Rettsvitenskap

This seminal collection, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym 'Publius, ' was a crucial element in the ratification of the United States Constitution. The essays offer profound insights into the motivations and fears of the Founding Fathers, providing readers with a rare glimpse into the intellectual framework that underpins the U.S. political system.The book brilliantly positions the need for a strong, yet balanced federal government against the backdrop of post-Revolutionary War America, a time rife with political uncertainty and division. Through persuasive arguments, the authors address concerns about federal power, illuminating the complexities of designing a government that remains both empowered and in check. The thematic richness of these essays extends to discussions on liberty, governance, and human nature, making them timeless in their relevance."The Federalist Papers" is more than a historical document; it is a profound exploration of governance and human nature. Its enduring significance lies in its ability to provoke thought about the principles and challenges of democratic government.

The book presents good practices in humanitarian assistance and empowerment of Ukrainian refugees in various areas: emergency aid to large groups crossing the border, organisation of support in places of temporary stay, learning local languages, inclusion of children in school and adults in the labour market, and inclusion in the local community. It indicates the forms of international protection and the scope of their application by migrants from Ukraine, and discusses the temporary protection status dedicated to Ukrainian refugees.The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of migration and diaspora studies, immigration law and public policy.

This book challenges the wide use of majority rule in many constitutional courts for declaring statutes unconstitutional, and argues that these courts should rather perform constitutional review by using supermajority rules. Considering that constitutional courts often tackle hard moral issues, it is questionable whether a bare majority of judges should suffice for settling them, especially considering these courts' counter-majoritarian nature. Further, the wide use of majority rule for checking the constitutionality of legislation may increasingly risk their reputation. Such a concern is developing in the United States, following a series of Supreme Court decisions. This book argues that majority rule is unjustified in constitutional review. This means that, in constitutional review, considering majority rule's traits, there are no decisive reasons for using this voting rule over other voting rules. Additionally, the book argues that, when checking the constitutionality of legislation, constitutional courts should replace majority rule with supermajority rules. Thus, for declaring statutes unconstitutional, it is argued that more than 50% of the judges present plus one judge present should be needed. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and policy-makers working in the areas of Constitutional Law and Politics.

This timely book is the first to critically examine the doctrine of vicarious liability in the context of the sports industry.Drawing on theoretical, empirical and interdisciplinary research, the book focuses on the close connection test at stage two of vicarious liability, highlighting how vicarious liability could be used to hold sports employers strictly liable for a wide range of on-the-field and off-the-field harms committed by their athletes. It considers the extent to which vicarious liability might be applied to clubs and sporting organisations for personal injuries and racial abuse suffered by participants during competition, and examines whether employers in the sports industry ought to be held vicariously liable for the sexual assault of young athletes and women away from the field.This book is important reading for any student, researcher or practitioner interested in sports law, tort law, private law theory, socio-legal studies, jurisprudence, gender studies and sports ethics.

Following the approach developed by Alexis de Tocqueville, this volume views democracy as a cultural phenomenon. It starts from the assumption that if we are to adequately address concerns about the current state and future of modern Western democracies, we need first to tackle the cultural preconditions necessary for the functioning of a democracy.Since Tocqueville's time, the book takes the most crucial change in the West to be 'double secularization'. Here, this concerns, first, the diminished influence of organized Christianity. Even though secularity was partly a product of Christianity, secularization is highly significant in terms of the cultural underpinnings of Western democracy. Second, it involves a decreased interest in and knowledge of classical philosophy. Chapters on secularity, family life, civic life, and public spirit focus on central elements of the changed cultural foundation of democracy exploring issues such as identity politics, the public space, and the role of human rights and natural law in a pluralistic and resilient democracy. The volume concludes with a closer look at the implications of current presentism, that is, the view that only the present counts for the legitimacy and effectiveness of democratic systems. Finally, it asks if double secularization can also offer fresh opportunities for promoting the conditions of a viable democracy.The book will be of interest to academics and researchers working in the areas of Law and Religion, Constitutional Law, Political Science, History and Philosophy.

