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This Annals volume includes scholarly summaries of scientific achievement by winners and finalists candidates of the 2010 Prix Galien USA, Prix Galien International, and Prix Galien Bro Bono Humanitarian Awards ( http://www. prix-galien-usa. com/index.

The social environment has an enormous influence in altering behavior, neuroendocrine function, immune system activity, and cardiovascular and metabolic function.

Recently, much attention has been focused on aging and obesity and the pivotal roles these conditions play in the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.

Includes reviews on central nervous system control of glucose and energy metabolism; stearoyl CoA desaturase in obesity and metabolism; circadian disruption and metabolic dysfunction; incretin hormones; and, more.

The genetic dissection of human primary immunodeficiency is expanding at full speed, in at least two directions.

This volume presents reports from three recent scientific meetings on special topics.

This volume presents two meeting reports from recent scientific conferences and a third paper of draft consensus guidelines for treating Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.

The volume features current basic, clinical, and translational research on aspects of skeletal morphogenesis and remodeling in health and disease. Papers survey vital new insights into the mechanisms of bone development and restructuring, including cellular and mechanical triggers, receptors and signaling pathways.

The fourth installment of "The Year in Immunology" series features reviews of novel approaches in the investigation of immunoregulatory mechanisms.

Climate change is already beginning to affect New York State and these impacts are projected to grow. At the same time, the state has the ability to develop adaptation strategies that will address many climate-related risks, thereby reducing impacts and taking advantage of possible opportunities.

Offers nascent mechanistic understanding of the molecular events driving the signal transduction of adhesion-GPCRs, novel models to evaluate their functions, and evidence for their involvement in human disease. This title summarizes various perspectives on NBCDs and the scientific and regulatory considerations associated with drug categories.

Carbohydrates are ubiquitous, essential molecules, as important as nucleic acids and proteins yet less well understood. Mounting data demonstrate that microbial and mammalian glycans and their protein-binding partners (lectins) play central roles in all innate and adaptive immune responses.

Includes reviews on competition and the evolutionary dynamics of mutualism; rapid Hox gene evolution and the evolution of body plans; the evolutionary and conservation consequences of inbreeding - environment interactions; evolution and development of character displacement; applications of information theory to evolution; and gene duplications.

Aspergillosis, the leading fungal cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients, presents a serious worldwide challenge particularly in the face of increasing antifungal resistance.

This Annals volume includes scholarly summaries of scientific achievement by winners and finalists candidates of the 2011 Prix Galien USA awards for achievement in pharmaceutical science.

The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last 25 years. In the United States, it is estimated that two-thirds of the population is either overweight or obese. This increase will undoubtedly continue to have profound medical, economic, and psychosocial consequences.

This volume comprises contributions from faculty and postdoctoral finalists of the 2011 New York Academy of Sciences Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists.

Features major issues and topics in cognitive neuroscience, including the role of strategies in motor learning; efficient coding and the neural representation of value; the emotion paradox in the aging brain; perceptual foundations of bilingual acquisition in infancy; understanding disgust; and more.

This is one of two Annals volumes that present papers by speakers at the 8th International Society for Neuroimmodulation Congress held in Dresden, Germany, October 2011. The papers focus on interactions among the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems that occur at multiple levels, from intracellular pathways by immune and neuro-endocrine mediators, to the exchange of information between the three systems that results in physiologic and adaptive effects. In certain instances, however, these interactions may be unbalanced or even disrupted, which can contribute to pathology, and aspects of such pathobiology are presented in some of the contributions. This volume focuses on the basic science of immune-neuro-endocrine interactions.

This volume stems from the Second International Conference on Environmental Stressors in Biology and Medicine, which occurred October 5-7, 2011 in Siena, Italy.

Provides refereed reviews on learning theory and addition, deep brain stimulation and addiction, novel therapeutic approaches to addiction, developmental studies of reward, genetics and brain imaging in addiction, genetics of alcoholism and its comorbidities, in addition to other state-of-the art topics in addiction science.

This volume presents reports from recent scientific meetings on topics in emerging fields: (1) Diabetes and Oral Disease: Implications for Health Professionals; (2) The New York Stem Cell Foundation: Sixth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference; and (3) Chronic Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain.

Tight junction proteins connect epithelial and endothelial cells and, importantly, form selective barriers and channels for paracellular transportation.

This is the second of two Annals volume (see also Volume 1262) of papers by speakers at the 8th International Society for Neuroimmodulation Congress held in Dresden, Germany, October 2011.

The second of two volumes, Thymosins in Health and Disease II, continues the exploration of the rapidly expanding area of research in thymosins a family of proteins, with a broad set of biological properties and great clinical potential.

Aspergillosis, the leading fungal cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients, presents a serious worldwide challenge particularly in the face of increasing antifungal resistance.

This volume of The Year in Immunology series features reviews of topics in human immunology, including B1 B cells, BCL-2 family members, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, reverse vaccinology, anti-b2-glycoprotein I, the role of autoimmunity In thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease), long pentraxin PTX3 as a paradigm for humoral pattern recognition molecules, and control of inflammatory heart disease by CD4+ T cells.

This Annals volume includes invited short reviews on topics presented at the 7th International Cancer Vaccine Symposium Renaissance of Cancer Immunotherapy , held September 9-11, 2012 in Florence, Italy.

This volume stems from the conference "The Neurosciences and Music IV: Learning and Memory" held in Edinburgh, Scotland 9 12 June 2011. The volume focuses on four themes: infants and children; adult musicians and non-musicians; disabilities and aging-related issues; and therapy and rehabilitation.

Part of The Year in Evolutionary Biology series, this title includes reviews on: gene loss, thermogenesis, and the origin of birds; sexual selection in the light of molecular evolutionary genetics; the nine-spined stickleback, an emerging model in evolutionary biology; and the evolutionary consequences of interspecific aggression.