This book provides a roadmap for city-specific environmental health studies based on ambient air quality and measures of public health. Chapter one highlights the benefits of city-specific understanding toward the main goal of improving human health through knowledge and action. The book does not address environmental regulation, but rather focuses on the opportunities for individual cities to properly inform their residents of risks and concerns.

Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) refers to the analysis of all those vectors representing parts of a whole which only carry relative information. This type of data is ubiquitous in most applications, especially in geology, chemistry, genetics, and environmental sciences. The last comprehensive treatment was written by John Aitchison in 1986, and this book represents an update of that classic book.

Environmental criminology and its many sub-fields are increasingly becoming the focus of discussion among criminologists and criminal justice professionals. Many of the new courses being developed at universities through North America, Europe, and Oceania focus on geography of crime, geographic profiling, and crime prevention through environmental design. This work is one of the first works to specifically explore how the tenets of environmental criminology can be applied to modern urban design and crime analysis with the aim of creating safer and more secure communities.

Recently, there has been a resurgent interest in ray tracing due to the capability of the GPU. Reflecting recent trends, this second edition uses Java as the language for writing the ray tracer. The authors explain all concepts and processes with the aid of hundreds of diagrams, ray-traced images, and sample code. A supporting website provides Java code and a Java version of the skeleton ray tracers. The text is suitable for computer graphics students as well as individual programmers who would like to learn ray tracing.

This text covers life tables, survival models, and life insurance premiums and reserves. It presents the actuarial material conceptually with reference to ideas from other mathematical studies, allowing readers with knowledge in calculus to explore business, actuarial science, economics, and statistics. Each chapter contains exercise sets and worked examples, which highlight the most important and frequently used formulas and show how the ideas and formulas work together smoothly. Illustrations and solutions are also provided.

Exploring the challenging, interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology through a life sciences filter, this book focuses on the applications of nanoscience and the engineering aspects of medical and biotechnological nanodevices. Divided into introductory, intermediate, and advanced sections, each chapter offers a succinct introduction, a detailed discussion of the topic at hand with illustrative examples, numerous figures and necessary equations, and a concise summary. Problem sets include exercises of varying difficulty as well as analytical and thought-provoking numerical problems.

This book is about protecting the interests of the public in the highly complex environment of corporate financial distress. The purpose of the book is to study systematically the subject of governmental concessions for financially distressed firms. Examples of such concessions are abundant, and they are pursued by financially distressed firms in both bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy contexts. The work examines how a government can balance the interests of the firm and its stakeholders with the interests of the general public. It discusses key questions such as: How does the government strike such a balance? What are the problems that arise when financially distressed firms petition the government for a concession, and what should be done to correct them? These questions are of significant importance as the social costs of governmental concessions may be higher than the costs associated with any other form of governmental aid to the private sector. At a time of heightened interest in sound financial regulation, the book will be a valuable guide for students, researchers and policy-makers in this and related areas such as public policy and governance.

This book explores the intersection of law and gender in dramatic narratives and in legal narratives. This allows the reader to compare the stories told onstage with those told in court (another kind of stage) with respect to their representations of women, with a particular emphasis on the role of women, in both theatre and law, to act as catalysts of change. The book is organized around four topics illustrating different contexts in which women have acted as a destabilizing force: Speaking Truth to Power, The Dangerous Sex, Judging Women, and A Voice for the Voiceless. The first topic explores the stories of women who explicitly confront male power. The second topic examines the stories of women who defy gender stereotypes by their use of violence. The third looks at gender in relationship to professional status and economic class. The final unit focuses on two groups of women who have historically been under-represented, women of color and lesbians. In each instance, stories from theatre are compared and contrasted with analogous stories from law cases. Written in an accessible style, the volume presents a humanistic perspective, grounded in "the facts" of the play or the case, looking at the texts as case studies, from two different disciplines, of "subversive" women acting as agents of change.

The main feature of the book is the jurisdictional aspects of extraterritorial assertions, specifically questionable assertions by states and their lack of clear legitimacy in international law. Some monographs and collections have dealt with certain features of the topics mentioned above but none had focused on the jurisdictional aspects of extraterritorial measures, their legality, and their impact on international law principles and norms as a result. This is an important area in international law and it includes current topics of transnational and international criminal actions that would be of interest to many.

