Økonomi og finans

There is a lot of recent excitement about blockchain but the debate is often not conceptually grounded. Blockchain's innovation is more organizational than technical, and this Pivot discusses its conceptual elements to better evaluate its potential applications in the real world. Rooted in the basic technical concepts of blockchains, this book focuses on blockchain's potential and limitations from a social science perspective, drawing on areas such as economics, business, and law to discuss what types of applications can make sense for blockchains and which probably do not. It begins with a review of earlier attempts to create similar uses, then discusses Bitcoin and how it differed from other attempts at a decentralized currency. It also outlines the mechanisms of blockchain, its economic and legal connections, the role of smart contracts, and critical issues affecting the technology. It will be of interest to researchers, students, and policymakers of financial technology, economic innovation, regulation, and computer science.

This book is the product of an attempt to look differently at the issue of poverty, along with food security and affordable housing. There is a tendency in conventional economics and finance literature to be apologetic when dealing with globally prevailing and unfair economic and financial systems. Islamic economics and finance academia is not immune from this tendency. The book aims to raise awareness about the root causes and suggests novel proposals that will lead to sustainable solutions. It is based on the understanding that if we continue doing more of the same things, we cannot expect to produce different results. This book is also premised on the understanding that the financial sector can promote economic progress only if it channels capital to the most productive use while avoiding moral hazard and adverse selection. The issue of collateral taking promotes a situation where financial institutions prefer to lend only too big-to-fail structures for shelter and food sectors that fuel poverty and inequality. This adverse selection ultimately gives rise to food security and affordable housing issues. This indicates that financial liberalization is not the solution to dealing with poverty and inequality. Instead, strong policy initiatives and financial regulations to direct capital to provide long-term sustainability are needed.

This book integrates technical analysis in the capital markets: stock market theories, valuation approaches, portfolio theories, company analysis. In addition to deepening the overall inspection of technical analysis, the book will challenge the corporate norm and offer alternative theories, sometimes even contrary theories, and explore related areas in the context of increasing investment efficiency. Unlike other research in this area, this approach does not consider technical analysis as an ultimate and absolute truth and recognizes that by studying all aspects of an interdisciplinary problem, the chances of success increase substantially. The book will be of specific interest to academics, students and practitioners of financial markets.

While polluting industries in the U.S. continue to emit billions of pounds of toxic chemicals into the air, land and water every year, many economists and policy makers argue that environmental regulations stifle economic growth and reduce the standard of living for the American people. This book takes a fresh look at this question through three case studies of highly regulated polluting industries in the Southern California region: metal finishing, wood furniture, and dry cleaning. The case studies are based on a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including in-depth interviews with corporate managers and environmental regulators. The authors find that there is no universal pattern for predicting the effects of environmental regulations on industrial competitiveness, but that the outcomes depend on the structure of the industry being regulated, the design of the regulations, and the technologies that are available for compliance. The book is written in straight forwardlanguage that is accessible to the non-economist and will prove an essential resource for academics and students of all levels, and professionals and policy makers in the fields of environmental policy and regional economic development.

This contributed volume provides academic insights into the digital financial world. It illustrates the state-of-the-art research on financial technology and innovation with special focus on the impact in society. Technologies are not only door openers for the digital world, but they are also key drivers of change. These key drivers of digitalization, accelerating the pace, are literally forcing individuals to adapt. The authors discuss these dynamics and reflect on society's adaptability. The first part of the book focuses on cryptocurrencies as disruptive technology. It discusses the status quo, future trends and legal frameworks for virtual money. The second part of the book sheds light on value creation in a digitalized world. The authors discuss digital platforms and economic networks and the impact of digital dominance.

Originally published in 1961, this book became widely used as a textbook, as an important source of primary data on British government expenditure statistics and as the point of departure for further empirical and analytical studies of the behaviour of governments. The book was recognised as one of the formative influences in the development of a positive theory of government expenditure which sought to explain the size and structure of the system of public finance rather than justify it.

Originally published in 1971, this book uses the famous Tinbergen/Theil approach to the theory of economic policy, demonstrating the place of fiscal policy in a realistic policy context. The volume marries analytical developments in macroeconomics to the influence on the economy of the system of public finance. Attention is given to the problem co-ordinating fiscal policy with other policy instruments, notably monetary policy. A final chapter discusses the problems encountered in applying fiscal policy models to real situations.

