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This book is your graduate level entrance into battery, fuel cell and solar cell research at synchrotron x-ray sources. Materials scientists find numerous examples for the combination of electrochemical experiments with simple and with highly complex x-ray scattering and spectroscopy methods. Physicists and chemists can link applied electrochemistry with fundamental concepts of condensed matter physics, physical chemistry and surface science. Contents:IntroductionMolecular Structure and Electronic StructureCrystal Structure and MicrostructureReal Space Imaging and TomographyResonant Methods and Chemical Contrast VariationSurface Sensitive and Volume Sensitive MethodsOrganic and Bio-Organic SamplesComplex Case Studies / Electrochemical In Situ StudiesCorrelation of Electronic Structure And ConductivityRadiation DamagesBackground SubtractionX-Ray Physics Nobel PrizesSynchrotron Centers WorldElectromagnetic SpectrumKa,I X-Ray EnergiesPeriodic Table of Elements

"e;Organic Trace Analysis"e; presents the basics of trace analysis, from sample preparation to the measurement: Students are introduced to statistical evaluation, quality control technologies, sampling and preparation of organic traces, as well as to enrichment and separation of samples. Spectroscopic techniques as chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and receptor-based bioanalysis are presented in detail.

This book is the English edition of the German third edition, which has proven to be a standard work on the subject of risk management. The English edition extends the scope of use to the English-language bachelor's and master's degree courses in economics and for potential use (especially as a reference work) in the professional practice of risk management. The subject of the book is company-wide risk management based on the Value at Risk concept. This includes quantitative and qualitative risk measurement, risk analysis based on the RoRaC and various management tools for risk control. Other topics covered are the peculiarities of the various risk types, e.g. risk management of the effects of climate change, the global financial crisis and risk reporting. The book is rounded off by a comprehensive case study, in which all aspects are summarized. The volume is thus an indispensable standard work for students and practitioners.

By connecting dynamical systems and number theory, this graduate textbook on ergodic theory acts as an introduction to a highly active area of mathematics, where a variety of strands of research open up. The text explores various concepts in infinite ergodic theory, always using continued fractions and other number-theoretic dynamical systems as illustrative examples. Contents:PrefaceMathematical symbolsNumber-theoretical dynamical systemsBasic ergodic theoryRenewal theory and a-sum-level setsInfinite ergodic theoryApplications of infinite ergodic theoryBibliographyIndex

This textbook offers a high-level introduction to multi-variable differential calculus. Differential forms are introduced incrementally in the narrative, eventually leading to a unified treatment of Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' theorems. Furthermore, the presentation offers a natural route to differential geometry. Contents:Calculus of Vector FunctionsTangent Spaces and 1-formsLine IntegralsDifferential Calculus of MappingsApplications of Differential CalculusDouble and Triple IntegralsWedge Products and Exterior DerivativesIntegration of FormsStokes' Theorem and Applications

Research Laboratory Safety explains the most important prerequisite when working in a laboratory: Knowing the potential hazards of equipment and the chemical materials to be employed. Students learn how to assess and control risks in a research laboratory and to identify a possible danger. An approach on the hazard classes such as physical, chemical, biological and radiation hazards is given and exercises to each class prepare for exams.

Motivated by a plethora of phenomena from nature, this textbook introduces into the physics of wetting of surfaces. After a brief discussion of the foundations of surface tension, its implementation for floating objects, capillary waves, bouncing droplets, walking of water striders, etc. is discussed. Furthermore, Marangoni flows, surface tension inspired instabilities, condensation and evaporation of droplets, liquid marbles, superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity (lotus effect) are introduced. All relevant concepts are illustrated by the numerous qualitative and quantitative exercises. ContentsWhat is surface tension?Wetting of surfaces: the contact angleSurface tension-assisted floating of heavy and light objects and walking of water stridersCapillary interactions between particles. Particles placed on liquid surfaces. Elasticity of liquid surfaces, covered by colloidal particlesCapillary wavesOscillation of dropletsMarangoni flow and surface instabilitiesEvaporation of droplets. The Kelvin and the coffee-stain effectsCondensation, growth and coalescence of droplets and the breath-figure self-assemblyDynamics of wetting: bouncing, spreading and rolling of droplets (water hammer effect - water entry and drag-out problems)Superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity: the Wenzel and Cassie wetting regimesThe Leidenfrost effect. Liquid marbles: self-propulsionPhysics, geometry, life and death of soap films and bubbles