This comprehensive textbook identifies the emerging legal, policy and ethical considerations associated with the collection, analysis, storage and distribution of data that can be tied to location on earth - otherwise known as 'geospatial information'.Drawing on the author's extensive professional, legal and scholarly experience in the geospatial community, the book explains how these issues cut across both legal and technology domains, and how they impact geospatial information management across the globe. While focused on the USA, the framework and analysis can be applied to other nations and legal systems. Key topics covered include intellectual property, privacy, data protection, data quality and liability, security, ethical issues, licensing, and the impact of existing and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, satellites, drones, software, machine learning, small satellites and 5G. The book includes helpful features, such as a glossary of key legal terms and further reading, and is accompanied by digital supplements in the form of PowerPoint slides for each chapter.Geospatial Law, Policy and Ethics is the ideal companion for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students of Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing geospatial intelligence, geospatial studies and spatial data science courses. It will also be of interest to geospatial professionals employed in industry, government or research.

The book explores the role of public market actors in sustainable and circular economy innovation and financing.The shift to a circular economy requires active innovation, alongside radical changes in law, finance and policy considerations, since regulation is often tightly connected with the assumption of a linear model of consumption. Finance is crucial in creating sustainable and circular economy markets and innovations: public finance is important from the perspective of seeing the state as an engine for promoting sustainable innovations, but private funds are also required. Legislative initiatives for promoting repairs have been proposed or adopted in the EU, US and in Australia, representing remarkable steps forward but still leaving many obstacles without legislative intervention. This book examines circular economy regulation and policy on a comprehensive, general level, as well as assessing the regulatory possibilities of promoting the right to repair. Promotion of circular economy innovations as well as changing the practices and changing consumer patterns towards a more comprehensive adoption of CE are discussed from perspectives of legal, social and moral norms. The book critically evaluates current legislative reforms and assesses existing barriers to the circular economy and innovation in intellectual property law, consumer law and competition law.Providing an in-depth analysis of this dynamic field, geared towards reconsidering both existing and prospective policies and regulatory regime, the book makes recommendations for solutions to legislative barriers. It is an indispensable resource for both researchers and practitioners working at the intersections of markets, innovations and sustainability.

Appeals are a crucial part of Europe's asylum system, but remain poorly understood. Building on insights and perspectives from legal geography and socio-legal studies, this book shines a light on what takes place during asylum appeals and puts forward suggestions for improving their fairness and accessibility. Drawing on hundreds of ethnographic observations of appeal hearings, as well as research interviews, the authors paint a detailed picture of the limitations of refugee protection available through asylum appeals. Refugee law can appear dependable and reliable in policy documents and legal texts. However, this work offers the unique insight that, in reality, myriad social, political, psychological, linguistic, contextual and economic factors interfere with and frequently confound the protection that refugee law promises during its concrete enactment. Drawing on evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and the United Kingdom, the book equips readers with a clear sense of the fragility of legal protection for people forced to migrate to Europe. The book will appeal to scholars of migration studies, legal studies, legal geography and the social sciences generally, as well as practitioners in asylum law throughout Europe and beyond.

This book asks why justice is important to both individuals and to society as a whole. A number of justice questions are raised to evaluate whether mediation can deliver social, distributive, procedural or substantive justice and fairness.Focusing on a scrutiny of mediation in the context of justice, the book covers social justice and justice issues posed by confidentiality, bias, lack of fairness and Online Dispute Resolution. Discussing whether mediation can truly deliver justice to all, the book identifies areas where this fails, and provides solutions and suggestions to improve it. The dangers of private justice, bias, mandatory mediation and the side lining of the importance of fairness in the resolution of disputes are all considered. In contrast, the positive aspects of mediation are added to the balance.The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of conflict resolution, law, and social science. Readers will also be found among mediators and people interested in justice and the civil justice system.

An engaging account of social reformer Jack Robbins, the Boys' Brotherhood Republic, and their legacy. In 1914, social reformer Jack Robbins and a group of adolescent boys in Chicago founded the Boys' Brotherhood Republic, an unconventional and unusual institution. During a moral panic about delinquent boys, Robbins did not seek to rehabilitate and/or punish wayward youths. Instead, the boys governed themselves, democratically and with compassion for one another, and lived by their mantra "So long as there are boys in trouble, we too are in trouble." For nearly thirty years, Robbins was their "supervisor," and the will he drafted in the late 1950s suggests that he continued to care about forgotten boys, even as the political and legal contexts that shaped children's lives changed dramatically. Nobody's Boy and His Pals is a lively investigation that challenges our ideas about the history of American childhood and the law. Scouring the archives for traces of the elusive Jack Robbins, Hendrik Hartog examines the legal histories of Progressive reform, childhood, criminality, repression, and free speech. The curiosity of Robbins's story is compounded by the legal challenges to his will, which wound up establishing the extent to which last wishes must conform to dominant social values. Filled with persistent mysteries and surprising connections, Nobody's Boy and His Pals illuminates themes of childhood and adolescence, race and ethnicity, sexuality, wealth and poverty, and civil liberties, across the American Century.