Scientific Racism in Hungary, 1920-1945 examines racially informed debates on society and nation in interwar Hungary, their ideological frameworks and methodological affinities to debates on race and eugenics elsewhere in Europe. The book focuses on how anthropological ideas of race influenced debates on national character as well as biopolitical ideologies and welfare models of eugenic engineering between 1920 and 1945. During this period, Hungary went through profound territorial, social and national transformations, and experienced a wide range of political systems: from imperial to democratic, communist, authoritarian and fascist. Marius Turda shows how, under these circumstances, the idea of race became part of a larger biopolitical agenda, serving as a vehicle for transmitting a social and cultural message that transcended political differences and opposing ideological camps. This important study helps to deepen and refine the comparative history of race and eugenics in Europe by providing an innovative cross-cultural interpretation of biopolitical arguments about Hungarian national identity. It is of immense value both to historians of 20th-century Hungary and to anyone looking at the history of anthropology, race, nationalism and eugenics in modern Europe.

The first book of its kind, Marine Licensing and Planning provides a timely and practical analysis of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (MCAA), which came into force on 12 January 2010. The MCAA brought with it major changes to the marine planning sector, not least in vastly increasing the scope of activities for which a marine licence is required. This book therefore offers a comprehensive overview of the new consenting and legal framework surrounding marine and coastal development in the UK.

Throughout the Cold War, the films produced on both sides of the Iron Curtain both reflected and were shaped by the ideologies of their respective countries. Music played a key role defining the messages sent by these films. The essays in this book offer the first extended look at the relationship between music and ideology in the European cinema of the Cold War era. With contributions from an international array of scholars, this volume examines cinematic productions from Britain, East and West Germany, France, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Francoist Spain. The contributors explore the interactions between music, ideology, and cinema that shaped mass culture in the Cold War.

This book presents a critical analysis of theory, policy and practice in crime prevention and community safety. It focuses upon, and stands in contrast to, the development of crime prevention policy and practice in England and Wales, particularly since 1997, the advent of the 'New Labour' Governments of Prime Minister Tony Blair.

This volume analyses the law and policy related to Electronic Commerce. It presents a comprehensive guide for students and researchers active in this dynamic field.

This volume provides a valuable companion for students and researchers of European Comparative Law. Arranged alphabetically and cross-referenced, each entry presents an introduction to key topics. Comprising approximately 1500 words, these short essays go beyond the merely descriptive to provide an informative resource for students of Comparative Law, Legal Philosophy and Legal Systems in general.

This volume examines the right to freedom of expression. Particular attention is given to Irish constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression along with recent important speech jurisprudence in other jurisdictions. The study examines the extent to which the Irish constitution has been effected by external factors and vice versa the influence of Irish norms on international developments in this area.

PRIVIREAL IS A EUROPEAN COMMISSION FUNDED PROJECT EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE 95/46/EC ON DATA PROTECTION IN RELATION TO MEDICAL RESEARCH AND THE ROLE OF ETHICS COMMITTEES. THIS VOLUME RELATES TO THE THIRD STAGE OF THIS PROJECT ON RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS TO BE MADE TO THE EC ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE AND THE REMIT TO BE GIVEN TO RECS TO PROTECT RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS' RIGHTS. THIS VOLUME COMBINES BOTH INTRODUCTIONS TO THE TOPIC, REPORTS FROM MANY OF THE 26 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN PRIVIREAL, AND THE OVERALL RECOMMENDATIONS DEVELOPED BY THE SERIES EDITORS FOR SUBMISSION TO THE EC. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERN ISSUES SURROUNDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE, LAWS IN COUNTRIES WHERE THE DIRECTIVE IS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED, THE REQUIREMENTS AND PRACTICE OF RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES IN RELATION TO DATA PROTECTION, AND ANY OTHER MATTERS DEEMED RELEVANT.

This book presents a new regulatory methodology of auditing human rights to address the decline in trust of governments, using HIV/AIDS as a case study. It aims to document the extent of compliance with the justiciable rights contained in the INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES ON HIV/AIDS AND HUMAN RIGHTS, with pilots conducted in a developed country, Australia, and a developing country, Cambodia. It finds that, while some specific best practice measures have been introduced to improve human rights protection, for example, privacy laws, many lack regulatory traction in terms of enforceability and it highlights how this situation can be improved.

This book is an important contribution to 'new evidence scholarship', showing how mathematical probability theory provides a framework for the understanding and pursuit of factual accuracy in juridicial proof. Issues examined include the difference between civil and criminal standards of proof, the variability of these standards, the allocation of burdens of proof and whether there is a requirement that proof be detailed and not too generalised.

This book provides an insightful lens which is instrumental in capturing the forces and factors behind the scene of differentiation and diversity in the Chinese system, and an updated classification scheme of Chinese universities and colleges.

In this work, Godlovitch explores aspects of the value of nature other than as a resource to satisfy our material interests. He argues that we are encouraged, if not compelled, toward a conception of value in its own right whether we try to forge either a natural aesthetic or an environmental ethic.