This introductory text combines models from physics and biology with rigorous reasoning in describing the theory of ordinary differential equations along with applications and computer simulations with Maple. Offering a concise course in the theory of ordinary differential equations, it also enables the reader to enter the field of computer simulations. Thus, it is a valuable read for students in mathematics as well as in physics and engineering. It is also addressed to all those interested in mathematical modeling with ordinary differential equations and systems. Contents Part I: Theory Chapter 1 First-Order Differential Equations Chapter 2 Linear Differential Systems Chapter 3 Second-Order Differential Equations Chapter 4 Nonlinear Differential Equations Chapter 5 Stability of Solutions Chapter 6 Differential Systems with Control Parameters Part II: Exercises Seminar 1 Classes of First-Order Differential Equations Seminar 2 Mathematical Modeling with Differential Equations Seminar 3 Linear Differential Systems Seminar 4 Second-Order Differential Equations Seminar 5 Gronwall's Inequality Seminar 6 Method of Successive Approximations Seminar 7 Stability of Solutions Part III: Maple CodeLab 1 Introduction to Maple Lab 2 Differential Equations with Maple Lab 3 Linear Differential Systems Lab 4 Second-Order Differential Equations Lab 5 Nonlinear Differential Systems Lab 6 Numerical Computation of Solutions Lab 7 Writing Custom Maple Programs Lab 8 Differential Systems with Control Parameters

Chapter 1 General IntroductionDefinition of emulsions and the role of the emulsifier. Classification based on the nature of the emulsifier. Classification based on the structure of the system. General instability problems with emulsions : creaming/sedimentation, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, coalescence and phase inversion. Importance of emulsions in various industrial applications. Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Emulsion Formation and BreakdownApplication of the second law of thermodynamics for emulsion formation : Balance of energy and entropy and non-spontaneous formation of emulsions. Breakdown of the emulsion by flocculation and coalescence in the absence of an emulsifier. Role of the emulsifier in preventing flocculation and coalescence by creating an energy barrier resulting from the repulsive energies between the droplets. Chapter 3 Interaction Forces between Emulsion DropletsVan der Waals attraction and its dependence on droplet size, Hamaker constant and separation distance between the droplets. Electrostatic repulsion resulting from the presence of electrical double layers and its dependence on surface (or zeta) potential and electrolyte concentration and valency. Combination of the van der Waals attraction with double layer repulsion and the theory of colloid stability. Steric repulsion resulting from the presence of adsorbed non-ionic surfactants and polymers. Combination of van der Waals attraction with steric repulsion and the theory of steric stabilisation. Chapter 4 Adsorption of Surfactants at the Oil/Water InterfaceThermodynamic analysis of surfactant adsorption and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Calculation of the amount of surfactant adsorption and area per surfactant molecule at the interface. Experimental techniques for measuring the interfacial tension. Chapter 5 Mechanism of Emulsification and the Role of the EmulsifierDescription of the factors responsible for droplet deformation and its break-up. Role of surfactant in preventing coalescence during emulsification. Definition of the Gibbs dilational elasticity and the Marangoni effect in preventing coalescence. Chapter 6 Methods of EmulsificationPipe flow, static mixers and high speed stirrers (rotor-stator mixer). Laminar and turbulent flow. Membrane emulsification. High pressure homogenisers and ultrasonic methods. Chapter 7 Selection of EmulsifiersThe hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance (HLB) and its application in surfactant selection. Calculation of HLB numbers and the effect of the nature of the oil phase. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method for emulsifier selection. The cohesive energy ratio method for emulsifier selection. Chapter 8 Creaming/Sedimentation of Emulsions and its preventionDriving force for creaming/sedimentation: effect of gravity, droplet size and density difference between the oil and continuous phase. Calculation of the rate of creaming/sedimentation in dilute emulsions. Influence of increase of the volume fraction of the disperse phase on the rate of creaming/sedimentation. Reduction of creaming/sedimentation: Balance of the density of the two phases, reduction of droplet size and effect of addition of ''thickeners'. Chapter 9 Flocculation of Emulsions and its PreventionFactors affecting flocculation. Calculation of fast and slow flocculation rate. Definition of stability ratio and its dependence on electrolyte concentration and valency. Definition of the critical coagulation concentration and its dependence on electrolyte valency. Reduction of flocculation by enhancing the repulsive forces. Chapter 10 Ostwald Ripening and its ReductionFactors responsible for Ostwald ripening : difference in solubility between small and large droplets and the Kelvin equation. Calculation of the rate of Ostwald ripening. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by incorporation of a small amount of highly insoluble oil. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by the use of strongly adsorbed polymeric surfactant and enhancement of the Gibbs elasticity. Chapter 11 Emulsion Coalescence and its PreventionDriving force for emulsion coalescence : Thinning and disruption of the liquid film between the droplets. The concept of disjoining pressure for prevention of coalescence. Methods for reduction or elimination of coalescence : Use of mixed surfactant films, use of lamellar liquid crystalline phases and use of polymeric surfactants. Chapter 12 Phase Inversion and its PreventionDistinction between catastrophic and transient phase inversion. Influence of the disperse volume fraction and surfactant HLB number. Explanation of the factors responsible for phase inversion. Chapter 13 Characterisation of EmulsionsMeasurement of droplet size distribution : Optical microscopy and image analysis. Phase contrast and polarising microscopyDiffraction methods. Confocal laser microscopy. Back scattering methods Chapter 14 Industrial Application of Emulsions14.1 Application in Pharmacy14.2 Application in Cosmetics 14.3 Application in Agrochemicals14.4 Application in Paints14.5 Application in the Oil Industry