Traditional welfare economics works with the assumption of the fully rational economic agent (homo economicus) whose preferences are fixed: that is, they are not influenced by their economic environment. To the contrary, this book presents a theory of welfare economics that maintains the principles of normative individualism while allowing for adaptive or changeable preferences.Why do economists talk of preferences? In this book, Carl Christian von Weizsäcker shows that the concept is intimately related to freedom of action. The concept of preferences is the mode by which normative economics introduces the idea of freedom or liberty into its theory of human interaction. Moreover, economic research of recent decades has provided a large amount of experimental and other empirical findings - e.g. the work on bounded rationality - which contradicts the assumption of fixed preferences. This book argues that this large body of findings is consistent with the hypothesis of adaptive preferences. This, together with the proposition that adaptive preferences allow a generalization of traditional welfare economics, has implications for policy applications of behavioral economics based on "normative individualism". Normative individualism is an approach which intrinsically connects with the value of liberty or freedom. It is argued that normative individualism is indispensable for a society of free citizens: thus, providing the foundations of civil liberty.This book will be of great interest to readers of welfare economics, behavioural economics and economic theory.

Joseph A. Schumpeter made multiple contributions to economic science and beyond. Drawing on this wide range of writings, this book argues that Schumpeter provided a theoretical account of capitalism as a total phenomenon. It methodically reconstructs the "general theory" of capitalism present in Schumpeter's work and show its consistency and limits. The book identifies three key dimensions of a Schumpeterian general theory of capitalism. First, capitalism is defined at its core as a form or method of economic change: the entrepreneur disrupts a static, equilibrium economy (which is the foundation of all economic activities) with the introduction of an innovation. He is an unbalancing and disruptive force. Second, capitalism is defined as an institutional order composed of private property, private initiative for private profit and credit. Finally, capitalism is defined as a 'civilization' or culture: a set of values, attitudes and beliefs. The general theory thus accounts for capitalism as an economic form (innovation and entrepreneurship) which is the source of economic change; supported and enabled by a particular institutional order without which innovation would remain a dead letter (private property, private profit, credit); all this generates the culture of capitalism. This book will be of interest to readers in history of economic thought, economic theory, innovation, political economy and social theory.

In today's dynamic landscape of accounting, corporate finance, and business management, earnings management has assumed paramount importance. Transparent and reliable accounting information is crucial for accurate corporate performance forecasting and financial decision-making. This book uniquely discusses practical earnings management methods within the accounting and taxation realms. It is supported by extensive international evidence linking informativeness of financial reports to companies' financial decisions. Delving into the earnings management process, this book provides profound insights into how profits can be influenced through accounting choices and real business transactions. Real-life case studies will undoubtedly facilitate the understanding of accounting and taxation methods. Additionally, it unravels key elements of corporate finance puzzles related to the transparency of financial reports, including the macroeconomic environment, profit thresholds, cash management, audit quality, financing decisions, and financial health. With broad empirical evidence from various European countries, it multidimensionally explores the important link between the quality of information in financial statements and trade-offs behind financial decisions.The book serves as a valuable reference for international researchers in corporate finance, accounting, and corporate governance. It is also a powerful tool for business practitioners, including owners, lenders, auditors, regulatory and professional bodies, business partners, or other market participants. For those seeking the latest insights on earnings management, those producing or assessing accounting information, and those using financial reports in their research or business practice, this book is a must-read.

It has become clear that instead of constituting the end of history or ending in its supplanting by socialism, capitalism has been outpaced by history and transmuted into something else. In this book, Westra explores the literature on the current state of capitalism ranging from questions of financial system and technological change through evidence of shifting class contours to a far more predatory constellation dubbed neofeudalism. In seeking to expose the dire consequences for humanity of capitalist unravelling, this book remedies the lacunae and disparateness of current writings which leave fundamental questions of what precisely capitalism is or was and the historical delimitations of capitalism unanswered. Westra not only critically analyzes the arguments over capitalisms passing under key rubrics of financialization, globalization, intangible assets and social class, unveiling interconnections among perspectives, but grounds determinations over the existence of capitalism in a novel synthetic definition of it. Thus, while capitalism has always been an exploitative, asymmetric wealth distributive, alienating, class divisive, crises ridden society, Westra explains how, supported by neoliberal state policies, the economic transmutations the book treats undermine what coherence capitalism maintained for human economic affairs to the existential detriment of society. This book will be of interest to academics and students across fields of economics, political economy, economic history, political science and sociology as well as to progressive policymakers and social activists.

