunctional nanoparticles and bio-carbon on electromagnetic shielding mechanism, mechanical performance, and thermal stability of composites obtained has been holistically investigated. The discovery of this renewable, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive bio-carbon represents a new class of conductive materials with multi-interfaces and unravels further research and development of a wide variety of new electromagnetic shielding material systems with potential commercial applications ranging from electronic devices to energy management.¿

This book highlights the morphology-property relationship of regenerated cellulose materials and composites, as morphology of materials is the key feature and corresponds to associated applications of/to the materials. It is highly essential to assimilate the literature on morphology-property relationship of cellulose materials. Being the most abundant natural polymer on earth and gateway to large number of applications, cellulose is expected to be researched for higher efficiencies. Various books and research articles have targeted the specific morphologies, the respective characteristics and application areas. This book presents literature on morphology-property relationship of cellulose materials and provides a direction to this relationship. ¿

This book highlights the versatility of graphene focusing on the background of graphene, its overall structure, superior properties, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, graphene composites/derivatives, and potential applications. A remarkable surge in interest for graphene and its applications has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of publications in terms of reviews and scientific articles, books and patents. Therefore, this book essentially addresses a wide range of graphene research and provides a great resource for beginners, students in sciences or engineering, researchers, professionals, and materials scientists. ¿