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The collapse of the postcolonial Somali state in 1991 and the consequent outbreak of civil war drastically transformed the socio-political landscape in Somalia. Somalis reverted to the pre-colonial state of affairs and sought refuge in their clan attachments. Local authorities were contested by the warlords, traditional elders, Islamist organizations and modern civil society. Indeed, it was non-state actors that played incredible role in sustaining the livelihood of the stateless people. During this period, the role of women in socio-political affairs grew exponentially and Somalis' national identity became reconfigured profoundly. This Volume 2 of a two-volume thematic history of Somalia focuses on four themes: the history of Somali civil society, the history of Somali traditional authorities, the history of the political ascendancy of Somali women and the historical evolution of Somali national identity. Volume 1 had explored the history of the people of Somali peninsula since ancient times, the advent of Islam and colonialism, the rise and fall of Somali nationalism and the various perspectives on the collapse of the Somali state. These eight chapters constitute comprehensive perspectives on Somali history designed as a history course for Somali university students as well as for general readers elsewhere.

In this collection of convocation lectures delivered over a number of years at several Universities across Nigeria, Matthew Hassan Kukah, outspoken Bishop of Sokoto, reflects on the myriad of challenges bedeviling the Nigerian nation. Themes covered include, "Nigeria and the future of Africa"; "After the insurgency: some thoughts on national cohesion"; "To heal a fractured nation: education and leadership for a new Nigeria"; "Transition to democracy: can Nigeria ride the wave"; "The pursuit of happiness: some thoughts on human rights, freedom and justice in Nigeria" and "Broken truths: Nigeria's elusive quest for national cohesion." The book is vintage Kukah: gusto, courage and enthralling clarity.---------------____________________________________________ Bishop Kukah holds a Bachelor of Divinity degree from the Pontifical Urban University in Rome, a Master's degree in Peace Studies from the University of Bradford, (the United Kingdom) and a PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London. He also attended Harvard University (USA) and was equally a Senior Rhodes scholar at the Oxford University, (United Kingdom).Besides his priestly vocation, Bishop Kukah has served Nigeria in various capacities including as a member of the Nigerian Investigation Commission of Human Rights Violations (1999 -2001); Secretary of the National Political Reform Conference (2005), chairman of the Ogoni-Shell Reconciliation (since 2005) and Convener of the National Peace Committee.

Nigeria: More Years Eaten by the Locusts confronts us with hard truths about the Nigerian condition, and points us to the starting point for reconstruction, which is an admission of the moral evils that plague us and the responsibility for it, not as a metaphysical construct but as the sum total of our collective omissions. This is a welcome contribution to the existing literature on the state of the Nigerian union. ---From the Foreword by Dr. Reuben Abati, Radio & TV Anchor and former Chairman, Editorial Board of the Guardian NewspaperGeorge Santayana once wrote that, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." The narrative in this collection should open us to the realization that if we are to be expurgated from the ongoing locust invasion, there is need for some moral fumigation... We may fail to heed this lesson too, and head towards further harm.---From the Introduction by Dr. Anthony Okeregbe,Department of Philosophy, University of Lagos._________________________________________Rev. Fr. George Ehusani is the Executive Director of Lux Terra Leadership Foundation, and former Secretary General of the Catholic Secretariat of Nigeria. He is author of several books and journal articles, a well-known public speaker, and a regular feature on many television channels, by which means he consistently engages the Nigerian socio-economic and political elite, teaching core religious values and virtues, promoting sacrificial leadership, advocating for social justice, and championing the cause of mutual understanding and peaceful co-existence in Nigeria. Among his other publications are: An Afro-Christian Vision: Ozovehe (1991), The Social Gospel (1992), The Politics of Population Control (1993), A Prophetic Church (1996), Fragments of Truth (1997), Petals of Truth (1998), Nigeria: Years Eaten by the Locusts (2002), Flames of Truth (2006), and The Gospel Challenge: 30 Years of Gospel Application of Christian Social Teaching (2022).