Formulations starts with a general introduction, explaining interaction forces between particles and droplets, self-assembly systems, polymeric surfactants and nanoemulsions. The second part covers the industrial examples ranging from foams, soaps over to hair care, sunscreen and make-up products. Combines information needed by formulation chemists as well as researchers in the cosmetic industry due the increasing number of products.

This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics and for researchers working in academia and industry. The focus on stochastic models in discrete time has two immediate benefits. First, the probabilistic machinery is simpler, and one can discuss right away some of the key problems in the theory of pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Second, the paradigm of a complete financial market, where all derivatives admit a perfect hedge, becomes the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the need to confront the intrinsic risks arising from market incomleteness appears at a very early stage. The first part of the book contains a study of a simple one-period model, which also serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of financial risk. In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk. This third revised and extended edition now contains more than one hundred exercises. It also includes new material on risk measures and the related issue of model uncertainty, in particular a new chapter on dynamic risk measures and new sections on robust utility maximization and on efficient hedging with convex risk measures.

This textbook is devoted to a compressed and self-contained exposition of two important parts of contemporary mathematics: convex and set-valued analysis. In the first part, properties of convex sets, the theory of separation, convex functions and their differentiability, properties of convex cones in finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces are discussed. The second part covers some important parts of set-valued analysis. There the properties of the Hausdorff metric and various continuity concepts of set-valued maps are considered. The great attention is paid also to measurable set-valued functions, continuous, Lipschitz and some special types of selections, fixed point and coincidence theorems, covering set-valued maps, topological degree theory and differential inclusions. Contents:PrefacePart I: Convex analysisConvex sets and their propertiesThe convex hull of a set. The interior of convex setsThe affine hull of sets. The relative interior of convex setsSeparation theorems for convex setsConvex functionsClosedness, boundedness, continuity, and Lipschitz property of convex functionsConjugate functionsSupport functionsDifferentiability of convex functions and the subdifferentialConvex conesA little more about convex cones in infinite-dimensional spacesA problem of linear programmingMore about convex sets and convex hullsPart II: Set-valued analysisIntroduction to the theory of topological and metric spacesThe Hausdorff metric and the distance between setsSome fine properties of the Hausdorff metricSet-valued maps. Upper semicontinuous and lower semicontinuous set-valued mapsA base of topology of the spaceHc(X)Measurable set-valued maps. Measurable selections and measurable choice theoremsThe superposition set-valued operatorThe Michael theorem and continuous selections. Lipschitz selections. Single-valued approximationsSpecial selections of set-valued mapsDifferential inclusionsFixed points and coincidences of maps in metric spacesStability of coincidence points and properties of covering mapsTopological degree and fixed points of set-valued maps in Banach spacesExistence results for differential inclusions via the fixed point methodNotationBibliographyIndex

This book is focused on mathematical modelling of chemical kinetics. The authors present the classification of basic models of chemical kinetics, thermokinetics and macrokinetics, as well as their application for the most important chemical transformations, such as combustion and catalysis. Readers will find a detailed description and analysis of different mathematical instruments which can be applied for simulation of reaction dynamics.