"Shadows of Change" invites readers on a thought-provoking journey into a parallel universe where the familiar landscapes of France and the United Kingdom are cast in the shadow of a profound transformation-the adoption of Shariah law. In this meticulously woven narrative, the delicate balance between tradition and progress, individuality and collective identity, unfolds against the backdrop of a society undergoing seismic shifts. As the legal overhaul takes center stage, the intricate tapestry of human stories emerges, each thread representing a facet of resilience, dissent, unity, and love. The exploration of justice, daily life, family dynamics, and social interactions delves into the personal struggles and triumphs of characters from diverse backgrounds, offering a nuanced perspective on the complex interplay between religious principles and societal values. From the clash of secular and Islamic legal traditions to the rise of extremism, "Shadows of Change" illuminates the multifaceted consequences of this transformative legal shift. Activists and rebels challenge the new order, and international fallout reverberates through diplomatic tensions, economic recalibrations, and shifts in the geopolitical landscape. The concluding chapters provide a glimpse into potential futures, hinting at ongoing challenges and changes that shape the trajectory of these altered societies. The epilogue serves as a reflective canvas, drawing insights from the tapestry of human stories, societal transformations, and global repercussions, leaving readers contemplating the delicate equilibrium between tradition and progress. "Shadows of Change" is more than a speculative exploration; it is a mirror held up to our own reality, inviting readers to reflect on the intricacies of navigating societal transformations, the complexities of religious diversity, and the enduring quest for justice, freedom, and a shared sense of humanity. Through its pages, this tale challenges preconceptions, sparks introspection, and lingers in the minds of readers, prompting them to explore the shadows cast by change in a world forever altered by the adoption of Shariah law.

Wisconsin is a political battleground at the center of the United States that will determine the fate of representative democracy. Explore "Beyond Gerrymandering" to learn about the ground-breaking effort to provide the Badger State with more equitable representation."Beyond Gerrymandering" is an engaging examination of Wisconsin's efforts to create a more fair electoral system. With painstaking investigation and perceptive interpretation, this book reveals the revolutionary potential of new legislative frameworks in determining the direction of governance. Find out how the creative redistricting strategy used in Wisconsin provides a glimmer of hope for people fed up with the party impasse. Learn more about the critical role that just electoral borders play in promoting true democracy. You will get the knowledge necessary to promote change in your own community as you read this insightful story.See the emergence of true representation and the fall of gerrymandering.Discover the recipe for destroying long-standing political power structures and promoting diversity.Acknowledge the possibility of every vote having actual weight and every voice being heard. Become a part of the push for a more inclusive government! "Beyond Gerrymandering" is more than just a book; it's a call to action for everyone who values democracy. Become knowledgeable, participate in thought-provoking conversation, and work to bring about change in your own small area of the world. Democracy's future is in our hands; let's make it matter.

A basic understanding of business law can help you spot potential legal issues as they come up, make better decisions, and know when to seek legal help.The answers to most of the critical situations and more are provided by business law. Our book is not intended to make anyone an expert in any area of business law, but instead to make business managers, owners, and executives more aware of the many legal issues that arise in the day-to-day operation of any business.Being aware of these potential issues will help you make the judgment calls and decisions that business professionals make on a daily basis.This book will make you able to explain the characteristics of the principal legal forms of business organization, able to explain the main features of a sales contract, and will make you able to explain the basics of insolvency and bankruptcy law.