The Economics of Russia's War in Ukraine provides a thorough analysis of the Russo-Ukrainian war, tracing its historical roots and exploring its multifaceted dimensions. This book emphasizes economic, geopolitical, and humanitarian impacts, highlighting Ukraine's resilience amid challenges. At the same time, this study examines the EU's dynamic responses to economic crises and energy transition, the consequences of the war on global trade dynamics, and the significant influence of geopolitical events on financial markets. It underscores the EU's commitment to aiding Ukraine, enhancing its security, and increasing defence spending in response to evolving geopolitical complexities. The impact of the invasion on financial markets and the vulnerabilities of the banking sector are closely examined, highlighting the complex relationship between geopolitics and the global economy. Findings suggest that the priorities for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine include addressing human capital and demographics, employment opportunities, environmental protection, infrastructure and housing reconstruction, security and mine clearance, waste recycling, agriculture and food security, digital transformation, social protection and healthcare, and education and research. This book therefore argues that a comprehensive, integrated approach with international support is crucial for Ukraine's recovery and sustainable economic growth.The Economics of Russia's War in Ukraine will be useful for scholars, students, professionals, policy makers and all those interested in the fields of economics, international relations, security, and global studies, as well as all those wishing to have a thorough and clear understanding of the backdrop of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and its influence on Europe.

The book examines how the outgrowth of the financial industry has contributed to the recent tendencies towards inequality and stagnation. It proposes a monetary interpretation of these events using a Classical-Keynesian theoretical approach derived from the work of Keynes and Sraffa. The approach moves from the distributive conflicts among economic and social groups, presuming that they influence the legislation shaping the organisation of the markets and the policy of the authorities. It argues the degrees of liquidity of assets, which reflect the individual perceptions of their future prices, ultimately depend on the organisation of the markets and policy decisions.The development of his work persuaded Keynes that it was necessary to revolutionise the scientific foundations of economic discipline to effectively interpret events and recommend policies. He consequently introduced in 1932 a monetary theory of production. Following these lines, Sraffa proposed in Production of Commodities to take the rate of interest as an independent variable in the theory of distribution.Using the Classical-Keynesian approach, the book shows how the changes in legislation and policies since the abandonment of the Bretton Woods agreements have caused the outgrowth of finance and how these alterations have raised financial instability. It identifies various competitive mechanisms through which financial events can affect income distribution and growth, describing how they have triggered the recent tendencies towards inequality and stagnation.This book is essential reading for researchers studying the interactions among financial markets, distribution and growth.

Containing many results that are new, or which exist only in recent research articles, this thoroughly revised third edition of Interest Rate Modeling: Theory and Practice, Third Edition portrays the theory of interest rate modeling as a three-dimensional object of finance, mathematics, and computation. It introduces all models with financial-economical justifications, develops options along the martingale approach, and handles option evaluations with precise numerical methods.Features Presents a complete cycle of model construction and applications, showing readers how to build and use models Provides a systematic treatment of intriguing industrial issues, such as volatility smiles and correlation adjustments Contains exercise sets and a number of examples, with many based on real market data Includes comments on cutting-edge research, such as volatility-smile, positive interest-rate models, and convexity adjustment. New to the Third edition Introduction of Fed fund market and Fed fund futures Replacement of the forward-looking USD LIBOR by the backward-looking SOFR term rates in the market model, and the deletion of dual-curve market model developed especially for the post-crisis derivatives markets New chapters on LIBOR Transition and SOFR Derivatives Markets.

A water crisis on our immediate horizon is destined to hurt, even kill, millions of children, and the window of opportunity to do something about it is rapidly closing. There is, however, a glimmer of hope that could turn into rays of sunshine. Water is a commodity, and we have just come through some painful times dealing with the shortage of another commodity¿energy. For those who lived through the "energy crisis," this book offers a brief trip down memory lane.

Gagner beaucoup d'argent et ne payer aucun impôt aujourd'hui en France, pays champion de la pression fiscale, c'est possible, et en toute légalité. C'est le but de cet ouvrage, montrer les principaux leviers d'action et aider à faire les choix les plus économes pour réduire la facture fiscale en s'appuyant sur les textes en vigueur et en les illustrant d'exemples concrets et pratiques. Il a vocation à s'adresser à tout public non initié avec à la clef beaucoup d'impôts à payer en moins.