This book is intended as an introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics for students in mathematics, the physical sciences, engineering, and related fields. It is based on the author's 25 years of experience teaching probability and is squarely aimed at helping students overcome common difficulties in learning the subject. The focus of the book is an explanation of the theory, mainly by the use of many examples. Whenever possible, proofs of stated results are provided. All sections conclude with a short list of problems. The book also includes several optional sections on more advanced topics. This textbook would be ideal for use in a first course in Probability Theory. Contents:ProbabilitiesConditional Probabilities and IndependenceRandom Variables and Their DistributionOperations on Random VariablesExpected Value, Variance, and CovarianceNormally Distributed Random VectorsLimit TheoremsMathematical StatisticsAppendixBibliographyIndex

Product and Process Design: Driving Innovation is a comprehensive textbook for students and industrial professionals. It treats the combined design of innovative products and their innovative manufacturing processes, providing specific methods for BSc, MSc, PDEng and PhD courses. Students, industrial innovators and managers are guided through all design steps in all innovation stages (discovery, concept, feasibility, development, detailed engineering, and implementation) to successfully obtain novel products and their novel processes. The authors' decades of innovation experience in industry, as well as in teaching BSc, MSc, and post-academic product and process design courses, thereby including the latest design publications, culminate in this book.

The purpose of this book is to present results on the subject of weak convergence in function spaces to study invariance principles in statistical applications to dependent random variables, U-statistics, censor data analysis. Different techniques, formerly available only in a broad range of literature, are for the first time presented here in a self-contained fashion. Contents:Weak convergence of stochastic processesWeak convergence in metric spacesWeak convergence on C[0, 1] and D[0,infinity)Central limit theorem for semi-martingales and applicationsCentral limit theorems for dependent random variablesEmpirical processBibliography

Modern Science is teamwork. But how can young academics go from being a productive member of a scientific team to leading their own? Entry level positions for PhDs in Science often require the infamous "e;people skills"e;. The authors aim to equip young academics with the right ideas and strategies for their scientific leadership development. Become a successful leader not with tricks, but with an inspiring and straightforward vision and mission, the correct mindset, and effective teamwork.

The book provides a complete overview on inorganic pigments and their use in dye industry. Each chapter introduces a certain class of pigment in respect of fundamentals, manufacture, properties and toxicology and thus being very valuable for paint chemists and materials specialists. The readers will benefit from a concise and well-structured text, numerous examples and a set of test questions in the end of each chapter.

Polymeric Surfactants covers the structure and stability origins of these highly useful surfactants. Adsorption and solution properties in emulsions are discussed based on their underlying thermodynamics and kinetics. Research scientists and Ph.D. students investigating chemistry, chemical engineering and colloidal science will benefit from this text on polymeric surfactants and their value in preparation and stabilization of disperse systems.

Industrial Organic Chemistry examines all major industrial manufacturing technologies and reaction types with a focus on organic chemistry in general and petroleum refining in particular. The author takes a systematic approach to introducing the most important classes of organic compounds, from the C1 fraction through to polyaromatics and polymers. The author introduces biological sources for key compounds such as fuel and plastics and compares these bio-based organic materials to the corresponding petroleum-based chemicals. In addition to the chemistry behind processes in the petroleum, pharma, food and agrochemical industries, this book also discusses related topics such as process selectivity, waste management, and product purification.

Today, web applications are the most important type of software applications. This textbook shows how to design and implement them, using a model-based engineering approach that covers general information management concepts and techniques and the two most relevant technology platforms: JavaScript and Java. The book provides an in-depth tutorial for theory-underpinned and example-based learning by doing it yourself, supported by quiz questions and practice projects. Volume 1 provides an introduction to web technologies and model-based web application engineering, discussing the information management concepts of constraint-based data validation, enumerations and special datatypes. Volume 2 discusses the advanced information management concepts of associations and inheritance in class hierarchies. Web apps are designed using UML class diagrams and implemented with two technologies: JavaScript for front-end (and distributed NodeJS) apps, and Java (with JPA and JSF) for back-end apps. The six example apps discussed in the book can be run, and their source code downloaded, from the book's website. Gerd Wagner is Professor of Internet Technology at Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany, and Adjunct Associate Professor at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA. He works in the areas of web engineering and modeling and simulation. Mircea Diaconescu is a Software Architect and Technical Team Leader at Entri GmbH, Berlin. He enjoys to work with the newest web technologies and to build Web of Things projects. Java, JavaScript/NodeJS and C# are his favorite programming languages.