Des affaires célèbres et emblématiques non résolues et qui ne le seront sans doute jamais avec la disparition du journaliste et animateur de la chasse au trésor, Philippe De Dieuleveult. D'autres qui ont demandé quant à elles de nombreuses années comme Dino Scala, le violeur de la Sambre.Une part est réservée au grand banditisme comme il est coutume de l'appeler avec Antonio Ferrara, aux monstres tels que Thierry El Borgi Philippe Siauve Franck Feuerstein & Thierry Jaouen. D'autres crimes parfaitement incompréhensibles que l'on ne peut pas appeler infanticide, car la définition juridique est totalement différente, mais qui ont tout de même assassiné leurs enfants. Je pense à Denis Mannechez ou Anita Varnerot.Le cinéphile que je suis s'est intéressé aussi à l'affaire Gérald Thomassin, ce jeune acteur qui n'a plus donné signe de vie, embarqué dans une sombre affaire de meurtre dans un bureau de poste. Connu pour avoir remporté le cesar du meilleur jeune espoir masculin pour son interprétation dans le petit criminel a mystérieusement disparu alors qu'il était sur le point d'être totalement disculpé des charges qui pesaient sur lui. Le mystère pour le meurtre quant à lui reste entier malgré le travail des enquêteurs.

There is a huge bomb that is ticking down to the moment when it must go off and it's right underneath your feet. This almost unseen Time Bomb is so massive that it will kill every man woman, child, dog, cat, birds, insects, donkeys, horses, all the fish in the sea, the whales, the dolphins, plankton, trees, plants, flowers and every other thing that lives here on this planet.Time is ticking away and so I thought I'd better warn everyone. But there's nowhere to run. We have to all take a stand by joining what I call the final SWAT Team. (Save our World Again Today) If you choose not to saddle up and fight the good fight - it's curtains for the human race.In this book, you at least get some basic training in SWAT. You will get the weapons and the sufficient quantity of guts and gumption to get the job done in helping to disarm the Time Bomb. But, most importantly of all, you will get the knowledge of how to use our only effective weapon - Time. Time is not on our side, but when you understand how it flies around the universe in waves, you will be able to control it and use it to disarm the bomb.The world's most famous genius of all time Albert Einstein once said that "Doing the same things over and over again and expecting different results is the definition of insanity."Einstein has been proven correct in many major things he has predicted. Let's not let this prediction of the INSANITY of letting the end of the world come to pass in our generation. We must do something completely different, in fact, we must do all things completely differently, or the insanity of our present march off the cliff will make us just another spot of dust in the heavens.It's ironic also that Einstein's famous equation of - E-mc2 was the key to the production of the most destructive forces humans have ever unleashed, the nuclear weapons that today threaten the greatest mass extinction in history, made more urgently notable since these weapons are now controlled by psychopathic mass murderers. (Not an exaggeration)Just as I was finishing this book, news hit the world that Russia is planning to put a nuclear device like the Death Star in Star Wars, in orbit over our heads that could destroy our entire way of life in seconds.THUS the need for this new formula because TIME IS TICKING to the final seconds.I introduce here a new equation that I invented that hopefully will have the effect of countering all of the destructive power of Einstein's equation. T=emc(8) Or Time is equal to any amount of energy times any amount of mass times the speed of light raised to the power of infinity.This formula, if applied correctly, will allow anyone to apply a new kind of sanity in which we are all encouraged and even rewarded for doing things differently - and this time, getting different, and even better results.In order to help in this cause, I decided that the very essence of Time has to be unveiled and simplified so that more and more of us can quickly learn how to use it more effectively in our daily lives.Time is something we all think we know everything we need to know about and we take Time for granted because until we expire - We say that "Time flies" - It is the thesis of this book that Time moves through the universe in waves. Someday soon we may have the instrument that will prove this theory of mine.In reality, Time is rationed out to each and every one of us as is needed in pursuit of larger goals. The movement of Time around the universe in this manner is broadcast in High and Low Pressure Time Zones. High Pressure Time zones are sunny and warm and Low Pressure Time zones are cold and wintry.Time is ticking towards a terrible conclusion of the end of the Human Race.Learn how to join the only S.W.A.T. Team that can save us all. Get out and MAKE SOME NOISE!

