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This volume provides an overview on the biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and related peptides. VIP and PACAP are undoubtedly among the most fascinating neuropeptides ever identified.

The analysis of hormones in feces or excrement presented in the first part of this volume is a relatively new noninvasive method for gaining insight into an animal's physiology. Endocrinological cycles of free-living animals can be studied without the stress caused by capture.

Drawing upon the expertise of a cadre of scholars and practitioners, this book has four parts: (1) conceptualizing violence and exploitation against females, (2) violence against girls and female adolescents, (3) violence against women, and (4) cultural and international perspectives on violence against women.

Continued economic growth, human welfare, and national security depend upon constant technological progress; and the chief area for innovation in the coming years will be converging technologies, the synergistic combination of the "NBIC" fields: nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and new technologies based in cognitive science.

Neurodegenerative disorders and malignant tumors are usually resistant to any treatment, and the mortality rate is very high for persons with these conditions. Accordingly, finding effective treatments for these diseases is one of the most serious issues for medicine in the 21st century.

The structure of DNA varies along its sequence, which can lead to sequence-dependent variations in the fidelity of DNA copying and repair. And because the probability of distinct classes of mutations varies along a DNA sequence, variation that affects fitness will have evolutionary implications, as selection acts on heritable variation.

Lymphatic research has experienced a near explosion of activity in recent years, as awareness of the importance of lymphatic mechanisms to the continuum of human biology and disease has grown.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a phenol phytoalexin derived from grapes, berries, and other plants possessing a spectrum of pharmacologic properties.

This volume stems from the eighth international symposium and workshop entitled "Hematopoietic Stem Cells VIII" held hosted by the University of Tuebingen, Germany in the fall of 2011. The meeting was designed to bring ~30 leading scientists together to discuss the state-of-the-art in the field of hematopoietic stem cells.

The brain and the spinal cord, together, compose the central nervous system. Only relatively recently has research shifted focus to consider the integral functions at the individual neuronal and network levels that are mediated by the spinal cord. In this volume, recent work is presented addressing developments in this emerging area.

This volume presents new conceptual insights into the mechanisms of CNS-acting drugs and drugs of abuse as well as treatment of drug addiction. Methamphetamine, MDMA, PMA and different solvents are the most widely abused drugs and their use has dramatically increased over the last two decades.

Keynote speakers at the cell signaling meeting in Luxembourg have provided chapters on hypoxia signal transduction, phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains, targeting of polycomb repressive complexes, conserved signaling mechanisms in innate immunity, and signal transduction by stress-activated MAP kinases.

Keynote speakers at the cell signaling meeting in Luxembourg have provided chapters on hypoxia signal transduction, phosphoserine/threonine-binding domains, targeting of polycomb repressive complexes, conserved signaling mechanisms in innate immunity, and signal transduction by stress-activated MAP kinases.

The eighth in this series of Annals volumes brings together clinical and basic science researchers from several disciplines in a common forum to address various approaches to neuroprotection.

* Part of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences series. *Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on subscriptions, please visit www. blackwellpublishing. com/nyas. .

Estrogens may play a role, not only in classical endocrine-related tumors, such as breast or prostate, but also in several other human nosological entities, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and immune-related diseases.

The increase in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is viewed from the perspective of epidemiology, and initiatives to prevent death from rupture are discussed. Animal models and their relevance to pathophysiology and prevention are also presented, and the interventional pharmacology is also considered from the perspective of enzymology.

An accurate, inexpensive, and noninvasive method for the early diagnosis of cancer has been something of a holy grail among cancer researchers, but until recently a method meeting all three criteria has been elusive.

The volume comprises chapters on first menstruation, hypothalamic amenorrhea, implantation and recurrent abortion, XX metabolic syndrome, endometriosis, menopause, osteoporosis, minimally invasive surgery, assisted reproduction, ultrasound imaging in obstetrics, estrogen receptor modulators, and urogynecology.

When cells are damaged, as often occurs during trauma and metabolic stress, a highly evolved cell healing process follows that was designed to enhance cell survival or remove irreparably injured cells.

The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide, and the search for better management of these disease and even for a cure is being pursued by scientists from many disciplines. Tools from the areas of genetics, neuorscience, cell biology, virology, and infectious disease are being applied to the problem and are yielding useful results.

Immunology has rapidly evolved as a field, in particular, by moving beyond merely understanding the basic mechanisms of the immune system to developing diagnostic and clinical applications.

Handedness, or manual laterality of function, is thought to be both universal and unique to humans, making it a highly derived trait, based on an equally specialized neural substrate. By contrast, in various non-human species, both living and extinct, extent of lateralization varies.

Brain mechanisms for arousal, alertness, and attention underlie all cognitive functions and all emotional expression. This volume discusses the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and functional genomics of these states, and the medical consequences of their damage in human patients -- e.g.

Part of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences series. Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on subscriptions, please visit www. blackwellpublishing. com/nyas. .

This volume covers recent and new developments in the fields of vertebrate and invertebrate endocrinology and neuroendocrinology. Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www. blackwellpublishing. com/nyas.

Basic and clinical investigators have contributed reports to this volume in which they explore new findings in myasthenia gravis and related diseases, exploring topics in basic science, translational research, and clinical science, including advances in therapies and treatment strategies.

This volume, the proceedings of the 16th Florida Workshop in Nonlinear Astronomy and Physics, emphasizes the cross-disciplinary nature of much current research in astronomy and physics in the area of dynamics. Developments in one field can advance more quickly when information is available regarding parallel developments in other fields.

Computational biologists are striving to "reverse engineer" the underlying networks of interactions between the molecules in the cell. This volume and the conference it reports on attempt a systematic evaluation of reverse engineering methods.

This is the fourth and final volume of a series on autoimmunity, and findings related to particular clinical manifestations are presented, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies, and infections and autoantibodies.