'Maana-Faay has an enduring quality that sets it apart from many of its contemporaries. It achieves what Max'd Afrax, the author, sets out to do with a plot that is irresistibly well-constructed. I have loved re-reading it and believe that this English translation will make its author many new friends.'Nuruddin Farah, world acclaimed novelistMaana-faay was the first and most popular modern novel written in the Somali language. It distinguished itself in its use of highly developed literary techniques such as retrospection, interior dialogue, and powerfully evocative descriptions of the range of physical spaces through which the story moves. Moreover, Afrax's masterful use of dialogue in the spoken tongue, with all the nuances of region, urban quarter, age, and gender, remains unequalled even today. Afrax's unique and pioneering prose fiction truly captured the spirit of Mogadishu and Somali urban life of the time. Immediately and impressively popular when it appeared, Maana-faay has remained iconic for this moment in Somali urban history and a mile-stone in the development of the Somali language and Somali-language literature. While no translation can do full justice to it, Ahmed Ismail Yusuf's valiant endeavour deserves our admiration and gratitude.Professor Lidwien Kapteijns, Wellesley College'Maana-faay presents a realistic picture of urban life in Somalia as it was a few years before the civil war. Afrax uses skillful artistry, not used before in Somali fiction writing, as well as sympathetic insight, to tell this story of an innocent young woman's sufferings in a corrupt and ruthless environment. He has a poet's perception of the physical scenes and psychological feelings through which she moves.Even before the publication of Maana-faay, Afrax had been well-known for his fiction, essays and theatre criticism, but when Maana-faay was serialised in the Mogadishu daily, Xiddigta Oktoober, he became firmly established as the leading literary figure of Somalia, one, who, moreover, was an ardent defender of women against harassment and heartless exploitation .'Professor B.W.Andrzejewski of London University, a leading authority in Somali language and literary studies. (in SOAS Literary Review) 'Maana-faay is the first novel in the Somali language that is worth the name....In it; Afrax shows craftsmanship, care and extraordinary intelligence in synthesizing material from various irreconcilable sources. Professor Ali Jimale Ahmed, Queens College, New York (in his PhD Dissertation)______________________________________________Maxamed Daahir Afrax / Mohamed Dahir Afrah, PhD in African Studies from SOAS University of London, journalist, researcher, fiction writer and literary scholar who authored numerous articles, academic studies, chapters in scholarly books, novels, short stories, plays and scholarly books in Somali, English and Arabic.

The book discusses the politics and contestations around economic development in Nigeria, and argues that the heavy reliance on projects, policies, and programmes primed towards improving the GDP are defective strategies that can hardly lead to sustainable development. The author recommends a people-centred strategy that will focus on the needs of citizens such as access to good education and healthcare as well as a system that ensures equity, fairness and justice for all.  ________________________________Amaechi Anakwue has been a broadcast journalist with global exposure for over two decades. He holds a PhD in political economy with research interest on development issues. He is the author of The Politics of Economic Regulation in Nigeria (2019) and has also contributed to several peer-reviewed international journals.Table of ContentsPreface.................................................................................vAcknowledgement..................................................................viDedication............................................................................viiForeword..............................................................................viiiChapter OneProjects as Development Strategy ...................................................................... 11Chapter TwoPolicies as Development Strategy ....................................................................... 21Chapter ThreeProgrammes as Development Strategy ............................................................. 27Chapter FourThe Concept of Development ............................................................................ 35Chapter FiveCritique of Nigeria''s Economic Development Programmes ............................ 45Chapter SixThe Nigerian State and Economic Development Challenges ............................ 65Chapter SevenEconomic Development Programmes In Nigeria ............................................. 81Bibliography..................................................................................................129Appendix ....................................................................................................... 135Index ............................................................................................................... 141