Workplace bullying is a serious and widespread problem that can have devastating effects on individuals and organizations. In this book, the authors explore the different forms of workplace bullying, such as mobbing, bossing, and staffing issues, and how they can silently affect employees' mental and physical health, performance, and well-being. George Sebastian Cucuiet also provides practical advice on how to prevent, detect, and deal with workplace bullying, as well as how to create a positive and healthy work environment. The book is based on the latest research and real-life cases and offers insights and recommendations for employees, managers, human resources professionals, and anyone who wants to learn more about this silent epidemic.Bullying in the workplace is a serious issue that affects many employees and organizations in Germany and beyond. In this book, George Sebastian Cucuiet, with expertise in European law and human rights, examines the different forms of bullying, such as mobbing, bossing, and staffing, and how they can harm the victims' health, dignity, and career prospects. He also explains the legal framework and the challenges of defending such cases in court, as well as the possible remedies and compensations for the victims. The book is based on the author's extensive experience and knowledge of German labor law and provides practical advice and guidance for both employees and employers who want to prevent, detect, and deal with workplace bullying. The book is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn more about this silent and destructive phenomenon that can ruin lives and careers.Workplace bullying is a serious problem that can affect your mental and physical health, as well as your performance and well-being at work. There are some steps you can take to protect yourself from workplace bullying, such as: Avoid unnecessary contact with the bully and look for opportunities to transfer to another department or find a new job if possible.Keep your cool, breathe deeply, and avoid being reactive. Don't let the bully get under your skin or provoke you into a confrontation. Practice empathy and try to understand why they are behaving this way, but don't excuse their actions or blame yourself.Say something to the bully and document it. Stand up for yourself and assert your boundaries respectfully and professionally. Use "I" statements to express your feelings and needs, and avoid name-calling or insults. Keep a record of the bullying incidents, including dates, times, witnesses, and evidence, such as emails or messages.Tell someone and file a report. Seek support from your colleagues, friends, family, or a therapist. Report the bullying to your manager, human resources, or a higher authority. Follow the policies and procedures of your organization and ask for a fair and timely investigation.Practice self-care. Take care of your physical and mental health by eating well, sleeping well, exercising, and relaxing. Engage in activities that make you happy and boost your confidence. Seek professional help if you experience symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

"A Comprehensive Guide to Applying for Disability Benefits through the Social Security Administration" is a valuable resource for individuals and their loved ones facing the challenges of a disability impacting their ability to work. The guide aims to simplify and demystify the complex process of applying for disability benefits, emphasizing the importance of this lifeline beyond financial assistance.Throughout the guide, readers will find a step-by-step roadmap, starting with understanding the basics of disability benefits and progressing through eligibility criteria, documentation requirements, and the various types of benefits offered by the Social Security Administration. The comprehensive approach includes guidance on gathering essential information, selecting the right program based on individual circumstances, and navigating the application process.The guide goes beyond procedural aspects, providing strategies for compiling strong medical evidence, presenting work history effectively, and addressing potential denials. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing one's rights, resources, and options throughout the journey to securing disability benefits.Readers, whether in the early stages of considering disability benefits or deep into the appeals process, will find support and empowerment in this guide. By the end, individuals will have gained a solid understanding of the application process, potential challenges, and effective strategies for success. The guide reinforces the message that those on this journey are not alone and serves as a tool to navigate the path towards securing the benefits they deserve, one step at a time.

La Justicia restaurativa familiar es una respuesta evolucionada y necesaria para atender los conflictos que aquejan a las familias de tal manera que no solo puedan de resolverlos de forma, sino también de fondo, desde la raíz donde se encuentras los daños que calan hondo porque vienen de los vínculos más próximos e íntimos de las personas, que se reflejan de muchas formas en las infancias y los proyectos de vida. El camino de la restauración implica identificar, reconocer, buscar la forma de reparar y de sanar, para romper con el ciclo de violencia que aqueja a las familias y con ello contener otros conflictos sociales, el Estado y el sistema de justicia deben proporcionar esa respuesta efectiva desde la cual no solo se emitan sentencias, debe ir más allá generando verdadero bienestar social, por lo tanto, es posible desde el Modelo "Katartizo" de Restauración familiar, lograr trabajar con los ejes: psico emocional, humano social, pedagógico y jurídico, para la construcción de la paz desde las familias.Esta obra es una guía en el camino de "Restaurar con el corazón" en el entorno familiar.

Código de Incentivos de Puerto Rico. Ley Núm. 60 de 1 de julio de 2019, según enmendada.

Nowadays, more and more areas of life are covered by legal regulations. It is necessary to have legal solutions that would help navigate through specific legal systems and support the exercise of rights guaranteed by the law. The proposed publication is a comprehensive study on free legal aid in terms of comparative law. It deals with theoretical and practical issues that constitute a source of knowledge about the shape of legal aid in individual countries. It is also an inspiration for entities creating and applying the law to find the optimal model of free legal aid.

