Vitenskap

Focuses on the creation of new polymeric materials with improved properties. Highlights new concepts, achievements, and investigations in polymer chemistry and chemical engineering and provides a survey of the important categories of polymers, including commodity thermoplastics and fibers, elastomers and thermosets, and more.

The first volume of the landmark study, tracing the emergence and formation of sociological thought from the French liberal school to the Marxists Main Currents in Sociological Thought remains a foundational synthesis in the field. In this first part of his magisterial two-volume survey, Raymond Aron embraces an expansive definition of sociology that merges empirical inquiry with historical and social analysis. At its core, Aron's work is an engagement with the very question of modernity: How did the intellectual currents that emerged in the eighteenth century shape the modern political and philosophical order? With scrupulous fairness, Aron examines the thoughts and arguments of the discipline's major social thinkers to discern how they answered this question. Volume 1 explores three traditions: the French liberal school of political sociology, represented by Montesquieu and Tocqueville; the Comtean tradition, anticipating Durkheim in its elevation of social unity and consensus; and the Marxists, who posited the struggle between classes and placed their faith in historical necessity. Written with his customary lucid elegance of thought and style, Aron's work is essential reading for students across the social sciences.

The second volume of the landmark study, examining the work of sociology's defining thinkers from the turn of the nineteenth century to the interwar periodMain Currents in Sociological Thought remains a foundational synthesis in the field. In this second and final volume of his classic survey, Raymond Aron explores the work of three figures who profoundly shaped sociology as it entered the twentieth century: Durkheim, who continued Comte's quest for a science of society and a scientific validation of morality; Pareto, the Italian "neo-Machiavellian" who emphasized the elitist character of all societies; and Weber, the German sociologist who reflected critically on the prospects for human freedom in an age of disenchantment. Bringing together penetrating intellectual portraits of these great thinkers and close readings of their most consequential texts, Main Currents in Sociological Thought highlights the historical and intellectual context within which each man wrote and draws out their works' enduring insights and influence in the field today.

A carefully curated review of the scientific literature, Volume 118 of Organic Reactions presents critical discussions of widely used organic reactions or particular steps of a reaction. The material is treated from a preparative viewpoint, with emphasis on limitations, interfering influences, effects of structure and the selection of experimental techniques. The work includes tables that contain all possible examples of the reaction under consideration. Detailed procedures illustrate the significant modifications of each method. Launched in 1942, the Organic Reactions series today is a leading secondary- and tertiary-level source for organic chemists across the world.

Provides up-to-date coverage of essential concepts and the latest research trends in epistemology A Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the philosophical study of knowledge and justified belief. This extensively revised edition strengthens the treatment of longstanding and contemporary debates, integrating interdisciplinary discussions that link epistemology with cognitive science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of normativity, and social and political philosophy. More than 50 entirely new survey chapters address recent developments in epistemology, such as the ethics of belief and the epistemology of inquiry, while an extended "Epistemology A-Z" with over 100 new entries provides both in-depth analysis and concise definitions of key concepts, arguments, and historical figures. This classic volume is a vital resource for advancing understanding of epistemological concepts and their real-world applications. Throughout the text, logically structured entries and cross-referenced topics allow for quick and efficient lookup of all information. An indispensable reference for those engaging with one of philosophy's most vital fields, Companion to Epistemology: Improves the range of coverage of underrepresented philosophers and traditions, including non-Western approaches, women philosophers, and emerging voices in the field Captures the evolving state of epistemology while supplying conceptual tools to engage with its complex landscape Delivers in-depth coverage of applied epistemology, relevant for practical and theoretical applications Provides critical analysis of new and underexplored areas, such as the epistemology of attention Supports interdisciplinary research with entries connecting epistemology to ethics, cognitive science, and metaphysics Edited by a team of leading scholars, Companion to Epistemology, Third Edition is a must-have for undergraduate and graduate students in epistemology, philosophy, ethics, or cognitive science programs, as well as educators and scholars in need of a wide-ranging reference for use in advanced research or teaching.

This text describes how to design and analyze small efficacy or evaluation studies, typically carried out as part of the development of programs or interventions in areas such as education. The authors provide guidance on designs for small, randomized trials, and also non-randomized causal designs. The final section compares research designs, discusses approaches to choosing a design, and provides guidance on reporting.

This book argues that consequentialism and non-consequentialism are false because they face metaphysical and intuitional problems. The two theories exhaust the theories of the right, so there is no rightness. This result matters because it requires us to give up beliefs regarding knowledge, moral responsibility, and reasons for action.

This book is a comprehensive analysis of the many visions of nationalism and nationalist leadership that emerged during India's struggle for independence.

How was a billiards table lit in 1763, or the stage of the Red Bull playhouse in 1673? How did the early U.S. settlers light their homes, and how did this compare with the homes of Sumeria 4500 years ago. The answers to all these questions and many more are to be found in The Social History of Lighting (originally published in 1958).

This handbook presents an authoritative account of the development of movements, thoughts, and policies of OBCs (Other Backward Classes) in India. it is a comprehensive work on the politics of identity and plurality of experiences of OBCs in India, featuring many eminent scholars working in the field of social justice and social exclusion.

Immanuel Kant influenced a large and productive group of political philosophers in the 1790s. This volume argues that they brought out more fully the egalitarian principles of Kantian republicanism.

This monograph aims to examine different types of photothermal materials, such as metallic, organic, and composites, that have been reported to generate localized heat at the air-water interface, leading to vapor production on the surface. It focusses on various factors, including photothermal efficiency, evaporation rate, and others.

Charting the life and writings of W¿adys¿aw Bie¿kowski, a leading politician and writer in communist Poland and sometime right hand man and ideologue of the Polish leader W¿adys¿aw Gomüka, this book outlines the shifts in the nature of communism in Poland throughout the period of communist rule.

This book investigates the impact of Christian nationalism on democracy in Ghana, arguing that proponents of a specific Christian worldview seek to remake the country according to their values and beliefs. This book will interest researchers of religion and politics in Africa, with Ghana serving as an important case study.

Interweaving rich theory on dialogism, power, and resistance together with situated scenarios addressing the production of psychological knowledge, this book explores decoloniality as it interfaces with strategic fields in psychology.