  This book traverses spiritual, psychological, philosophical, political, linguistic and musical discourses, to honour a priest, a social activist and a cerebral scholar, whose fidelity to his sacred calling over the last four decades has found expression in these diverse spheres of the human enterprise. It is an indispensable text and will remain an invaluable classic for social scientists, politicians, religious leaders, media workers, social activists, leadership students and sundry researchers on the Nigerian project, for years to come.______________________________________ Contributors to this book include Pat Utomi, a Professor of Political Economy and an internationally acclaimed scholar, whose concern about the leadership deficit in Nigeria once propelled him to run for the office of the President; Andrew Zamani, a Professor of Clinical Psychology, a former President of the Nigerian Psychological Association as well as an Executive Committee member of the World Association of Cultural Psychiatrists; Taiwo Abioye, a Professor of English, a member of the Nigerian Academy of Letters and former Deputy Vice Chancellor, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, whose publications include Language and the Moral Imperative in George Ehusani''s Writings (2011 & 2019); Arua Eke Arua, a Professor of Language and Linguistics and former Head of the Department of English, University of Botswana; and Hycinth Ichoku, a Professor of Development Microeconomics and Vice-Chancellor, Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria; Anthony Okeregbe, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Philosophy, University of Lagos, Visiting Member of the Editorial Board, the Guardian Newspapers, and a Catalyst Fellow of the Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, whose publications include Rev. Fr. George Ehusani in Conversation (Volume 2, 2011).

Bridging the race and Gender gaps examines the gradual increase of women and minorities among MacArthur Fellows from 1981 to 2018. The book shows that while men continue to be in the majority, women have been closing the gap, especially in the past decade. It also shows that while White Fellows (including those with ancestry from Western or Central Asia, not just Europe) continue to be dominant, minorities have increased their share among all Fellows, with Black men, Asian men, and Native American women having higher proportions than their adult proportions in the United States. The gender gap is however not closing as rapidly as the race gap. The book tries to account for the gaps between race and gender among the MacArthur fellows, and why they are bridging at different paces.___________________________Amadu Jacky Kaba is Professor of Sociology at Seton Hall University, in the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work. He has some 80 scholarly publications, including seven books and 58 full-length scholarly journal articles. Prior to returning to Seton Hall University in 2005, he worked with the late renowned political scientist, Professor Ali A. Mazrui (Post-Doctoral Fellowship), teaching and conducting research in the Social Sciences both at Binghamton University, State University of New York, and Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, from July 2002 to June 30, 2005. Kaba earned all of his degrees from Seton Hall University: B.A. in Political Science in 1997; Master''s degree in Public Administration in 1998; and Ph.D. in Higher Education Leadership, Management and Policy in May 2002. 

Human Rights and Persons with Disabilities in Nigeria is an exploration of Disability and Human Rights Law in Nigeria highlighting the plight of persons with disabilities in Nigeria. With an objective and straight forward approach Dr Doma assesses the treatment of persons with disabilities in the country from social, legal and political perspectives and raises questions about the efficiency of the existing legal and institutional frameworks. She canvasses for a holistic protection of the rights of persons with disabilities with special consideration given to the unique vulnerability of women, children, and the elderly. Human Rights and Persons with Disabilities in Nigeria is a compassionate and powerful book that demands the attention of not only human rights activists but also of virtually everyone since anyone can develop a disability at any time. The book shows how some of the imperfections in the previous legal and institutional frameworks can be remedied with the enactment of the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act 2018, and the creation of National Commission for Persons with Disabilities.__________________Dr Halima Doma received both Bachelor''s and Master''s degrees in Law from Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and a Ph.D from the University of Jos. Before joining Nasarawa State University Keffi where she currently teaches mostly public law courses, she worked as a Research Fellow at the National Judicial Institute and was also an intern at the National Human Rights Commission. In addition to her job as a law teacher, Dr Doma engages in legal practice. She is also a Notary Public and serves as a Neutral in the Abuja Multidoor Courthouse. She has published profusely in national and international peer-reviewed journals.