This book offers a fresh perspective on the Habitats Directive's rules on designating Natura 2000 - the European biodiversity conservation network. Although the Habitats Directive came into force in the early 1990s, the network is not yet optimally set up and lacks coherence and connectivity. The author examines the Habitats Directive's provisions regarding the designation of Natura 2000 and discusses possible reasons for the EU Member States' ongoing lack of compliance with their designation duties. She reassesses the 2015 REFIT Fitness Check of the Nature Directives to look for the Member States' reasons for not having optimally complied with their designation duties yet. She then analyses the Habitats Directive to reveal elements of non-optimal drafting in its designation provisions. Sensible law reforms that do not interfere with the general framework of the Habitats Directive and which keep in mind the relevant national, regional, and international biodiversity law and policy, as well as the relevant case law will be discussed to this end. As a result, this book presents an enhanced legal designation framework that can support Member States' compliance with their designation obligations. The book finally goes beyond the European biodiversity legislation, also shedding light on the effects of the suggested reforms for the broader biodiversity and environmental law and policy landscape, and concludes that reforming the Habitats Directive would benefit a variety of contemporary areas of law. This book targets academics and policy-makers in the field as it provides a scholarly as well as a hands-on approach to the subject of strengthening European biodiversity law.

While previous volumes have examined specific issues and developments such as the coronavirus crisis or digital transformation from a law and economics perspective, the anniversary edition returns to the methodological and philosophical fundament of the discipline of law and economics. The present book aims to examine these foundations in general and, in particular, efficiency, reciprocity and meritocracy, and their relation to law and justice from an interdisciplinary perspective.Efficiency: Traditionally, the economic analysis of law has been guided by the goal of efficiency. Economists usually define efficiency as Pareto or Kaldor-Hicks efficiency. Any change that makes one member of society better off without anyone else being worse off is a Pareto improvement. A change is a Kaldor-Hicks improvement if the gainers value their gains more than the losers value their losses, with only hypothetical compensation required.Reciprocity: Economists have traditionally basedtheir models on the self-interest hypothesis of homo oeconomicus. In this model, an individual maximises his own utility without being altruistic or jealous. Behavioural economics challenges the self-interest hypothesis. In fact, many people deviate from purely self-interested behaviour. There are also signs that considerations of fairness and mutual benefit are important in bilateral negotiations and in the functioning of markets. Meritocracy: The concept of meritocracy refers to a system, organisation, or society in which people are selected and promoted to positions of success, power, and influence on the basis of their abilities and merits. This means that an individual is able to climb the social ladder through hard work. Moreover, meritocracy directs the most talented people into the most functionally important positions, thereby increasing a society's efficiency. However, the equalising function of meritocracy has been criticised. Rather than reducing inequality, meritocracy is seen as the cause of racial, economic and social inequality.

This proceedings volume combines chapters derived from papers presented at the 4th and 5th Annual Conferences on the Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform. This ongoing research project brings together scholars from all over the world at an annual international conference in London. The book focusses on technology in commercial contract law as well as on sustainability in commercial contracts. The latter theme was inspired by the United Nations' climate conference that was to take place in Glasgow in the United Kingdom that same year. The book combines topical current issues in commercial contract law and practice organized in three parts. The first part contains contributions to the area of law and technology. The second part of the book expands on aspects of sustainability understood as environmental reasonableness in the context of commercial contracts. The third part includes several chapters on the topics of supervening events and contractual ethics. Thisbook is therefore part of a coherent line of contributions to the furthering of modern contract theory. The choice of topics is closely following current issues of legal policy and contract practice.

The book shares the results of project research granted by the Castilla-La Mancha government, which has been composed by philosophers of law and criminal law researchers, whose main conclusions are represented by the manifestations and trends of the current crisis of the constitutional State. The works identify these trends and manifestations in order to develop alternatives and remedies to solve the current negation process that classical liberties are involved, from the point of view of philosophy, policy, and dogmatic.