This book discusses light transmission and extends to more applied fields of laser and laser technology, photoelectric detection and devices, photoelectric imaging and systems with explainations on theories and engineering applications. Addressing the intersection between optics and electrical engineering, the textbook prepares graduate students to photoelectronics and can also be used as reference for engineers.

Social decentering theory was developed in response to the confusion created by the use of the term empathy and to a lesser extent, perspective-taking, to reflect a wide and varied set of human cognitive processes and behaviors. Theory of Social Decentering: A Theory of Other-Orientation Encompassing Empathy and Perspective-Taking, presents an innovative approach to the social cognitive process by which humans take into consideration the thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and dispositions of other people. The multidimensional theory and measure of social decentering represents a unifying theory that identifies and incorporates key elements imbedded in other-oriented terms. The first chapters present the theory and development of a measure of social decentering in a complete and detailed manner examining the important role that social decentering plays in human communication. The remaining chapters of the book examine the role that social decentering, empathy, and perspective-taking play in the development and management of interpersonal relationships, in marital relationships, in teams and group interactions, and in the workplace. The final chapter examines the negative consequences to individuals, decisions, and relationships potentially created by engaging in social decentering. The appendices include copies of the measure of social decentering and the measure of relationship-specific social decentering. The book is of interest for graduates in communication studies, psychology, and sociology, and valuable for communication and social psychology scholars interested in empathy or perspective taking.

In contrast to other introductions to special relativity, this one aims at a conceptually clear presentation of the theory. While not shying away from the proper mathematics, an emphasis is placed on an easy understanding of the underlying concepts, rather than technical calulcations only. With an entertaining writing style, comic-like illustrations and instructive problems, this textbook makes the entry to special relativity a lot easier.

This two volume book is an excellent introduction to this interdisciplinary area, lying on the interface between organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicine. The authors give a comprehensive overview of the field and outline the actual challenges in pharmaceutical science and industry. Volume 2 covers neurotransmitters, antihistamines, enzymatic inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The book is a comprehensive yet compressed entry-level introduction on single variable calculus, focusing on the concepts and applications of limits, continuity, derivative, defi nite integral, series, sequences and approximations. Chapters are arranged to outline the essence of each topic and to address learning diffi culties, making it suitable for students and lecturers in mathematics, physics and engineering. ContentsPrerequisites for calculusLimits and continuityThe derivativeApplications of the derivativeThe definite integralTechniques for integration and improper integralsApplications of the definite integralInfinite series, sequences, and approximations

This graduate textbook presents fundamentals, applications and evaluation of image segregation, unit description, feature measurement and pattern recognition. Analysis on textile, shape and motion are discussed and mathematical tools are employed extensively. Rich in examples and excises, it prepares electrical engineering and computer science students with knowledge and skills for further studies on image understanding.

This graduate textbook explains image reconstruction technologies based on region-based binocular and trinocular stereo vision, and object, pattern and relation matching. It further discusses principles and applications of multi-sensor fusion and content-based retrieval. Rich in examples and excises, the book concludes image engineering studies for electrical engineering and computer science students.

This graduate textbook explains image geometry, and elaborates on image enhancement in spatial and frequency domain, unconstrained and constrained restoration and restoration from projection, and discusses various coding technologies such as predictive coding and transform coding. Rich in examples and exercises, it prepares electrical engineering and computer science students for further studies on image analysis and understanding.

The aim of this book is to provide a concise but complete introduction to the main mathematical tools of nonlinear functional analysis, which are also used in the study of concrete problems in economics, engineering, and physics. This volume gathers the mathematical background needed in order to conduct research or to deal with theoretical problems and applications using the tools of nonlinear functional analysis. Contents Basic Topology Measure Theory Basic Functional Analysis Banach Spaces of Functions and Measures Convex Functions - Nonsmooth Analysis Nonlinear Analysis