In recent years, more testing and treatment have changed HIV epidemics in Africa, allowing most HIV-positive people to lead near normal lives. At the same time, with more HIV testing, hundreds of thousands of people are finding unexplained HIV infections in themselves, family members, and friends. Unexplained infections come from bloodborne risks - skin-piercing procedures - with unsterile instruments during health care and cosmetic procedures. Until someone finds and fixes those risks, they can continue to infect others. What can be done? Stopping Bloodborne Risks describes how communities and governments around the world have investigated unexplained HIV infections to find other victims and to find and fix bloodborne risks. In some countries, private people and communities have started informal investigations. In others, people have appealed to governments, even protesting to national leaders. Individuals and communities can make a difference. ___ David Gisselquist is an independent consultant with experience in anthropology, rural development, and health. He has published extensively in medical journals on bloodborne risks for HIV in Africa, and has spoken on bloodborne risks at WHO and at international AIDS conferences. Dr. Gisselquist has written a history of Africa''s HIV epidemics, Points to Consider (Adonis & Abbey, 2008) and has co-edited a collection of country studies on injection practices, Pilot-Testing the WHO Tools to Assess and Evaluate Injection Practices (WHO, 2003). He has worked short-term in more than a dozen African countries, including two years in Rwanda, and has assisted field research on HIV in Kenya and India. He has a PhD in economics.  

The subject of the politics of knowledge production is as old as knowledge itself and remains hotly contested, especially among scholars. Among others, Mokoko Sebola, Tawanda Nyawasha and Molefi Asante have recently made controversial contributions on this subject in relation to Africa in general and South Africa in particular. In this book the author draws from an Afrocentric paradigm to present an alternative and refreshing perspective on the politics of higher education, scholarship and ethics in Africa. While the book draws heavily from the South African experience, it also offers lessons for Africa, the black world and the global south. It begins with an extended critique of Sebola''s contribution on the subject and then synthesizes his views with the Nyawasha-Asante debate on the same subject. While the book''s point of departure is to draw attention to the limitations of the works of the aforementioned scholars; it raises the discourse by switching from an individual to systems level of analysis. __________________________________________  Kgothatso B. Shai is an Associate Professor and Head of Cultural & Political Studies at the University of Limpopo in South Africa. He was educated at the Universities of Venda and Limpopo, South Africa, where he received a PhD in International Politics. He has published widely in many peer-reviewed national and international journals. His special research interest is on Afrocentric and protest scholarship.

Peace-building in Post-Conflict Societies examines the child-soldier phenomenon in Northern Uganda from African and global intellectual perspectives. It discusses strategies used in recruiting and using child-soldiers by armed groups and government forces and also interrogates the extant national, regional and international legal mechanisms for protecting them. The book also critically examines the strategies of disarmament, demobilization, re-integration and rehabilitation (DDRR) of child-soldiers as part of peace-building efforts in post-conflict Uganda. It compares the African traditional approaches with the Western model of re-integration and rehabilitation and recommends reliance on the traditional African systems -but without discarding the relevant aspects of the Western model.Dr Bainomugisha teaches in the Department of Religion and Peace Studies at Makerere University and is also the Executive Director of ACODE, a public policy think-tank based in Kampala, which was established in 1999.

In Zimbabwe, borders play a crucial role in maintaining state security as well as promoting political, economic and social development. Dynamics of Contemporary Border Management in Zimbabwe: Challenges, Benefits and Prospects is an analysis of the effectiveness of border management programmes, mechanisms and frameworks implemented at the Zimbabwean borders. Using the political economy approach, the authors evaluate the challenges affecting the management of the borders in Zimbabwe and proffer recommendations that if implemented, will meet international best practices in border management. Solomon Muqayi is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Political and Administrative Studies at the University of Zimbabwe (UZ).Charity Manyeruke is a Professor of Political Science and International Relations at the University of Zimbabwe.