Defending Legal Freedoms in Indonesia provides fresh insights into how cause lawyers navigate political and institutional change, by presenting and analysing the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation (YLBHI), the oldest and most influential legal and human rights organisation in Indonesia.Based on rich ethnographic research, this book charts the developments of the organisation since its founding in 1970, its contribution to the ending of the authoritarian, military-backed New Order (1966-1998), its relative decline in the years following Indonesia's democratisation and its revival in recent years as Indonesian democracy and human rights come under threat. The author examines the tactics the organisation has used, including show trials and working alongside grassroots communities, organising them and educating them about their rights. It highlights how this organisation flourished more under an authoritarian regime than under democracy and how its present, prominent, adversarial-political version of cause lawyering is playing a leading role in civil society resisting further erosion of democracy and human rights. The book addresses recent democratic erosion under President Joko Widodo, and documents pivotal moments in Indonesia's contemporary history, such as the 'Reform Corrupted' mass demonstrations in 2019, illuminating how democracy shrinks, and how lawyers push back.The first book on Indonesia's crucially important cause lawyering, activist lawyers' group, this book will be of interest to researchers in Asian Law, Indonesian Studies. It is also an essential point of reference for future research in public lawyering in Asia.

This book provides an insightful, holistic up-to-date perspective of the constitutional governance and legal framework in India with regard to environmental protection.Covering the foundational principles of environmental law, the book details the current status of international environmental law in the face of complex environmental challenges including climate change. The topics covered include water resource governance, and coastal regulation, with a particular focus on the growing significance of the National Green Tribunal. It also covers the wide range of policies that have been introduced over the past fifty years and the impact these have had.The book will be of interest to researchers, legal practitioners, and scholars in the field of environmental law and governance as well as international law.

This book focuses on administrative regulation in environmental law. It also focuses on climate change, and the push for sustainability. Covering the regulation of forest conservation, wildlife protection, water pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution, the book looks into the practical application of environmental legislation. These include responses to international environmental agreements within India and the economic impact. It also discusses historical jurisprudence, and the administrative frameworks existing as a result of this.Focusing on contemporary issues within the legal landscape, the book aims to provide a solid foundation for researchers, legal practitioners, and scholars in the field of environmental law and policymaking.

Victimology, 10th Edition, covers the scope of crime victims' suffering in the U.S., offering a history of victims and the measurement of victimization, an explanation of the victim's role in the criminal justice process, and a recounting of the issues crime victims face as a result of crime and involvement in the criminal justice process. Doerner and Lab, both well-regarded scholars, write compellingly about how the current criminal's justice system can be transformed into a victim's justice system. Theory is woven together with the description of each topic, and specific examples illustrate each point. The book goes on to address the full impact of victimization, and a final section details specific types of victimization, ranging from violent crimes, including child and elder abuse, to property crime, to crime in the school and in the workplace. The authors explain how obstacles hinder the pursuit of justice, and provide significant policy and programming suggestions to render the system more victim-friendly. Appropriate for undergraduate as well as early graduate students in Victimology courses in Criminology, Criminal Justice, Sociology, and Justice Studies programs, this book offers instructor's aides with test bank and PowerPoint lecture slides as well as a companion site with student resources.

This book discusses contemporary standards of legal safeguards in the area of bulk electronic surveillance from the perspective of the European legal model. Bulk, or untargeted, surveillance, although traditionally associated with the interception of electronic communications, is increasingly used as a convenient tool for collecting information on large groups of society. The collection of redundant information, which is intrinsic to bulk surveillance, is no longer a side effect but an important objective of the use of bulk powers. As a result, untargeted surveillance is everywhere increasingly being implemented, and without any clear link to state security or crime-fighting objectives. This work examines the origins of untargeted measures, explores their mechanics and key concepts, and defines what distinguishes them from other forms of surveillance. The various elements of the legal safeguards in place, which are fundamental to protecting individuals from the risks of abuse of power, are analysed in detail. The book discusses not only the different standards of legal safeguards, but also gives examples of their implementation in individual European countries. It also examines the relationship between the development of the global data market and untargeted surveillance powers, in particular in the context of the risks associated with algorithmic surveillance, client-side scanning, the privatisation of surveillance - or Surveillance-as-a-Service - and the increasingly widespread use of preventive content filtering mechanisms. The book will be a valuable resource for academics and researchers working in the areas of law, international relations, public policy, engineering and sociology. It will also appeal to professionals dealing with various aspects of the use of surveillance measures, such as experts, members of the legislature and law enforcement agencies.