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However, when it comes to highly variable pathogens or viruses that exist in multiple serotypes, the traditional methods for vaccine development have reached their limits. This volume highlights the development of vaccines against such challenging pathogens.

Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation to all types of blood cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow.

This book provides an in-depth overview on the manifold functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EV) which span from cell-to-cell communication, pathogenicity and stimulation of host's immunity to export of hundreds of biomolecules.

One of the most exciting developments in the field of bacterial pathogenesis in recent years is the discovery that many pathogens utilize complex nanomachines to deliver bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic and prokaryotic target cells to modulate a variety of cellular functions for the pathogen's benefit.

This edited volume discusses the application of very diverse human organotypic models in major areas of biomedical research.

This book illustrates, that the fungal cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of all fungi and especially for human fungal pathogens. Readers will learn, that the composition of the fungal cell wall is a unique structure, which cannot be found in the human host.

This book focuses on C-type lectin receptors, a newly emerging family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and a crucial part of the human innate immune system.

Proposed chapter titles:1.One health: theory and practical approaches.2.Epidemiology and clinical importance of zoonotic Campylobacters. 3.Population biology and comparative genomics of Campylobacter species. 4.Reservoirs, host specificity and interdisciplinary management practices of Campylobacter infections.5.Diagnostics and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species.6.Emission sources of Campylobacters from agricultural farms, impact on environmental contamination and intervention strategies.7.Biology of the gut and role of the intestinal barrier in Campylobacter infections.8.Molecular mechanisms of Campylobacter biofilm formation and quorum sensing.9.Natural competence and horizontal gene transfer in Campylobacters.10.Campylobacter virulence factors and molecular host-pathogen interactions.11.Animal models, gut microbiota and colonization resistance against Campylobacter infections.12.Bacteriophage therapy to control Campylobacter infections. Proposed contributing authors:Prof. Steffen Backert, FAU Erlangen/GermanyProf. Martin Blaser, Rutgers University/USAProf. Brendan Wren, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/UKProf. Thomas Alter, Free University Berlin/GermanyProf. Patricia Guerry, Uniformed Services University/USAProf. Uwe R├╢sler, Free University Berlin/GermanyProf. Christina Szymanski, University of Georgia/USAProf. Stefan Bereswill, Charit├⌐ Berlin/GermanyProf. J├╢rg-Dieter Schulzke, Humboldt University Berlin/GermanyProf. Dave Hendrixson, UT Southwestern University, Dallas/USAProf. Michael Konkel, Washington State University/USAProf. Sophie Kittler, TIHO Hannover/Germany Dr. Arnoud van Vliet, University of Surrey/UKPD Dr. Markus M. Heimesaat, Charit├⌐ Berlin/Germany

This edited volume provides insights about the molecular virology, pathoenesis of infection and host responses to varicella-zoster virus, which is a medically important human herpesvirus.  The chapters not only discuss genetics and molecular evolution of the virus, but also new structure-based knowledge on the functions of viral glycoproteins. Further, the authors illustrate how mechanisms from the virus are used to take over and remodel host cells during pathogeneis. These mechanisms also enable viral modulation of host cells and evasion of the host immune response. Part of these evasion and survival strategies, is the reaction to triggered host cell responses like autophagy, the stress response, modulation of apoptosis and other cell death pathways. This hands-on knowledge is crucial for students and clinicians in Virology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases.Chapter "e;Common features between stroke following varicella in children and stroke following herpes zoster in adults"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via Springerlink.com.

This book provides an essential overview of the role of phosphoinositide-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) isoforms in modulating the function of immune system cells and their involvement in disease.PI3K is a family of kinases involved in basic cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and cell death. Recent work has highlighted the multiple roles of PI3K classes and subunits and their involvement in the immune response to the body's own and foreign antigens and diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity.  This book offers a detailed introduction to the biology of the three PI3K classes, followed by an extensive discussion of the diverse roles of AKT and PI3K isoforms in immune cells. Based on this knowledge, it subsequently explains in more detail how specific isoforms are connected to immune-mediated diseases. The book concludes by highlighting the latest advances in the production of isoform-specific inhibitors and their use in various human diseases. This book is intended as a reference guide for students and researchers interested in the multifaceted aspects of PI3K biology.

This volume explores in detail the molecular biology, genetics and immunology of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori that causes serious gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. The book provides in-depth insights into the mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathogenicity, gives an overview of how the bacterium colonizes the human gut, how it manages to persist in the body and which factors play a role in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Furthermore, the interaction between the Gram-negative bacterium and the human gut microbiome is explored, and clinical management and treatment strategies to combat gastric cancer are discussed.Helicobacter pylori is an extremely successful pathogen that persistently colonizes the gut of about 50% of the world¿s population. H. pylori and its human host share a long co-evolutionary relationship that dates back for at least last 100,000 years and possibly longer. Infection by thisbacterium is a high-risk factor for the development of gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality and represents the 5th most common malignant tumour and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. H. pylori is the first bacterium that has been classified as a type-I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Recent research progress identified crucial bacterial, host and environmental factors which control H. pylori-induced gastric malignancy. New studies also suggest that specific human germline mutations and other genetic aberrations have an important impact on H. pylori-induced pathology. In this volume, all these recently discovered mechanisms are reviewed in the light of gastric cancer development, and H. pylori epidemiology, virulence factors, immune evasion, pathophysiology, cancer signalling and novel therapeutic protocols are presented. This volume is aimed at researchers in the fields of immunology, genetics, microbiology and medicine who are interested in the detailed mechanisms of the pathogenicity of this carcinogenic stomach bacterium.