El Arte de Comprar tu Casa Propia" es tu compañero imprescindible en el emocionante viaje hacia la adquisición de tu Casa Propia. Escrito con pasión y conocimiento por Sandy Flores, Broker/Realtor, este libro te sumerge en el proceso de la compra de tu vivienda, ofreciéndote consejos prácticos y estrategias inteligentes para navegar el mercado inmobiliario con éxito. Desde la búsqueda inicial hasta la firma del contrato final, cada página te acerca un paso más a convertirte en propietario. Descubre cómo maximizar tu presupuesto, evitar trampas comunes y aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades que se presenten en el camino.Conviértete en el héroe de tu propia historia de compra de vivienda y haz que tu sueño de tener un hogar propio se convierta en realidad. Sumérgete en las páginas de "El Arte de Comprar tu Casa Propia" y prepárate para un viaje inolvidable hacia la compra de tu vivienda y la independencia. Cada paso que das te acerca más a la realización de tus sueños.Adquiere tu copia del libro y únete a un viaje emocionante a través del mercado inmobiliario, lleno de descubrimientos y oportunidades..

After decades of false starts, artificial intelligence (AI) is entering the mainstream of society. That is largely due to the rapid adoption of ChatGPT, a service that responds to almost any natural language question with cogent paragraphs. ChatGPT is the leading example of generative AI -- technology that creates original text, images, video and computer code based on uncovering patterns in training data. The book will explain how generative AI works and how much economic value it could create and will map out the industry value network. For each value network stage, the book will define the industry, estimate its size, growth rate, and profit potential, identify the most successful participants, and explain how they have achieved their success and where they will compete in the future. The book will conclude with a section on what investors and business leaders should do to make an informed decision on where to place their bets.What You Will LearnInsights on how best to assemble the resources ¿ whether by hiring a consultant or bringing on board a generative AI expert -- to build, train, and operate company specific generative AI applicationsHow management can brainstorm, evaluate and execute the right opportunitiesConcepts and processes to enable investors to place bets with the highest risk-adjusted returnsWho This Book is ForBusiness and enterprises seeking to get value from generative AI, current or potential suppliers of technology and services to companies that build generative AI, and venture capitalists and public equity investors seeking to make profitable bets on generative AI companies

This book aims at China's economic and social development, which has embarked on a new journey. It collects more than 20 major research achievements of researchers in relevant fields of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. These topics cover rural revitalization and anti-poverty, industrialization and manufacturing transformation, service industry upgrading, fiscal and taxation system and fiscal sustainability, major financial reform, industry and competition policy, ownership structure, new pattern of opening up, digital economy, innovation driven, financial stability, macro-control, new urbanization, regional development, ecological environment, aging population, labor market, income distribution, social governance, people's livelihood, social security, the rule of law, cultural power, and other major issues. This book helps people from all walks of life better understand and grasp the new trends, opportunities, and challenges of China's economic and social development in thefuture and provides useful reference for thinking about China's medium and long-term development strategy and development path.

"Earning Online: From Side Hustle to Full-Time Income" is a comprehensive guide for anyone looking to leverage the power of the internet to create a sustainable and profitable online income stream. Whether you're a freelancer, entrepreneur, or someone simply looking to earn extra money, this book provides practical advice, proven strategies, and actionable steps to help you build a successful online business.From identifying your niche and setting up your online presence to attracting customers and maximizing your profits, "Earning Online" covers every aspect of starting and growing a profitable online business. With insights from successful online entrepreneurs and case studies illustrating real-world examples, this book equips you with the knowledge and tools you need to turn your online venture into a thriving full-time income.

Discover the power of AI in the crypto world, from Bitcoin's disruptive emergence to GPT-4's cutting-edge analysis. Find out how savvy investors conquer the digital currency frontier. Learn how AI can reshape risk, outsmart markets, and secure your crypto journey. AI Insights: Unravel market trends using GPT-4's accurate predictions.Strategy Development: Forge robust strategies leveraging AI's advanced intelligence.Success Stories & Pitfalls: Navigate the highs and lows of AI in finance.Forward-Thinking Roadmap: Prepare for AI's impact on the future evolution of crypto. AI, particularly GPT-4, has the potential to revolutionize financial analysis, risk assessment, and strategic navigation through the complex crypto market. From Bitcoin's inception to blockchain's role in secure transactions, these technologies can redefine traditional banking and fostering investment opportunities. There are AI driven applications for smarter investing, enhanced risk management, and efficient smart contract development available now, but it is important to be aware of their limitations and to choose with care. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿"The GPT-4 Crypto Revolution" provides a contemporary roadmap of AI involvement in crypto, detailing emerging trends and regulatory landscapes amid digital transformation. Capitalize on the crypto boom and sidestep many of the pitfalls with the strategic intelligence AI can provide. Start trading smarter today.

Within the expansive and ever-changing arena of finance, the art of trading shines as a light of opportunity amidst the turbulent waves of the market. "Mastering the Art of Trading: A Comprehensive Guide" acts as your reliable compass, directing you through the complex paths of the financial markets with both a high level of expertise and a high level of dexterity. This book, which was crafted with painstaking attention to detail, is designed to accommodate traders of all levels of expertise, from novices who are just beginning their journey into the world of trading to seasoned pros who are perfecting their techniques to adapt to the always shifting market landscape.