Why did the Somali state collapse? How is it possible for a country, which is so ethnically homogenous to be so divided? These questions have undoubtedly generated as many answers as the number of analysts, researchers and writers who have tried to grapple with them. Dr Abdirachid Ismail argues that contrary to the conventional explanations such as tribalism, dictatorship, corruption or the role of external powers, the collapse of the Somali State is rooted in culture. Starting with a re-interpretation of culture, the author interrogates the recent history of the Somalis, from colonization to civil war and the final collapse of their State and proffers a way forward._______ Abdirachid M. Ismail holds a degree in Culture and Communication and a PhD in Linguistics from the Institut National des Langues et Cultures Orientales (Inalco) in Paris. He is a Senior lecturer and researcher at the University of Djibouti. He is also the Vice-Chair of the think-tank, the Independent Research Institute of the Horn of Africa (IRICA), which was established in Djibouti in 2016. He has published in many peer-reviewed academic journals and is also the author of a historical and literary evaluation of the poetry of Elmi Bodheri, one of the most famous Somali poets. The book is published in both Somali and French as Cilmi Boodheri, Jacaylkii taamka ahaa (2016) and 'Elmi Bodheri, L'histoire d'un amour absolu (2017) respectively.

This book narrates stories of Ghanaians that have successfully grown their businesses and have made a notable contribution to society as business people. It also provides guidelines that can help businesses succeed in Ghana and offers insights into some of the challenges that are likely to be faced.

Definitions and descriptions of religion by anti-religion scholars, philosophers and scientists often downplay the role, relevance, functions and contributions of religion to the society, and usually reduce it to a mere set of beliefs, doctrines, rituals and spirituality. In Nigeria, most of the critics of religion often forget that they owe Western education championed by the missionaries for most of their accomplishments in life. This is in addition to the spiritual assistance and healthcare services provided by religious leaders and institutions in the country.In our previous book - Religion in Contemporary Nigeria- we addressed issues in the use and misuse of religion in Nigeria. This volume focuses on the role of religion in Nigeria's development.This carefully selected compendium contains the submissions of eminent scholars from African Traditional Religion, Christianity and Islam and is jointly edited by experienced professors in the fields. The overall aim is to enhance better understanding of religion as a veritable instrument of development in Nigeria.

While the notion of Local Government remains contentious in literature, consensus appears to be that it brings government nearer to the people. The book discusses operations of the Local Government system in Uganda in the context of social accountability as a tool for deepening democracy. Using ACODE's social accountability strategies like local government council scorecards, civic engagement meetings and technology, the book examines roles that citizens and the civil society play in solving capacity problems. The book contends that functional decentralization empowers Local Governments, improves service delivery and fosters citizens' eagerness to demand accountability. ________________Arthur Bainomugisha holds a Master's degree and a PhD in Peace and Conflict Studies from University of Bradford. Dr Bainomugisha teaches at the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies at Makerere University and is also the Executive Director of ACODE, a public policy think-tank based in Kampala, which was established in 1999.Kiran Cunningham is Professor of Anthropology at Kalamazoo College (USA) and a Research Associate at ACODE. She is an applied anthropologist with expertise in action research, gender analysis, community development, deliberative democracy, transformative learning and intercultural education. Lillian Muyomba-Tamale specializes in decentralization, local governance and human rights. She holds a Master's degree in Human Rights and a Bachelor's in Social Work and Social Administration from Makerere University. She is a Research Fellow at ACODE managing the Local Governments Councils' Scorecard Initiative Wilson Winstons Muhwezi has a jointly awarded PhD by Karolisnka Institutet, Sweden and Makerere University, Uganda. His experience straddles local governance, managing vulnerability and building resilience. He directs research at ACODE and holds a Professorship position at Makerere University.