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The central theme for this volume was chosen since consumers have great interest in purchasing low fat, low salt and reduced cholesterol meat, poultry and fish products. Chapter 5 discusses the scientific basis for reducing the salt (sodium) content in food products and the health benefits derived from lowering salt intake.

The central theme for this volume was chosen since consumers have great interest in purchasing low fat, low salt and reduced cholesterol meat, poultry and fish products. Chapter 5 discusses the scientific basis for reducing the salt (sodium) content in food products and the health benefits derived from lowering salt intake.

Chapter 6 reviews the physiology and psychology of flavor and aroma, which serves as a background for further discussion on the flavor and aroma of foods. The next chapter discusses the chemistry of flavor and aroma in muscle foods, while measurement of flavor and aroma are covered in Chapter 8.

Inedible meat, poultry and fish by-products are major contributors to the profitability of the slaughterers and processors of all types of muscle food.

1 The origin and concept of HACCP.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Development of the HACCP concept.- 1.2.1 HACCP - A new approach.- 1.2.2 HACCP - A preventative system.- 1.3 Acceptance of HACCP by the food industry.- 1.3.1 Establishment of HACCP by other companies.- 1.3.2 Role of various agencies.- 1.4 Summary.- References.- 2 The HACCP system and how it fits into FSIS programs.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.1.1 FSIS background.- 2.1.2 Industrial responsibility and HACCP.- 2.1.3 FSIS and HACCP.- 2.2 HACCP study.- 2.2.1 Background.- 2.2.2 Consultations and public hearings.- 2.2.3 Workshops.- 2.3 Critical control points for various models.- 2.3.1 Refrigerated foods (cooked and assembled) critical control points.- 2.3.2 Raw beef pattie critical control points.- 2.3.3 Whole young chickens critical control points.- 2.3.4 Cooked sausage critical control points.- 2.3.5 Pork slaughter market hogs critical control points.- 2.4 In-plant testing of HACCP models.- 2.4.1 Background.- 2.4.2 Plant specific plan.- 2.4.3 Inspection during phases II and III.- 2.4.4 Phase II: Implementation.- 2.4.5 Phase III: Operational.- 2.5 Evaluation.- 2.5.1 Background.- 2.5.2 Limitations.- 2.5.3 HACCP model checklist.- 2.5.4 National profiles.- 2.5.5 Quantitative plant data.- 2.5.6 Qualitative plant data.- 2.5.7 Inspector and plant personnel survey.- 2.5.8 Workshop evaluation.- 2.5.9 Training.- 2.5.10 In-plant changes.- 2.6 Current HACCP issues.- 2.6.1 Voluntary/mandatory.- 2.6.2 Review of HACCP plans.- 2.6.3 Transition period.- 2.6.4 Plan approval.- 2.6.5 Critical limits.- 2.6.6 Generic models.- 2.6.7 Training.- 2.6.8 Plan failure.- 2.6.9 Safety/economic.- 2.6.10 Other quality systems.- 2.6.11 Scientific validity.- 2.7 Quadrilateral discussions on food safety.- 2.7.1 Introduction.- 2.7.2 HACCP working group.- 2.7.3 HACCP working group report.- 2.8 Summary.- References.- 3 Implementation of HACCP program on farms and ranches.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Livestock quality assurance programs.- 3.3 Implementing HACCP on livestock units.- 3.3.1 Initiating on-farm HACCP preventive medicine programs.- 3.3.2 Hazard identification.- 3.3.3 Flow diagrams.- 3.4 Conclusion.- References.- 4 Implementation of the HACCP program by meat and poultry slaughterers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Purpose of HACCP.- 4.2.1 Selection of team members.- 4.2.2 Training of HACCP team.- 4.3 Development of the HACCP program.- 4.3.1 Selection of the HACCP team coordinator.- 4.3.2 Development of the master HACCP program.- 4.4 Implementation of the HACCP program.- 4.4.1 Support of management.- 4.4.2 Fitting HACCP plan into operations.- 4.4.3 Focusing attention on hazards.- 4.4.4 Product specific HACCP programs.- 4.5 Summary.- References.- 5 The use of HACCP for producing and distributing processed meat and poultry products.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Reasons for using HACCP.- 5.3 Developing HACCP plans.- 5.4 Hazard analysis and risk assessment.- 5.4.1 Product recalls.- 5.4.2 Epidemiological data.- 5.4.3 Chemical hazards.- 5.4.4 Physical hazards.- 5.4.5 Biological hazards.- 5.5 Critical control points and critical limits.- 5.5.1 Formulating.- 5.5.2 Cooking.- 5.5.3 Cooling.- 5.5.4 Holding.- 5.5.5 Packaging.- 5.5.6 Preventing recontamination.- 5.5.7 Storing and distributing.- 5.6 Monitoring.- 5.7 Corrective action.- 5.8 Record keeping.- 5.9 Verification.- 5.10 Should HACCP be mandatory?.- 5.11 Summary.- References.- Addendum - Guideline for writing operating instructions/HACCP plans for processed meat and poultry products.- A.1 Headings.- A.2 Critical Control Point (CCP).- A.3 Control Point (CP).- 6 Implementation of the HACCP program by the fresh and processed seafood industry.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Significance of the seafood industry.- 6.2.1 Resources.- 6.2.2 Fishery habitats.- 6.2.3 US imports of fishery products.- 6.2.4 US exports of fishery products.- 6.2.5 Challenges facing the US seafood industry.- 6.2.6 Food safety in the US fishery system.- 6.3 HACCP in the seafood industry.- 6.3.1 Background.- 6.3.2 Bene...