The world of real estate investing is dynamic and multifaceted, offering various strategies to those seeking financial freedom. Among these, the BRRRR method has emerged as a powerful and systematic approach, reshaping the landscape of real estate investment. In this book, we embark on a journey to explore the essence of the BRRRR method, providing a brief overview of its components-Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat-and delving into why BRRRR stands out as a potent strategy for those aiming to build wealth through real estate. At its core, the BRRRR method encapsulates a step-by-step real estate investment strategy. Each phase plays a distinct role in the overall process, creating a cyclical and repeatable framework for investors. Main Topics covered are:Chapter 1: Setting the Stage for Financial FreedomChapter 2: Goals - Building Your Blueprint for SuccessChapter 3: Buy - The First Step in BRRRR InvestingChapter 4: Renovate - Transforming Houses into HomesChapter 5: Rent - Generating Passive IncomeChapter 6: Refinance - Unlocking Equity through RefinancingChapter 7: Repeat - Multiplying Success with Multiple PropertiesChapter 8: Risks - Navigating Challenges in Real Estate InvestingChapter 9: Scaling - Taking Your Real Estate Empire to New HeightsConclusions: Celebrating Success and Looking Forward

21 Things...You Need to Know About Money - How to Get It, Keep It, and GROW It is a basic guide to financial concepts and strategies that everyone, especially those 30 and under, should know. We all want to make the right decisions with our money. But, in order to do that, we need to know the right questions to ask. 21 Things... will educate you on the questions you should be asking yourself before you make decisions withyour money.Whether you are planning for a family or planning for retirement, 21 Things... You Need to Know About Money can assist you in making the right financial decisions for your life. Many of us are not taught these basic concepts at home or in school, so let this book be the guide you never realized you needed.

"Achieve Wealth and Freedom: The Guide to Early Retirement" is a comprehensive and practical guidebook designed to help readers navigate the complex world of early retirement planning. Written with clarity and expertise, this book covers everything from setting financial goals and managing investments to navigating healthcare costs and adjusting to the psychological aspects of retirement. Whether you're just starting to consider early retirement or are already on the path towards financial independence, this book offers valuable insights, actionable strategies, and real-world advice to help you achieve your retirement dreams. With a focus on creating a sustainable and fulfilling retirement lifestyle, "Achieve Wealth and Freedom" empowers readers to take control of their financial future and embrace the wealth and freedom that early retirement can bring.Top of Form

Modern organizations confront an array of existential challenges encompassing environmental volatility, resource scarcity, workforce recruitment woes, employee burnout, and technological disruption. These uncertainties, coupled with the call for sustainability as exemplified by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), necessitate adept management and visionary leadership. Nevertheless, deciphering these intricacies proves formidable, exacerbated by societal shifts and rapid behavioral transformations. The demand for proficient management and comprehensive leadership has never been more pressing as we stand on the cusp of a transformative era. Contemporary Management and Global Leadership for Sustainability , emerges as a remedy for present challenges. This book delves into the core of modern management science and global leadership, offering a roadmap to navigate multifaceted issues across various sectors. Beyond theoretical insights, it bridges the gap between theory and application, equipping a diverse audience with actionable approaches for sustainable triumph. Tailored for academics, professionals in public and private spheres, and students, the book serves as a reservoir of knowledge. Touching industries from hospitality to education and exploring the fusion of religious philosophy with sustainable leadership, provides invaluable guidance. As organizations worldwide seek direction amid contemporary challenges, this book shines as a beacon, guiding the way toward resilience, innovation, and enduring triumph.

Copyright is everywhere. Your smartphone incorporates thousands of items of intellectual property. Someone owns the reproduction rights to photographs of your dining table. At this very moment, battles are raging over copyright in the output of artificial intelligence programs. Not only books but wallpaper, computer programs and cuddly toys are now deemed to be intellectual properties - making copyright a labyrinthine construction of laws covering almost all products of human creativity.Copyright has its roots in eighteenth-century London, where it was first established to limit printers' control of books. Principled arguments against copyright arose from the start and nearly abolished it in the nineteenth century. But a handful of little-noticed changes in the late twentieth century concentrated ownership of immaterial goods into very few hands.Who Owns This Sentence? is an often-humorous and always-enlightening cultural, legal, and global history of the idea that intangible things can be owned, and makes a persuasive case for seeing copyright as an engine of inequality in the twenty-first century.